IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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1.6 


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33  WMT  MAIN  STRHT 

WngTM,N.Y.  l4StO 

(7U)  173.4903 


4^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microraproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  da  microraproductions  historiquas 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  technique*  et  bibliographiquee 


The  institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


D 


n 


D 


□ 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagte 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurAe  et/ou  peiliculAe 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  giographiques  en  couleur 


□   Coloured  inic  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  blacit)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bieue  ou  noire) 

I      I   Coloured  plates  and/cr  illustrations/ 


D 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relit  avec  d'autres  documents 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serrde  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  inttrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
11  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouttes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  iorsque  cela  Atalt  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  At6  f  iimies. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppitmentaires: 


L'institut  a  microf  iimt  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  At*  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  ia  mMhode  normale  de  fiimage 
sont  indiqute  ci-dessous. 


I      I   Coloured  pages/ 


D 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagtes 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaurtes  et/ou  pellicul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxe< 
Pages  dAcolortes,  tacheties  ou  piquAes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 

Showthroughy 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prin 

Qualit^  in6gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  mattriei  suppKmentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  disponible 


I — I  Pages  damaged/ 

r~~|  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

r~~|  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I      I  Pages  detached/ 

I      I  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

r~~|  Only  edition  available/ 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possilble  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partieliement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc..  ont  At*  filmAes  A  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


Th( 
to 


Th. 
poi 
of 
filr 


on 

bei 
th« 
sio 
ott 
fin 
sio 
or 


Th( 
shi 
TIP 
wh 

Ma 
difi 
enl 
bef 
rigl 
req 
ma 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu*  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


12X 


16X 


am 


24X 


28X 


32X 


^i^m&W' 


Th«  copy  filmed  hora  ha*  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Nationai  Library  of  Canada 


L'exempiaire  fiimA  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  ia 
gAnirositi  de: 

BibliothAque  nationaie  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quaiity 
possibie  considering  the  condition  and  iegibiiity 
of  the  originai  copy  and  in  Iceeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  end  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  beck  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  originel  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrsted  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  Y  (meening  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  AtA  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grsnd  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettet*  de  l'exempiaire  film«,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmaga. 

Les  exempleires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimte  sent  fiimte  en  commengant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'iliustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  sutres  exempleires 
originaux  sont  filmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  pege  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustrstion  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
dernlAre  imege  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  —»- signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  cherts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  retios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  ere  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  msny  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diegrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmto  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diff Arents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  ciich^i,  11  est  film6  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bee,  en  prenent  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  le  mAthode. 


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OiUPAIONS  OF  THE  BRITISH  AllMT, 


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I  •      BALTIMORE,  AND  NEW  OR^-EANS; 


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GENE|4LS  R08S,  PAt  JlNHA^I,  4-  LAMBERT,  ^.   ^^^' 

^     ♦    IK  THE  TKARi  1814  AWD  IfflSj  ^t  {' 

WITH  SobIe  account  of  the  countries  TISITEa 


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,         ^  AN  APPENDIX, 

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AN  SXPOSmON  OF  SUNDRY  ERRORS  IN  THE  WOBK. 


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PHrLADEJLPHIA: 


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l^BLISHED,  BT  M^^REV  U  SOJ^» 

^  No.  126,  Chesnut  Street.  "^ 


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VERTISEMENT     '  •  *>^^ 
t6  the  LONDON  EDITION. 


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r    The  following  Letters  wei«  not  the  produce 
^^   of  mere  I^Uectibti,  but  Wtere  formed  from     !^^  «    ,< 
Hie  8ubsti«ceVof  a  journal  kept,  with  consi-  k        J  ^^ 
dflrnble  care,  during  the  progress  of '^  the  ^*' 
ev^sils  wl^ch'^they  record,    ^me  of  these 

t    w«rcf,  indeed,  too  striking  to  have  been  easily 

fS^^S^en^  as  to  their  general  character ;  but  ^ 

^r  the  dettil  of  minute  circumstances,  which,   ^     ^ 
%  is  hoped^'  y(^  be  Ibund  to  possess  some       ; , 
iSegree  of  interest,  meiiiory  alone  wbuld»iiot«j^y  '*^ 
have  leen  a  secure  or  sufficient  guide.    'The 
introductory  and  final  forms  ^^f  e^olary  S'>^ 
**  writing  hi^e'^blen  purposely  omitted;  but.        * 
for  aiythe  particulars,  h(|tireyer  extraordinary,^ 
the  Mtlvor  if,  thus  enabled  fairl}^to  pledge 
his  creditafMk  The  Betters'  will,  pei^h^ps,  obtain 

f'j^.the  more  attbntion,  as   conveying  the  firat* 
detailed  account  of  this  Concluding  expedl 
tion  of  the*war. 


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t'   •     ADVERTI8BMEHT 
TO  THE  PRESENT  EDITION. 


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PhUadelphia,  Ju%f  0,  ISSI. 

V  >        J^     The  following  work,  althougli  more  fiur  and 

q  '^-  candid,  in  most  particulars,  than  the  generaRly 

of  those  published  in  Europe  respectingHhis 

country,  contains  some  important  errors  and 

.  misstatements,  which  have  .called  forth  varioin 

^    animadversions  in  different  parti  of  the  United 

,;    .    States.    The  American  editor  h^ptet'he  has 

. '  ^%.<  performed  an  acceptable  service  to  his  felloif 

r«  ^    citizens,  by  presenting,  in  a  itondense^l  forni| 

j^>  the  most  important  of  thosei  animadversipn«» 

ii         with  such  interlocutory  rem%f)frli8  appeared 

*    .     ^  necessary  to  connect  and  illii^te  thejni; 


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ist  s&sogn  be  a  certainty,  but 
^  3ui'fin.^  mean  time,  ^iMifnustt 

i       ycjti  %iWi  an  •aoijbunt  w  d&  motions  sihce  the 
^^' p^iiuse,  pii»^eidu1y  of  our  march  through  the 
souiliem  pai#t>f  Ckscony  to  our  present  floating 


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THE  CARONN£. 


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1(* 


f      As  soon  as  the  white  flag  hMl 
from  the  citadel  dT  Bayonne,  the  ooal 

.sfired  by  the  garrison  and  the  besieging  amfy  and 
niatters  ^  fiir jimuigwl  as  to  pe^o^lp  mkiatiiwi 
of  the  blockade,  the  -thoughts  of  ajll  w^  mlvi% 
employed  in  specuktionMMt^dieirfiittqpdM^.  ^ 

This  employment,  yoirwiU  perceive^  was  ikf 
necessary  cpnsequente  of  Ihe^ want  of  l:|^lfer,    ^Hl  ' 
saw,  that  where  we  ^enej  al  leas^  tllBie  waa  vii* 
longer  any  occasion  Uk  us,  and.  nft^  biMdiD 
anticipate  withdismfty>  thf  prospects  ''"    ""  " 
reduction.    Th^  was>  however^itoe  ohmH^ 
and  that  depended  upon  the  dontinnaiice  of  lft» 
war  with  America.  England,  it  wasangucd,  ii$fam 
at  peace  with  all  the  worlds  exoagt^tiis'llM'  tfioit 
implacable  enemy,  iigainst  whomMl^iias  Ae  justn. 
est  cause  of  irritation  $  nor  is  it  B^0rpniffd»\t  thai^ 
she  will  let  allpitti  ojpportunjty  s4^fovowablt«ir.8eT 
viirely  chastisingher,  for  Her  perfid3ieand  iogntitudt»  < 
It  was  th^  general 'opiiiibn,|nerii|fbre,  teu^  large 
proportionof  the  Penin^i4irai|ly;Wo^  betnai^ 

V  ported  to  the'otiier  side  of  thl|^|M|^,  tiiat  Utt 
war  would  there  be  x^rried  on'-^vith  vieOCBb  and 
that  no  terms  of  accommodatioMpdd  bf^liMened 
to,  except  such  as  a  British'  genaiilfilK^Ud  dictate 
in  the  Republican  Senate  House,  ^t  lus^been  oAeii 
remarked,  and  not  with  greater  fivqueacy  tfian 
justice,'  that  men  are  extremely  rea^to  believe 

what  they  wish  to  be  true.    A  pfcih  of  opei1itions>« 

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7 

^Jitei|leiely  In  consonince  whh  fht 

l«|rho  trembled  tt  the  prospect^. 

Ml'flyv^'#^  prdnQ^ced|»J|prst  the  most  fftoper, 

>yMk«r'4|aMaikefy^    in  the  world  to 

W^ld^mNttltp^  aid  the  sole  subject  of  inquiry 

ti^i^i^  whieb  regments  might  expect  to  fab 

^  J/fSt^toi  iku^mrvke',^  and  which  would  return 

S^.  ■'  ^  %i|)¥n  pirty  I  froni  thi»fiESt  laid  my 

fej wuit  #i<^ bfehig  sentout  because  ^e  corps  to 

wliU|4bekM%'lMidnot  soihredvo  muoli  as  niiiny 

giliiifc^  Nor,  In 

mmSmikl^myaaSd^^        Thei«  was  a 

r  ilie;^4ndecd^  in  which  1 1)egan  id.  waver,  and 

ajjh JMy^ll^ubts  did  not  continue  long  in  exis- 
rlir^ii^^ilSMtheless  proper  that  I  should  say 

flTimg^^i^Mapips  inpaw  tiht  on  t)vB  ^ondusion 
ot,|WBt<|imtirioe  ijetw^  thf  jFrei|ph  and  Britidi 
lilmies,  one  of  tfie  oonditidpife  was,  thc^  the  gpfliaqn 
of  Ba|pittie  should  i^  jpelli^|idloiiag6  to  the 
jm$ttAc{  8eyeikjBj|[Qe»fifY)i«ik^  .  Tbts  of 

oittiMQeoMi|iMi^  scarcity  of  fiM^df^  ^ 

kad  ^  wtts  deemed  necessary,^,in  conse^ende'of 
diaf  wetKkrJm^ye  p««|  tif  the  Britisb  force  a 
dif'aimtfeh  ttNnMs  th^lPfa^.  Now  it  had  so  ha^p- 
pened  ^Mt,  among  the  iksnit  our  condusidns,  we 
bad  agread'that  the  troops  destined  for  America 
would  embark  at  Bourdeaux,  tho^  destined  for 
^EnglMld  at  Passage.    Finding  oinrsdves,  there- 


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foil,  pioceedilig  in  the 
j|i|d  not.  beingp  aware  of  the  caus^f 
ite  began  to  ainpect  4||t  we  M  beenmm||yg||i 

,   amnberiag  <wi»elveai#K»g  thnift jiijjiiiiilgiii ' 
thetrana^atlanticwar*  Ourhopea,l)pw4i||^M 
oriMfhape,  naofeproperiy  spfakin|f^a  mil  ^ 
two,  di^  no^la^ Iqi^,  for  ^efvoc^eckd^ 
ikm  a  <fli||nfM  oCfiHteep  ^pilrs  ^t^^ 

''  iior4ia€l  wg.oontifined  iii'ibatpoiittewyn; 
when  an  order  arrivediiMr  us  to  cet 
and  to  make  dif  l)est  of  ounwagr  l|^arc 

I  need  not  ;«|b§cN(|.  that  the 
this  order  wa<.  ^  ^^^  confurmatioi\«o£oiii;ii|j[||  ^ 
opinion;  and  that  we,  who  had  hega||l9^dri|(i|p^ 
the  society  of  fiidiers,  sisters,  wiv||^.^adiHflibi» 
now  looked  forward  with  equal,  HiUft  pJlt^M» 
tis&etiei^»fO|ar^ei«ia  of  ^  h^Uf%^nd  ^t 
jm^inents  of  ai^ve.iir^re»  -.  t  -p  -^.i, ,  l^^v^*^ 
/yltiwas  on  die  evening  of  |he  jMyt^Midk  Ih4. 
the  route  ynirreailiPf^^^  q«»^4fa||blk)wifi|^«iiBn|» 
iiig,  aiday-bnii^l»^lPonHDenW     niaroh».l|pu 

^.  cjanntr^ throu^hwhich we moliii IpcknolfaiiifAi 
ilal^lf,  uril^mieeted.wiih  past  evipti,  caloalilpd^i^ 
any  ex^ordinary  degr^^o  attg||jl|teMittk'  <(«? 
^hmdys,bdeea,'%etf»hel'j5i^ 
grBndfwvfbnlthig,  ori  tfnf^isMe,  aiiofeie%^iidm'jf 
to  th<i  frdbpe^ty  and  on  our  Mt  4iiMlir^,% 
bbunmf  dHTetenf  it  Is  true  iti^kitid,  IWili^^t^in^ 
ndri^s  ^r^l^lMTtfublflie.  Buxkftk^Ukmtfm' 


K,  '. 


.  i 


^ 


^ 


'A 


||||||piii||iM«led  t»«s^^^  4B  ohametMM«|| 
jjImiiflfFiMWi.  I^ie  ^ni^i^,  bei|ig«ll4 
^Igrtlwlil  iiiiT  itai|iiil>f  III  cgaditigis^ftiiM^  om 

j(il|ffii<»»ftiie  ^iiiit  of  viokneclod  ouMl^ 

lSiiiiiliilllilin«Wy  acted  mnoiig  HkHMlMMf 

ruftl  uumwtfimiH  •nd  iiwdbirtliii 

■hyii  Mrio-driMMiaMKiliwinhtiii 

iill  Qpir  own  mbdf^vidi  the  bmd  of 

MJpMdJdwfhpygvtf,  Iti  connection  with  pwt 
0mS^  vllH^|M|ie  was  indeed,  most  inteiestingf  f  , ,  ^, 
thougiP^  a  Mrtiigtr  fresh  frm^  England,  aman;^  ^Y 
i<iriiiiillBiii|iiwi»i/)fii»|if«dl!|l^  peaoeftiiiiabits,  I 
^itimiUttif  ivm0^  ^  it  .would  ,have  been  pro« 
^betiW'^Mnfeli  fain  f/aidd  that  it  would  We 
diMm  Jmn  Mbk  awn^  <J0|Mp)tioB9  agipist  die 

i|p;ioyhpv^c  Qi^di^1|id»^itheiinAd,lii  wiif^ 
^fW^idiiiialiiQa  wgcast  ow^ps,  and' w^  as  mx 

y»^fiijfim^ll^^  and^ 

do^faidflns  laid  wanJ^  the  walijeniplished, 
and  ihe^MMrees  cut  down;  wh^o  jilantations 
levelled,  «|i  vineyiBds  trodden  binder  foft.  Hera 
aQ4  iiPB  liMiplN^fi  wi^mM^a^lmiai^'yif^^t'^' 


4' 


^     * 


JV-. 


.K^ 


CSi** 


'^-n 


t 


t . 


^■•i^ 


dt 


■^: 


it 


1    ** 


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^nt 


¥ 


6f  '<Mnni^*afid  BCCOtHi'lteittntv  sflHllulflv%wilMP . 
.  ftdTunoir,  tnul^ed  the  spbts  wbei%  1^llii|aibl# 
^§M  mdBt  de«(inmned,  and  wh^  'iii|iiAiilMf'' 
^m  had  met  his  fet(^    C)Ur  jbulh(^y1i||tf|^ 
dver  a  iidd  of  balde|%o  that  the  hoKisMMilw 
only  diotoug^y  ^tttd,  (totlse  ar  Vulgai  Wiipill* . 
Jjpresshre  phrase,)  but  for  theitilbs^[«i|^i«N^^ 
dMwiih  camibh'iaiiot.  Round  soineti#lhe  krigdMS; 
hideed,  ^ere  %asftotawaltrittf  at<>BiC^i>j||i  dM 
not  preibent  evident  proofe  of  iMhavi 
verted  mto  a  tempatuy'^BCc  of 
the  deep  ruts»  in  what  had  once  been  hwtmi 
flower-gardionS)  showec|^t^veft,;tfiei^1 
not  protect  them  frontfbeing  destn 
*pa8sa|e  of  heavy  ircBiery*  "^  •' 

ImmecBately  beyond  the  viUag^oNMi^wt^ 
spectacles  were  partiodarly  fre^lpMi^  It^ftii^> 
yott'ViH  recollect,  that  in  '^  mon#f#Beceinbel] 
last  there  was  fitting  fdr  four  ^ysiidgetherf 
aKd  I  dd^^assiim  y0|i^  that<thef«i||tot)f^^y^ 


aiwtlN«i||i». 

■5wl 


,  locks  within  our  vlbwi  frdm 
legs,  and  arms  were  pnqiing 
other  objects  which  I  faavt  ai 
sIpDiently  atf^sted  the  olMtina^; 
fighting  had.  |^n  maintainid.  .  :^  ~  .^ 

/»I  repeat^  that  in  the  bosom  of  a  naniof  peace, 
it Js very, conceivable  that  aU  diis  would  h»ve 
eaBpitydfedingii^etdiRgly  painfiiljliouw^  hm- 


"^, 


ft 


0* 


■'/ 


*A 


'4^ 


>gl^,M' 


/ 


luied  to  coi)^^,niiinber«f,8h|i||^ 

iWf^h»i  stood  bdldad  th^Bo,  ndnv*'^ 
JlfeW^  tlick  9nd  %|.  aipw^.^.  % 

^lor.  though  Wl^^llli^tJiqMrta^^ 

Iff  t|ie  conKipif 
fetMip^d^^glli^  1h»  expipiia  amAhm 


HIIIMiiMWlil 


t  ttRi^lpps  after 
oE^i^t  , .  ,  , ,  ,^;. 
^A»liim|in)l  aware,  fixMAexpgrifflpoe,  thatgwBqp^ 
wbo  JilP  ^quietly  ;al'  ^ope^  iqan^onp  no  m^ 

|||^«M^|iit  yOu||Ul  pardoi  l^tediouaneis  of  i|ift 
4i'i'iy.iiii|>jijil»na  UfcewiMwiUmg  to  persuade 
Il|||v0||li^^  of  ^ 

iBiial||.»k  Bot  be  uni^lciplable.  «l^e  emlitam 
o£  f  bdeiiipBpcd  town,  in  particuiar^  wpytsj  difr 
ficiift*  to  be«conoeiyed  withou(t.fa%vmgb«aisc9% 
Ikkttm  tliauvary  oneimderstwii^^ 


% 


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>♦# 


V't 


#¥0r  this  p^fpose'^ 
vcMced  #6^«  of  fil||liM»;'ie^( 


.t 


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1^. 


It  •. 


/ 


■4;  '  •' V 


>  VDWhkMimrllBVxvtfr 


■iit 


f.v  »• 


/f 


tf»i  ^>gftt  About  one  hundred^nds 
Tttkge,  felled  trees  were  thh)wtf 
I  ^|he'l^»d^  with  their  branches  towards  tllb 
what  we  caSl  ^  abat^.    Forty  otji, 
'^iS^dfljtmi^iR  rear  of  this,  a  sclkisli  was  dug  and  a' 
liiiifiiilili'iik  thrown  up,  behind  which  a  par^ 
liJUil^tacitfelystaiid  and  do  great  execution  w  iiP 
^Ml-liii,  i^HeMi  anybodyof  men  stru^ing  to  forcfr^ 
th^Wt^  tfirough  the  thick  branches.    On  eidiF ' 
8i%ip|Mlwad,  again,  where  the  ground  graduaUy 
riiKi4^P^^^"'^^"^^*>  ^^^  erected  redoubts  >,  ^  ' 
itteries,  from  Whidi  a  heavy  flanking  fire  «  . 
kdpt  up  9'  wl^lBt  ^Ivepr  house  iii  the  vil- 
lagi^lbelj^l^jr^jd^^byrva^  iire  bililt^ili  a 

fir9ii|^|l^'looMi|^ii|^a#  U^p-holed,  arid  Converted  -     J 
ii||p^«.;^||mp(iniy^lortressrf  ^^e  church,  in  parti>  * 
cij|ir,'vbc|j||^an  higher  ground  than  the  other '^^ 
bi|p|gg9»  was  completeljr  metamorphosed,  from  a 
iM^  <^  peaci|^  mto  a  little  citadeL    Strang  4^^ 
p4i|j^^.caUediQihllitaiyphrasedogy,stoci^^      J^ 
wcp  diiveQ  intothegroundxQi^d  the  church-yard, 
IpDfkcfipiingpik^  ^ 

leiyfhfiw«d4heii^ws.   .The  wallsof die  edifi^k^  ?*/ 
itsi^C^iip  9lreiigthened  ly  an  embibkmenr  of  *  i^V 
earth,  to  |i||  height  of  four  or  fivf  X<^  abinre 
whic|f»narrcpr  openings  were.  inade$%|Ei  order  to  1^ 
giv^lts  d«^ei|#ers  ap  opportuiuty  of  lfl^j|iip^c^  i 


«N- 


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fhtiikltiil  ^ifhlK'i^i^^^ tfMifit)^ 
barrefi^  cX  ganpaWdeTy  sM  ttm^apmrni 
tfie  raife^f^Jllltf,  U8«d  as-vi 
stid  shells.  ■'  '      '^  'r.'jti3it^^',^; 

V;    I  have  bedh  tbui  minbte  kihiaghi 
Angle^  because  «^hiitt  I  have  ^d  of  ijt 
equally  well  to  eveiy  village,  hamlet, 
m&ases  wiihifi  the  compass  of  whaitir»jBiil)lit||i)j^ 
lines.    Ort  this  side,  youifill 

^^  intention  of  making  a  breach,  ixr.ofj 

,i^ace  t  nor,  indeed,  would  it  have  be94M||||(^ 
"^  ^^^tD'^attempt  it,  excepting  in  one  pointy  aiBppfcy* 

(the  oppodte  side  of  the  town.    The  sq||e 

^^  these  prepAiitionSi  t|ierdGocie|Mwas  .ti^.^ 

lefkehi^  wi#ihi  ^4r(^^ 
'-^'  all  dc^mniilt^tion  tvithfitl^  si 

But  where  Utibps  are  ev^eiy  nf|gii|e  m^ 

^being  attacked,  as  nem^be  the  cStf^iif^ji 

Th^  armies,  die  slightest  cover  and  i 
defente  is  of  impoctance. '  YoujnajFi 

^%ilre  to  yourself  Wiiat  appearatfe  a  cc 
•   "''pi^sient,  which,  t^  the  extent 'ol'  fi^n  or 

mites  rouod,  is  thu%  treated ;  liliere  eveTy0i9$^ 
"^  ^  is  fortifie^^emea^aluable1fe|i|teietif^^^ 
\^.   ^nrni'abattisj  ilvery  emmence  a|||iimed^|^ii^|re 


|i  'rfeglilir  wOTk^,  and  everppbce, swarming .^with 


% 


wk 


t  '  ait«ied^e##(Slich  was  its  aspect  during  the  day, 
whilst  a^6jiq|Ht  it  exhibited  a  specticle  iHt  less 
^Ittii^^.  I' ^^n^  in  IMhatever idirecl|SNiyou  might 


1*^4 


f  * 


*•■' 


*^;-  * 


>. 


fe4jiwMMres4v«^.tf  you  c)i|ip^d 

lied  «ne  of  th«||y  ^.  nii||it  wii- 

ue'^bles,  bedsteads,  or  i||iyj^(W  piece^^f      *^ 

•^^Ainiiitunt  )Mhio)\,»|lX  nearest  i^t  hand, 

with  aU  the  ii^MMiiBe  m . j^  world, 

'thevj^laze.  v  ,^ 

^M  the  inhabltaiits  of  liais  distri«t, 

^0mklBcy^^^p§P^f  excie^di^gLy  wretched. 

1li|i||ig^|>lMto>^Mtodj>MI^^  adyimci^pf 

B|)howeveri»Qpaped,  gn<(L^»)(|j^ 
»icevlainly|M9ledrwidi  a^  Ib^  humanity 

llpiustbe^ffi- 


^-S**^^ 

':?l^^ 


_*. 


£U«d  with  '     / 

it  were  assigped        -JI^^k 

fc||||]iii^e^^]^  die  next  place 
>i^^t^  destnu4^^    ^ 

Lffom^^iniBonM|!Q|dierSi'  ^eednot^ay 
'  *  "^  ser  jmi9|g|r«#]|^ 

l^lfaMLiiiriifeiieYwi'a  cc*^***'"****''"  •«*~^'''*"*'  ■*■ 
t)Qe|f^e»pit<^itM^^c^      wt 
inlp^flilftiSliiestGiij^nii^asfQii^^  *^y 

solSbr  was  instantly  punished.    j||M|^^eve  tiiat      ^^ 
Jli«y  p«it^. Willi  raaayiiajtllies  rath  .r^^ 


.^(•Np, , 


^« 


'^' 


J*? 


1*^. 


m.^%J^.." 


.   ♦ 


^:''^ 


1 

■I 

1 

^^^|n-iL' 

1 

It' 

l'*i        ffi 

^K 

^',        'fli 

^B^* 

r^^    "fl 

^■'?''. 

^H 

^K.A* 

.  -  ^H 

^Bt* 

^'^      9 

Hr4' 

^"-      1 

Hf ' ' 

'« 

^Br°  ^ 

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^Bf'  . 

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14)  lUI^,^jU^^t|f^«]»«Jk^1|[f]^ 

plains  throufi^  A  dresttdcf  the  JBiiiJiPiiiwpoHii 
n^igjli^  resul|,vi&^P  the  an§tf  ,aiid 
man  \vboni.jliie]rt$hould  bring^ci 
,,  Besides  %s^  two  inconv«iMencc% 
have  liyed  ii)  a  coi)|tant  ^eof  leR«r 
In  case^^f  a sucpfiisCul sortie fromlhe 
knew  that  they  would  be  put  to  death  bji' 
countrymen,  fQrreniainingintheir)p|^|b 
the  English  $  whilstupcm  tjbf^  ;pr«sli 
they  could  not  rest  implicit  p 
they  w,ere  bouij^^to  them  by no^  t^iif!.; 
kinged.    Th^y  c^uld  never,  1;h^  ^< 
apprehension,  of  some  sort  o|  other,' noris  it 
to  imagine  ;^3|feelipg  ,mb?je,  di6tcea|ing  lliim|ilit 

of  jQ^inual  $i|be^.    |t  is  true  ^thal,  |^i^^|(|j|dB  oif 

''.'1        ''  .  w*  '    "  ' 

was  tsSsm  fromtbeRii ifR^ 


j^^P* 


in  lieu  of  it  considerably  m 
and  it  is  likewise  tif|;M|^lim|  .i|Mmp 
better  acquainted  .with  the  ii^biideiig|^( 
frequently  invited  to  parts^  or«he«okfieif#jiiiit 
$e|^but  these^were  trifling  advtnt|Lge8«  and 
megj^ufficient  to  compensate  Ibp  the  misi 
by  which  they  were  apcompaniei. 
^;^J  am  vmik  <£  iJN  ^^  ^^f^^i>^* 

n^^|ieidker„iin4dt^  woidd  it  l%ooii9ilfiii«  ^K/i^msih 


i% 


•)^' 


4 


#*Ji^* 


-  present  vi^wsap»frofessioi|»o  to  dof'biighililfitli 
^      I^annot  Hfelj^ofterving,  that>ar,  when jlr^^efl 
^ijfm.        of  its  para^  and  e^icitfnlSiit^  and  sofilMid  d<^ 

Mr* 


K. 


■'^,: 


•# 


"#■ 


#t 


•<,««i,-.'''"''^'\  •<...*.: 


,.«*M*it-' 


>f' 


'^. 


^ 


*. 


'«•. 


Tli^il)!  «i»»t]]^AV4f  IV 


t^' 


.ft 


A 
..*' 


■% 


iz  citctaoitknctB  of  W!ndi  it  is 

*|irt«  Aarflil  ttig.    Otie  expetiencetijo 

Aenbist  spkssdiid  mansiont  con- 

is»  proTided  it  bi6%t'oti  fire  by  our 

dAd  to'didbdge  llife  enemy-;  0hclms 

se  Inireiaclingdowii  ^||n-fields,i^^y- 

},ahd  ruining  in  oni^  d&y  the  labour  of 

as  li^  as  the  hh^ij  tiad  madness  c^ a 

^igtelKi&    ButWheh  this^^h^^  died  aw^ 

leiKDon  die  lavagll  Which  fehk,;! 
ifaiiiited  to  produce,  ttlust  be  e|mr 
j^^  or  lei^-il^  mat).   I  beg,  however,  diat  yott' 
ivlnibt  talis  Ifright,  br  inoariiU^  that  |^am  going 

iiMofst^  m^i&'nd^ 

'prcuiiifi|M^  "tt^  |njpmatiw     exercise 
Jl«/  131(1^  otily  r^krl^l^t^r,  I  beg  leave  to 
nMC«»^\itmark  which  has  Been  often  made  by 
ixiplk^^ieimen,  diat  old  En^lan(ilf  she  were  btit^ 
'*^"ily  aware  oP^it,  has  li^e  caiise  of  si 
JTiUness  diati  any  nation  in  Euirope.    I^' 

countrymen  havei*  ^Bk^,  and  are  still  ^^^ 
mtl%^^urses;and^it|S^iy^^dpnab^         «     «" 
ion^y,  andl^idef^  ourseI#^         V| 
h](KuapftQi^ili^We  ]|^e  au4r  ^ 
Mtd,  are,  ifT  then^jl^es;  no  sl^t 
But Jf  th^  who,  coinnftMb'^  bitterf^  ^fttxfitioi),  d 

Cfe^^^ort  tiiiwWrear  *^  '^ 


'i.^ 


5" 


but*'e; 


tl 


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1     m 


; 


! 


Silp 


ik%. 


'^ 


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• 


♦  . 


.t 


1      ■* 


%. 


'•'■  y> 


r#dMlii^ 


»* 


>» 


■■♦I*-..- 


I  1f|'^  ^^ 


misery  m  having  a  war  brought  home  tolMj^r 
^  doors,  I  am  lusti^en  if  fliey  wouid'not  dtisi 
buy  it  away  agwnjltt  d0ab|s  %  pifc»  #ihr5 
sent  burthens.*;*^epeBd  upon  it,  ^t  ^ 
g^iiqibl^s  are  men  devoliliither  of 
|irinci^  j,in  "^^^^  ^P^f^,^ 

}1»^^^:^A^;  .  .^  V.         

.  .^ut  I  fiBid  tl^^y^itj  of  .^^ 

iccsntiary,  I  amMm^R^^gJfit^^       ' 
^i^H^tasIcan.   Tojp^^c 
|.4haft  here  break,  off,  proinisinp ^^ 
journal,  with  more,  facts  an^^v^r  ^^atiq^ 


,4  ■ 


4 


.^.•.■ 


■^f.t?'*'; 


k&^H 


J* 


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^* 


t)>»Mifr|iJEm:BIIf 

lutely  at  my  own  disposal^  I  took 
loff^reid  passport,  and  pfoceeded 
|i^Ybu  Will  rdidily  belicTe  that  I 
^iiii  feeling  Very  dffieretit  fitnn 
afhoni  traveller.  Havihg  laifl  bbfer«i% 
_  -f(^'!i|)ii$*ar^i^6f  twd'ffionttiVits  sHig^, 
ki  trade,  its  public  building  and  pSfiSl^  Of  attlt)^^ 
ihent  vi^e-to  tkie  objects  ciy  dompa^vely^n)eak<f ' 

iffiosiw.  ItsfoW<^tMHaiid/, 
^q:^/i|lk  truth,  wfenat  I  wa$v}]rinci- 
tiOts  to  dil^ii^^^itherto  I  couid^)i|dge 
1^  Omv  fron^  oiitwiilPi^arances  and  vague 
fmcFiiow  &at  an  6ppi6rtunity  lyas  offered 
mg  with  i^reater  accuracy,  I  confess  thUt; 
^lination  {nxjiinpted  me  to  ^6race  th^topp^-^ 
ity,  rather  than  to  hunt  for  pictures  wmeh  I 
^^ot  value,  Or  fatigue  ji}ywi||{ktt^     by  en<^ 
Hg  ftmscover^e^pji^wf^l^f  architefl^K 
^littE^y  ant  illBbi||pRarcJ[iis.    /  ^, 
tbavealreadii9ed^m}l||^ 

iw  that'^i^f.  t<^tteth£ft'i||>  military 
is  i&(ilii^it^.   'to4D  ao  with 


,jJ*i.flf,*' 


to 


>* 


# 


?6 


i 


i 


I 


>    A 


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3^ 


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*/« 


f  ^1i' 


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rt     <« 


1  .^'tj^Sar     ^*^ 

exactness  and  at  the  same  time  to rendarfeg  d^ 
scriptloij  Wf^te,  khdwI^lgp^HMi 
interesting  toi  nilli  of|<»$,^|3^(^^^^|R  k 
acknowledge  tttpOf  ^c6l^^'^^^^nH|: 
by  wi^  die  obseiTati^''tl41^SS*  wag  aS^^SB 
d#^Aft^or  <h«^bund/a^  tte^  ^ 

<mtim^%  n  >iiot,  ilhi  idei 

4MHtyoitWtoidddegite,    I  ahaU^ 

vo«r  to  flteer  a  mii^^  ib^ 

something  like  a  geneftilfilfeit  „ 

ing^  at  tfie  same  time,  as  nradf ' 

tadmical  tenns,  and  prolix  detstil^ 

MVlib  city  ofBaybnne  stiilids,  as^i^i 

upon  -die  Adiliiir,  About  six  cr  eight 

pdintfi^ere  that  Hver&Us  into  tii^l&f 
.  pcMiiiyiin  or  Sj^ish  bi^^ 

city»  property  so^oalledj  is  bi^t  J  ^ 

distln^e  of  two  or  thiie' jifl^'^ 

perfectly  flat,  and  th#sdtt  sisBy,  ind  \ 

very  productive.  Oii  the  opposite  bal9 

ris^  radier  abrupdy  #om  die  b^k  Sf 

s]Qpiiigti^ward8KlQ^wil«fi<0^ 

sit  iie  pihnade  ii^  which  die  cifild^  i' 

and  whiehli|n^||^ta^ 

dienigh  di44^§^ 

the  ^^b8ii|^||il^^  miti  I 


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pieaented  is,  %tt  of  one  consiobiifile  town,' 
Mi  t  broadiiver  flowing  through  till  middle  of  it. 
^^^ou  will  pi^eife,  even  from  this  short  and  im- 
>pi|iBCt  sketch,  that  its  very  situation  gives  to 
^yiput  a  superiority  over  most  cities;  inasmuch 
•i  If  Mifds  peculiar  facilities  towards  rendering  it 
a  ftlioe  of  great  strength.  On  one  side  there  is  a.. 
pliin,  always  accounted  by  engineers  the  most, 
•cnvflnieot  for.  ||r<  construction  of  fortifications  , 
Oilhe  other  an  elhinence,  lofty  enough  to  com- 
mmd  die  siritounding  country,  and  at  the  same 
time  si^ciently  level  at  the  summit  to  receive  the 
waUs  of  a  fortress,  powerful  at  once  firom  its  posi- 
tion and  regularity.  But  ifae  great  strengdi  of, 
Bayonpe!)^  0^g»  not  rtiore  to  its  original  defences 
dian  tpifie  fittmeroUs  out-works  which  have  lately 
beei»  added  to  it  It  was.aloiig  the  course  of  the 
Adour^you  will  remember,  or  rather  between  the 
Adour  and  the  Nieve,  that  Soult  formed  hiii  famous 
intrenched  camp.  The  right  of  this  chain  of  stu- 
pendous works  rested  upon  the  city,  the  impwtance 
oiiikidti  was  consequently  much  increased ;  and 
ai'jQie)  capture  of  it  would  have  occasioned,  not 
onl^ilie  loss  of  a  town,  but  the:  tiding  of  the 
whole  position,  no  pains  were  spared  in  rendering 
it  as  Miily  impregnable  as  possible.  To  give  you 
some  notion  of  the  nim  aS  ^s&  works  I  will 
describe  the  aspect  wld^iifey|ag^|j|fed  to  myself '^ 
as  I  rode  from  Anglet 


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I  )wd  pt6ce^ded  about  ti  mO«  and  a  halT 
our  advanced^posts,  I  f6utid  myself  in  Irant  of  tki  ' 
first  line  of  defence.  'Phis  conaistad  o^a  balli^ 
mounting  three  eighteen  pounders,  upon  the  t^lfH** 
flanked  by  others  on  each  side|  so  placed  Wi^lH* 
whichsoever  of  tliem  should  be  attaokbd,  NiMltId 
be  defended  by  a  cross  fi^e  from  all  the  rest  ^VhMM 
were  of  course,  additionally  strengthened  ^| 
ditches,  and  felled  trees ;  but  tlviy  were  Opewin 
the  rear;  and  though  Very  fbrmlttble  t»nn  aalll^ 
ing  party,  yet,  nvhen  taken,  could  Have  ImmW 
small  service  to  the  conquerors,  being  thShnadvM 
-  exposed  to  tl\e  fire  of  the  second  line.^  The  siliB^ 
tion  of  this  second  line  again,  was  similar  in  tmgf 
respect  to  that  of  the  first,  being  like^t,  opai&in'lbe 
rear,  and  placed  under  the  guns  of  dlt  toiMi#  llms 
after  having  forced  two  powerful  lines  of  daftmae^ 
die  besiegers  would  find  themselves  almoat«i£ir 
as  ever  fiiom  the  attainment  of  their  objeot^lwlB| 
then  only  arrhred  at  the  point,  where  the  bbeufs 
of  a  siege  could  commence.  v  » ^ 

But  the  maintenance  of  Baymme  aitogeth#tfe- 
pends  upon  keeping  possession  of  the  citiritoK '  As 
the  city  lies  upon  a  plain,  and  that  fbrt^itMlidt 
upon  an  eminence  immediately  above  it,  itis^dear 
that  were  this  taken,  Bayomie  must  either  tttWnder, 
or  be  speedily  tifluaed  to  ttiins.  It  is  tnitlhi^by 
^iSe^troying  «$^ifdetl^ch  ccnnectsiMiii  a0 
communication  ■. 


■#H^'-  *■ 


-f^S^  two  placte^6«ikl  be 

*'•♦     m  .'-lit     i 


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«l  flfffi'M.tfuPtdilihce  from  the  one'lj^lle  bdier 
liiif  iwlviilifff  than  half-tnufiket  shot,  and  the 
,plltB.ti4itm  ta  pointing  directly  down  upon  the 
.^Nliltti  :;Adhwite8  of  the  city,  any  attempt  to  hold 
liHfiMkicftUM  onlir  the  destruction  of  the  town, 
^«i##ii  UBtfvenged  slaughter  of  its  garrison*  Of 
lliaiNiitfiof  iMsthe  French  were,  of  course,  as  much 
]ginsf  as  their  enemies,  ndt-  did  they  neglect  any 
tunm  which  aiiaccurate  knowledge  of  engineer- 
ing could  pofaiitHit,  for  the  defence  of  what  they 
jililiy  coBsidersU  as  the  key  of  the  entire  position. 
frraddMon  to  its  own  very  regular  and  well  con- 
airacted'  fortifications,  two  strong  redoubts  were 
thRMfU  up,  on  two  sides  of  the  fort,  upon  the  only 
sfMMi  of  ground  calculated  for  the  purpose ;  both  of 
Whkih,^I  was'informed  by  my  guide,  were  under- 
mined vandloitded  with  gunpowder,  ready  to  be 
sprang  ai^soon  as  they^  should  fall  into  our  hands. 
They  had  judged,  and  judged  correq|tly,  that  if 
erar  the  place  should  be  invested,  it  would  be 
hen  that  the  trenches  would  be  opened,  and  the 
bfcacfakig  batteries  erected ;  and  they  consequent* 
^r'^iQiide  every  preparation  to  meet  the  danger, 
iriniBli^  great  prudence  and  military  skill  could 
siigtnt 

Bayioiuie^  tfaoag^  a  populous  plape,  does  not 
cover'  so  much  grouqid  ai  bi|$)iitoi4id  be  le<l  to  supf^ 
TpMdL  Likfrn^-Wt^^  tpwn9^i|»  streets,  with 
^^  ^^    ^icm  of  one  iOr  tm),  ^  m  general  narrow, 


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aYidthid^Posailbf^;  butitisWrti|M«ly»id$dnfl» 
whole,  clean  and  neatly  built,    llw^iiuinber'^ 
inhabitants,  I  should  be  mclinvd^d  estimalt 'i*^ 
somewhere  about  thirt]^thous»id,  ex<toiv«  of  the  >. 
garrison,  whidi  at  this  time  amounted  ta  ftwirtiWI'^ 
or  fifteen  thousand  men:  but  as  most/oC thtiHtwik  ^„;  , 
Gee  appear  to  live  in  the  style  of  those  in  thiiflid  "  ,  * 
town  of  Edinburgh,  t^t  is  to  say,  sev^al  undi|g    '^ 
the  same  roof|  though  each  in  a  separate  stcay,^^ 
fiat,  it  is  not  difiicult  to  conceive  ho^^y^spntraw 
to  find  sufficient  room,  within  a  compass  appai^^Hf 
ly  so  narrow.  Of  its  commerce  and  manufactures  I 
can  say  little,  except  that  I  shoirid  notimagmeeitlMHr 
to  be  extensive.    I  am  led  to  ibrm  this  opbion, 
partly  from  having  seen  no  shipping  at  the  wbarib, 
and  partly  because  the  Adour,  though  here  both 
wide  and  deep,  is  renderer^  unnavigable  lo  vMsels 
of  any  size,  by  a  shallow,^  or  bar  at  ite  nwnitb. 
There  was  indeed,  a  sloop  of  war  close  to  the  town, 
but  how  it  got  there  I  am  at  a  loss  to  conceive, 
unless  it  were  built  upon  the  river,  and  constantly 
kept  there,  as  an  additional  protection  against  asur- 
prise  from  the  waten  Theshopsare,however»gp90d, 
particularly  those  where  jewellery  is  sold;  an  93^ 
cle  in  the  setting  and  adorning  of  which  the  Franh, 
if  they  do  not  exceed  us  in  really  substantial  va|iie« 
undoubtedly  surpass  us  in  elegance. 
^  'When  I  had  ta|Len  as  complete  a  fiurvey  of  the 
town  as  I  felt  disposed  tolue^Ieroosed  die  brklge 


< 


■.jitr 


sT»i-rliirifE. 


26 

fliih^iitete  9f  inspecting  this  intMllr^o^ 
llOidiit'  Hcnr^  however,  I  was  disat^pointed,  no 
4inHig^  ^ing  admitted  widiin  its  gates;  but  as 
..^ifftet  was  no  objection  nwde  to  my  reconnoitring 
*il»#Wnwi^ut,  1' proceeded  towards  the  point 
\  #lltt^dtirtrencheshad1)een  dug,  and  where  it  had 
lASiM  diRfigned  to  breach  and  storm  the  place.    To 

«b  I  was  urged  by  two  fj|ptives,  partly  from  the 
»ire  of  obtsuning  die  best  view  possible  of  the 
feitVatid  partly  that  I  might  estamine  the  ground 
^fitn  Which  the  desperate  afl&ir  of  the  14th  of 
Afiffl  tot>k  place.  You  will  recoMect,  that  some 
hours  beforife  day-light  in  the  morning  of  diat  di^, 
a  vigorous  and  well-arranged  sortie  was  made  by 
tie  garrison,  and  that  it  was  not  without  hard 
fitting  and  a  severe  loss  on  both  sides,  that  they 
Were  finaUy  repulsed. 

Mounting  the  heights,  therefore,  I  soon  arrived 
at  St.  Etienne,  a  little  village  nearly,  on  a  level 
with  the  citadel,  and  not  mdre  than  half «  mile 
from  its  walls.  From  this  point  I  could  satisfy  my 
curiosity  to  the  full,  and  as  the  account^^ay  not, 
IMrhapBi  be  uninteresting,  I  shall  descritse  as  well 
aft  I  am  abte,  the  scene  whidh  here  met  my  eyes. 

The  ridge  of  little  hills,  upon  which  the  fort  and 
ViHagfs  are  built,  though  it  rises  by  gentle  gra- 
dation fiN>m  the  sei^  towar^  the  $pot  vi^ere  Ijk>w 
stood,  is  idMV^rthelesft^inte^pted  and  broken  here 
and  that  vi^kh  deep  ghsn^otravines. '  Two  of  diese 


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gleiut,  ope  tx»  thetigfat^  the  othtt  Up  4)t  Kftii^haiii* 
to  occur  immediately  undef  the  rwifMrts  ^  iIm»< 
fortress,  supplying,  in  some  measlve^  the  purpoMi^ 
of  a  ditch,  and  leaving  a  Bort  of  tableoigetevateipf^^ 
aeck  of  land  between  them,  the  extremity  of  mMcII^ 
i$  occupied  by  the  village*    Oti  this  neck  <tfjl»i</,J»'^- 
th0  besieged  had  constructed  one  of  the  redoubfii 
which  I  mentioned  as  ^ving  been  lately  throi 
up,  whilst  on  another  table,  at  the  opposite  side  < 
the  left  ravine,  wrhich  winds  round  iti  tl^  directikHi 
of  the  wall,  as  nearly  as  if  it  were  the  work  of  ai^ 
stands  the  other  redoubt.     Beyond  this  again, 
there  is  a  perpendicular  precipice,  the  hills  therfit 
abruptly  ending :  so  that  on  two  sides  the  vi^alls  o£ 
the  fort  skirt  the  extremity  of  a  bare  rock.     U  \nm 
along  the  outer  ridges  of  these  ravines,  and  through 
the  church-yard  of  St.  Etienne,  that  our  trenches 
were  drawn,  the  village  itself  being  the  jnost, ad- 
vanced Britbh  post ;  and  it.^vie^  along  these  ridge^ 
and  in  ^  street  of  Ihis  village,  that  the  action  of 
the  14th  of  April  was  fought. 

.  It  is  not  my  business,  neither  indeed  is  it  my  in- 
tention, to  relate  the  particulars  of  th^t  afi^f 
The  French,  you  will  remember,  having  contrived, 
in  a  dark  night,  to  elude  the  vigilance  of  ou|f  sen- 
tinels, came  upon  the  piquets  unperceivipd,.  a]^ 
took  them.completejly  by  surpiise.  The  batde  wa^ 
maintained  on  both  sjdes  with  gr^t  det^uiiiQfi^oij, 
and  had.it  no^beei) 


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lipHijlinti  irmilffl  lu^vehad  Utde  cftuse  t0  rejoice  at ' 

4i»  i«»iilt :  for  though  the  losg  of  the  English  was 

^  l^pctuoly  g^eat,  that  of  the  French  was  at  least  not 

ilfttiol*  s  Yet  the  lousiness  was  an  unfortunate  oae 

f^^l^fcoth  parties,  sin^e  before  it  took  place,  Buona- 

<«pite  had  ali^dy  abdicated,  and  the  preliminaries 

«  peace  werie  a^lready  sunied  between  die  two 
tilMlS. 

.  vlfoutid  'the  village,  in  which  the  fighting  had 
|cttn  most  obstinately  maintained,  in  thoicondition 
of  tiHMitvilit^iea  where  such  dramas  have  been  act- 
|pd  lUie  street  had  been  barricaded,  but  the  banri- 
ifcade  was  almost  entirely  torn  down ;  the  houses, 
|M«s^  and  church,  like  those  we  had  passed  upon 
l|iev<mardi,  were  covered  with  the  marks  of  can- 
non and  musket  balls,  whilst  quantities  of  round 
.  and  grape  shot,  of  mufiket  and  pistol  bullets,  bro- 
ken bayonets,  sworos^  &t:c.  8cc.  lay  scattered  about . 
In  every  cUrection.  Nor  were  these  the  onlaffjeviden- 
ces  of  strife  discernible.    In  many  places,-'>-on  the 
pavement  of  the  sfreet,  in  the  church  yard,  but 
above  all,  on  the  floor  of  the  church  itseMy— the 
traces  of  blood  were  still  distinctly  visible.  Beside 
llie  remains  of  the  barricade,  there  stood  a  solitat^ 
fix  pounder,  whi^  had  be6n  taken  and  re-takeii 
1^^  times  during  the  struggle ;  and  I  assure  yoil 
that  a  spnbkling  of  what  looked  like  a  mixture  of 
,f  Mttod  and  brains  upon^its  carriage  and  breech, 


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MARCH  THROVC^  B^TOMNE. 


\J4 


showed  that  it  had  never  been  given  j#4l#0ill 
the  most  desperate  resistance^    The  mounds,  topi 
under  which  the  dead  were  buried,  presented  a  pex^ 
culiarly  striking  ap|>earance,  for  thefiel^  olUuction 
having  been  narrow,  those  that  fell,  fell  iiAheapi 
together,  and  being  buried  jnjthe  same  way,  cnW;^^*;" 
was  led  to  form  an  idea  of  greater  slaughter,  thj||»«>  '<^* 
if  double  the  number  of  graves,  had  been  distillitfi|r' 
quishable  in  a  more  extended  space.  ^f 

Having  now  accomplished  my  wishes  as  iarajsil 
could,  and  beginning  to  feel  somewhat  fotigued 
with  strolling  about,  I  adjourned  to  an  hotel  hi]  the 
city,  from  whence,  in  the  evening,  I  weni.  to  the 
play.  The  house  was  poor,  and  the  performance 
miserable,  consequently  there  was  no  ^eat  induce^ 
ment  to  sit  out  the  whole  of  the  piece.  After 
witnessing  an  act  or  two,  thjgrefore,  I  returned  to 
the  inn,  where  I  slept,  and  a|  an  early  hopr  next 
morning,  rejoined  my  reguilent,  already  undi^ 
arms  and  making  preparations  for  the  ccmtinuance 
of  the  march.  .         ., 

As  it  would  have  been  considerably  out  of  pur 
way  p  go  round  by  the  floating  bridge,^  permisr 

*  The  bridge  here  alluded  to  was  thrown  across 
nie  AdourbyLord  Wellington,  at  the  commencement 
j^{  the  siege.  It  was  Composed  ^  a  number  of  smi^ 
fishing  vessels  fastened  together  with  cords,  abd 
planked  from  one  to  another,  the  whole -^^iii^y  moor- 
ed  about  three  miles  below  Bayonne.    Whether  th« 


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Ibr  snd  gili$|,  td  p^d  directly  . 
lime.    Ifih^  Bayi>ae(&  i&xed,  there- 
liKj^iknd  pMying^  and  colours  ilying,  we  liiftrched 
:•  pfSiij^4fi6  streets  ^il^tftlblty  j  a  tow  proportion  cf .  ^ 
,  '  <ill^A!^o|j^ai|j  dirawn  up  to  reedfve  us,  and  ^, 
\&.itlijl6Kfiirim^<^^^         splectBtbr^,  male  and  (e^%' 
lijie,  eEijgiklo  behold  Ihe  treK)pa  frqria  ^lion^,  noj^^ 
jmil^'^  ttef  probably  iiM  expected  a  visi$  qf  a ' 
^By>»d^ent  nature.    The  scene  was  certaidl^ 
^    i^itW|hSpfr^inough/ai^  th#tra^ 
nJIAA^Ili ttOod  Wffl,  as  singular  as  it  was^dden; 
TKi^^l'mifAnc  that  it  would  be  easV  to  define      . 
Iber  ficnsfltcions  of  either  party,  on  befaig  thus 
sllmngely  brought  !n  contact  with  the  other.   The 
feflUfea,  indesd,  waved  their  handkerchiefs,  whilst 
W#tK)wed  and  kissed  our  hands;  but  I  thought 
I  %)ldd  discOVdr  something  like  a  suppressed 
sc00^t  upon  the  couMtontaes  of  the  militaryr 
^tfWin  it  i%  Ihat  in  Miever  1^ 
0flilR^mirf  be  regarded  by  the  great  ii^  of 
^  na^on,  with  die  army  it  is  by  no  means  popu- 
lar;  aMi!  at  this  tim^  they  appeared  to  c|Hialder  iiil  - 
passage^  O^r^ah  ttoops  through 'diekiiiK#i$ 
ihe^umphal  entran6f»  of  a  victdllsus  enemy. 

As  soon  as  we  had  cleared  die  antrenchmenlsitf^* 
Biq#|ipie»  and  g(»f  b^ond  the^mts^  the  aMi^i^^  ^ 

darnnncttBOf  the  attempt,  orttk  difficulties  surmQUi^    ^j» 
eq  in  |ts  colR^tTbif,  be  ebrisiaered,  the  construction 

extraordinary  actions  of  that  extraordinary  man. 


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peaceful>|md  nibrd'pictbre^ue,  than  iBriy%|iii(i 

;t  mlet  with.    There  wWe  Kd'e  noilgns  <jl%lS^ 

^marks  of  violence.'    The^o6ttli&:es  wereii^^iltt 

^th  honeysi^kle  and  roses^  t|ie  |nidibi^'#SiAs 

)oming  in, the  most  perfect*bra#^^  coni^' 

]^I^Jipin^fj^at  plenty  smd  njc^he^^tHi(l  tiie 

wdle^iNstp^iig  Foiin4>  their  poles  lik6  the 

the  gardens^in  Kent*'?  It  is  imposaJblft^ 

the  feel^  of  absolute  refresliiient,  iil^^^^^ 

sight  StOTed  up  in  one  who,  for  so  {jfttj^  iir;'l|iltei 

had  lodked  upon  nothing  but  ruin  and^d^vtstfttkii. 

It  is  true  that  with  respect  to  gr&ndeuf »  or  ey«Q 

beauty,  the  scenery  through  Vhich  I  now  tiavdr 

led  was  not  to  be  compared  with  tiiie  sublime 

passes  of  the  Pyrenees,  or.  with  many  other  ^KilB 

which  I  had  beheld ;  but  I  confess  that  an  haddet 

uninjured  and  tenanted  te^  own  rude  peasantry, 

a  field  of  Indian  com  exiuiSli^ng  noXvakteful  tmdc 

of  foragers,  nay  a  single  cottage  with  its  flow<i^ 

and  ever- greens  budding  around  it,  \i^as  .at  iSA 

time  a  mere  welcome  object  to  tby  tps^  thpai^^ 

wildest  mountains,  or  most  romantic  VaHey,  dis- 

■<  playing  no  habitations  except  white  tents,  and  no 

"^inhabitants  except  soldiers!.    I  felt,  in  ishort,  aes  if 

>*   I  had  once  more  returned  into  th^  bosom  of,  j^vi" 

^<  lized  and  domestic  life,  alter  having  beq|^for 

many  months  a  wanderer  and  a  savjig^^* 

The^  road  along  whieh  we  proce 


■'ff*'^ 


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..   I 


w 


>> 


M^, 


■«v> 


\* 


i^ 


,  orevtii 
»wimvdir 
I  subliMae 
thertj^ 
in  haiblet 

eful  tiiek 

as  .at  ^tlis 
^  tIsHithe 

ts,  and  no 
hort,  ats  if 


\ 


■•«?"•  * 


"m 


^<C^s*,'  » 


M 

,  and  was  rem^kably  gt>m^  ^.,    ^ 
ed,  on  eiGh;9«^,  irom  the  rays  of  the 


WJ^     V*^.  ' 


#Slt  K^T  o?  <^*t  t»w»  mingled  with  fo;  l^„ 

jpeans,  thoi^  ti^ftday  was  o^|(^w&iii|p 

*^j[i!p^^did  iKj^  iuffer  so  muc^  93  we  shouli^ 

ierwi£ii|^||kne».    Ouc  Qipvh  im,  thtreforcf 

sdingly  a|g;reea|b^^and  we  ca       in,  aboutlf 

prery  lit^  ^tigued,  to  the  village'of  t)idfes, 

srf  ^e  tents  were  pitphec^  and  w^tshiainld  till 


•4 


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LETTElt  m. 

'•     ■    '  .     '■   I. 


.-r-- 


v^-i*' '  ,*■ 


.  "^i  Th  e  dawn  was  just  begifiiuiig''to  appear*  ^^^W*  -  ^'  ' 
; .    ' '    .  Viip  hv^OA  sounded,  and  the  tents  *efe  struck*  Fc      ' 

^*   ^  the  first  few  |iaguesA  our  route  to-dayresen^l 

that  of  yesterday,  in'ahnost  evei;y  particulars  jGk>e¥^ 
*'  was  th^  asiijpae  appearance  of  peaceful  qui^t»  uie 

'•  same  delightful  interniingling  of  woods,  (^ci^<>fi^KiSy 

vineyards,  and  pasture ;  but  we  had  not  proceeded  . 
far,  when  a  marked  difference  was  perceptible ; 
.  "  every  step  we  trod,  the  soil  became  more  and  mpre 

sandy,  the  cultivation  less  frequent,  and  the  wood 
ill  ""     more  abundant,  till  at  last  we  found  ourselves 
marching  through  the  heart  of  an  iminense  forest 
of  pines.  We  had  diverge^^i  appeared,  from  ^e; 
''  4k. ^  main  road,  which  carries  the  traveller  through  a.*'^ 

rich  and  open  country,  and  were  pursuing  anqj^er^^ 
^'  through  the  middle  of  those  df^erteanc^wannahs 

which  lie  towards  the  coast,  a  district  kno^n  by  the 
name  of  les  Landes.  There  was  something,  if  not 
'    %  beautiful,  at  least  new  and  striking,  in  the  scqneiy 
l4ji^  ^  now  around  us.  Wherever  the  eye  turned,  it  was  met 
V^        by  one  wide  waste  of  gloomy  pine-trees ;  diveffii- 


^,|l  fied  now  and  then,  by  the  unexpect^  appearuice 
of  a  modest  hamlet,  which  looked  as  [i^it  W^  the. 


f. 


V 


V: 


^m. 


W ■'%'->' 


* 


..»' 


abo#  ilf  .lHvinowly  arrived  settlers^  in  a  country 
l^^iirifrrniil  of  humiit  habitations. 
^0^  I  tc^^pHitiaaft  the  detail  of  a  long  mvch 
thfQ^theseborwn  regions,  I  should  soon  fatig^  ^^ 
wMknit' amusing  you;  I  shall  therefore  contenlr 
niyself  with  olwtfving,  that  day  after  day  tM  same  *: 
4||i«4a7  prospect  presented  itse)f,  varied  by  the  oc-  ^. 
occurrence  of  huge  uncultivated  plains,  ', 
iich  apparently  chequer  die^  forest),  at  certaiii:. 
interval  Hfdi  spo%  of  stunted  and  unprofitable 
pwtu^ge;  upcxi  these  there  were  usuattrHl^s  of 
sheM^^gfiling,  in  the  mode  of  watchm^iirhich, 
the  peasants  fuliy  evinced  the  truth  of  the  old  pro- 
verb, that  necessity  is  the  mother  of  invention. 
Ido  not  know  whether  the  practice  to  which  I 
2J3ta^  be  generally  known,  but  as  it  struck  me 
at  very  remarkable,  I  shall  offer  no  apology  for 
relating  it 

_  You  must  obsuerve,  lliat  the  whole  of  this  dis- 
tikt  is  a  perfect  flat^  containing  scarcely  a  kndl  or  > 
i||ininenc&  of  any  sort,  as  fiur  as  the  eye  Ctai  reach.^' 
Ih  ad^ti^  to  this,  the  vast  plains  where  the  shee^. 
aicfed,iii4l^y  of  which  extend  two  or  three  leagues 
in  eveiyHdirection,  produce  not  so  much  as  a  fir 
tfee,  hgr  cUmboig  which-,  a  man  might  see  to  anj|pf 
its  cxtvemilaes  t  and  the  consequence  is,  dia\  the 
slu^erds  ate  constantly  in  danger  of  losing  then- 
dwij^  as  one  loses  sight  of  a  vessel  at  sea,  in  ^ 
dtttande^    To  remedy  dsb  evily  thdy  have  fallen 


^ 


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Jp,A   */.* MARCH  TO  BOUtbEA^,..  \  A 

upon  a  plan  not  more  umple  than  inganioiis ;  m^ 
all  walk  upon  stilts,  exactly  similar  to  th^  wi||| 
which  our  school-boys  amuse  themsej^tres;  thflonly 
difference  is,  that  whereas  tlie  school- Bo^s^^jj^ti.: 
are  seldom  raised  above  ten  or  twelve  inciht9  from 
the  grdbnd,  those  of  the  French  peasants  are  ti$» 
vated  to  the  height  q/[  six  or  eight  feet  ,  ^ 

.  When  we  first  caught  a  glimpse  of  these  figure!^ 
It  was  in  the  dusk  of  the  morning;  for  a  whiles  w9 
were  willing  to  persuade  ourselves  tl|Bt  this  ^laze 
had  d^c^ved  us,  by  seeming  to  enlarge  bodiealMM 
yond  tneif'real  dimensions ;  but  when  Mrcyklpk^ 
at  the  trees,  we  saw  them  in  their  own  proper  size^ 
nor  could  we  suppose  that  the  atmosphere  woifld 
have  effect  upon  one  object,  which  it  had  not  upon 
another ;  yet  there  appeared  to  be  no  other  way  of 
accounting  for  the  phenomenon,  unless  indeed  th^ 
wild  country  was  the  parent  pf  a  race  of  giants,  ^ 
the  men  whom  we  saw  resembled  moving  towifii 
rather  than  mortals.  I  need  not  observe  that  our  vi*. 
tonishmept  was  very  great;  nor  in  fact  was  it  mucl||p 
diminished  when,  on  a  neareBapproacH,  we  disco- 
vered  the  truth,  and  witnessed  the  (igiiity.  with 
which  they  moved,  and  the  ease  with  which  they 
wq||ld  stoop  to  the  ground,' pick  up  the  smallest 
articlb,  anrj^tand  upright  again.  But  if  we  admimd 
the  s^  of  one  or  two  individuals,  our  admiratipii 
ro|;^to  a  still  higher  pitch,  when  we  ^w  crowds  of 
^em  together,  all  equally  skilful;  till  they  int 


•■  p-^. 


••  ■>■ 


4^ 


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4. 


^^ 


X. 


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.  ♦ 


IbriMdNjI/liMlH^  thing  was  not  an  amusement, 
lUr  Mversally  phMlliaed  for  the  purposip  1  have 

stated;*        * 

'    '■>  ^Bieaides  this,  I  know  nothing  in  the  custohns  of 
this  ist>lMed  people  at  aU  worthy  of  notice,  unless, 
r  faideed,  it  ^  their  method  of  supplying  themselves 
Vtrith  lights.    Being  coniplelely  cut  of  from  the 
^Jlst  of  the  world,  it  is  not  in  their  powers  except 
^^hen  once  or  twice  a  yAr  they  travel  to  the  near- 
est to#ns  nvith  their  wool,  to  purchase  candles  $ 
andi  as  they  have  no  notion  how  the|#jcan  be 
tta&i'^y  substitute  in  their  room  a  Hmp  fed 
with  the  turpentine  extracted  from  the  fir  trees, 
tlie  whole  process  is  simple  and  primitive :  to 
obtain  the  turpentine,  they  cut  a  hole  in  the  tree, 
and  fasten  a  dish  in  it  to  catch  the  sap  as  it  oozes 
througllf  and  as  soon  as  the  dish  is  filled,  they 
|Nit  a  wick  of  cott<m  into  the  midst  of  the  liquor, 
« and  bum  it  as  we  do  a  lamp ;  the  light,  indeed^  is 
'hot  of  the  most  brilliant  nature,  <  but  it  is  at  least 
better  th^  none;  and,  as  they  have  fir  trees  in 
abund||Klk:e  within  their  reach,  there  is  no  dangip 
of  their  pU^being  quickly  exhausted.  r     ' 

But  I  begin  to  appr^end,  that  if  these  minute 
detai^  continue  much  longer,  you  will  b4|as 
much  tired  in  perusing  the  account  of  this  march, 
as  I  was  in  its  performance.  Permit  me,  then, 
to  hurry  ovl&r  the  following  week,  during  the 
^  whole  course  dlwhich  the  same  sc^ni^ry  and  ad- 


a: 


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■  'if 


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k'Ji<lt.:ji^;«a 


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>  / 


s. 


^^H^JtS    & 


< 


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MARCI  TO  SOUlBi   VK>.V 


m 


f' 


it 


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V." 


1^ 


i, 


)^1 


V-    ''^ 


.-»  *-<  ■ 


I      ! 


>ji,  ventitfes  occyrr^;  and  to  darrf  TflM'-fbrwitf^td 
the  morning  of  the  twenty-thirdi  when  at  last  111 
began  to  emerge  from  the  forests,  and  to  finid  our* 
selves  once  again  in  a  inore  open  countty.  At 
finty  however,  it  cannot  be  said  that,  wMi  respect 
to  beauty,  the  change  was  greatly  for  ilhe  bettar^ 
tUpon  the  borders  of  the  deserts,  there  is  a  little' 

^  village  called  Le  Barp,  where  we  spent  thd  ni{ 
of  the  twenty-second;  from  whence,  till  you  arriv^ 
at  a  place  called  Belle- Vue,  th6  coimiiy  is^nctly 
in  that^^i|te  which  land  assumes  when  nature  hai 
begun  tS  lose  ground,  and  art  to  gain  it-^When  the 
wild  simplicity  of  the  one  is  destroyed,  and  dte 
rich  luxuriance  of  the  other  has  not  yet  btieli 
superinduced.  So  far,  therefore^  we  proceeded, 
regretting,  rather  than  rejoicing  that  we  had  quitted 
the  woods ;  but  no  sooner  had  we  attained  that 
point,  than  there  burst  upon  us,  aH  on  a  sudden;  a 
prospect  as  gloriously  fertile  as  ever  delighted  tlie  ^ 
eyiss  of  a  weary  traveller. 

Instead  of  boundless  forests  of  pine/thelrhole 
face  of  the  country  was  now  coir<tred  wm  vbie- 
yards,  interspersed,  in  the  most  exquisifi^jand  taste- 
ful manner,  with  com-fielcb  and  meadows  c^  the 
riciiest  pasturage.  Nor  was  there  any  deficiency  "^ 
of  timber;  a  well-wooded  chateau,  with*its%iwn 
and  plantations,  here  and  there  presenting  i|self, 
while  quiet  hamlets  and  solitaij  cottages^  scat- 
tered sin^  great  abundance  over  we  scene,  g!#ft  ^ 


■4U 

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liij&iitf^'*"'^'  ^^if<^  ^"^ I^osp^nty,  exceed- 
ing^ tewiiehing.  Had  them  fe»etfn  but  the  afldition 
d^m^ium'twer  flowing  throufvh  the  midst  of  it,  and 
ha4  dMi^groMd^een  f^fti^hat  more  broken  into' 
hilMmdydater  I  should  have  prdnounced  it  the  most" 
i'tnohnitini^iprbtpect'Of  the  kind  I  hud  ever  be- ^ 
/Ilt^tMit,  unfortunately,  tioth  these  wistt  wanting.  ^ 
vThcMigk  the  effixct  of  a  first  view,  therefore,  was 
sIlik^SlM)  delightful,  and  though  to  the  last  one 
cc^idfl.not  he^  acknowledging  the  richness  of  the* 
laiu^ai^  its  high  state  of  cultivation,  it^Jbefluty 
SQcyi  b^lMi-to  pali.     The  fact  is,  that  an  immense 
plliPy  however  adorned  by  the  labour  of  man,  is 
noMitobject  upon  which  it  is  pleasing-to  gaze  for 
aigfvlvngth  of  time;  the  eye  becomes  wearied  witH 
th«,^.caUei^|(f  its  own  stretch,  and  as  there  is  ho 
bouQdarjMit^tha  horizon,  the  imagination  is  left  <4 
1o,piptiire;9'i.CQ|(itiiiuance  of  the  same  plain,  till  it 
bOBWiTKi'i?  as  tM|d  of  fancying  as  the  eye  is  of  looking. 
Besiddi^  w^  were  not  long  i.i  discovering  tfiat  the 
yintyw^  were  unworthy  to  be  compared,  in  point 
ofvl^VlJiint  apf^e^nce.  with  those  of  Spain  and*^ 
the  ,|iv»e.  ^lal^n  re^^ions  of  France.     In  tins 
in[^i|{)|lii>ur^po4  tM  vine^is  not  permitted  to  grow 
li$%.gi^p|tec  heipr'  '     ^an  three  or  four  feet  from  th#  p 
grp^lj^||wbfr<      <    jpain^  and  on  die  borders,  it ' 
climbs,  )^^t|il^  ..op-plant  in  £ngknd,  to  the  top 
of.  high  pAsiBf  aod  hangs  over  from,  onf  row  tg^'  v 
iiltllicr^  in  the  nu«^  gracef^fesiQpnsw    Iii^sp^l|^>^ 

F  ^     •         ■       ■• 


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38 


BOlTRDkAVX* 


TiV 


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vy- 


-•>■ 


tKese'dBjeei|nis;  however,  iio  oM  eoiild  dl>  ottlier- 
wise  thttn  admit,  that  the  change  we  had  expert 
ehced  AVas  agreeable,  and  we  continued  ta  move  oti 
with  greater  alacrity,  till  it  was  evident  fiom  the 
increasing  number  of  seats  and  villas,  that  W)e  wete 
rapidly  approaching  the  vipinity  of  Bourdeaux.  ^'' 

^  Nor  was  it  long  before,  the  towers  and  buiKli!n|^ . 
of  that  magnificent  city  began  to  be  discertdbliln'^ 
the  distance.  Prompted  by  I  know  ndl  1>^hat  iini- 
pulse,  we  almost  involuntarily  quickimedoliriiyce 
at  the'^ght,  and  in  a  short  lime  readied  the  sub- 
urbs, which,  like  those  of  Inost  Frenth  td4lis,'8re 
composed  of  low  houses,  inhabited  by  the  po(M^ 
and  meanest  of  the  people,  tiere  We  halfed^f' k 
few  minutes  to  refresh  the  men,  when  haviilgigaKlh 
resumed  the  line  of  march,  we  advano|d  under  a 

*  magnificent  triumphal  arch,  ori^^Hj^V^ote^ln 
honour  of  Napoleon,  but  now  ii#^b^  iiHtlt^lhfe' 
name  of  the  DukeD'Angouleme,:fi[i^orha#itf^ 
with  garlands  of  flowers.  Passing  :%n#^  iM^i  "^ 
(proceeded  ak)hg  one  or  two  haiiidjiolfffe  'StnldN,  W  - 
we  reached  the  Military  HospilMi  It  large  ittd^txlifljt*^ 
il^odious  structure,  fitted  IDtp  fM»lltt  fttiiei^^onbf 
several  thousands  of  sick/ whiii^  k  VNi^  M^i^ 
that  we  should  spend  the  iilgt^.  I***  «^^  *  % 
The  eity  of  Bourdeat^  has  beeni'lfiMi'ofWIi^ 
scribed^  and  is  too  weU  knOM^  tofi^Qd  «6^the1@M 
of  mycpCintry^n^  to  renderanyiiKlMl^il^ 

M\  ne1eia9#f  liKim  me^^#ll«  ^m^^miii. 


■  r. 


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Gourde Avji..  ,  89^ 

■^      .'  "^  ot  .    ' 
ev4pl9edierwiBe3  ci&nfess  that  my  onuMrtunities  of 

examiningit  were  not  sufficient  to  authorize  my; 

efitecjngxupcn  such  an  attempt.  The  whole  extent  t 

c^Qur  aqjoi^^n,  was  only  during  the  remainder  of  -^^ 

that  day  ^d  it  was  pUst  nooD  before  we  got  in) 

and  the  ensuing  night  $  a  space  of  timi^  which  ad-  - 

flitted  of  no  mcnre  than  a  hurried  stroll  diroughi^^ 

J^me  oS  the  principal  streets,  and  a  hasty  visit  to 
such  ^iNt^c  buildings  as  are  considered  most 
worthy  of  iottentipn.  The  palace  of  the  Duke 
SPAngoulemiB,  the  Military  Hospital,  the  Theatre, 
and  tl^  Ca&edral,  Jie  all  remarkably  fine  of  their 
kind;  while  i^  public  gardens,  the  Exchange, 
4riiifiishicHiab|e  promenades,  are  inferior  only  to 
those  of  Pari^  itself.  <         ^ 

But,  i^aps,  you  will  be  inclined  to  think,  that  % 
had  my  l^xirtunities  been  ever  so  great,  and  my  i 
l^tet  liar  4o|Bnp(tion  ever  so  lively,  I  might  on  the 
pfMcnt  occasiott  be  spared  the  proof  of  the  one, '^^ 
and*  4ie  exhibition  of  the  other;  nay,  it  is  very  pro- 

^%WM^t  you  wiU  not  read  even  thus  far,  without  i 
Bwkigii^sposed  to  remind  me,  that  my  journal  was  | 
promise<|to  berime,  not  c^a  progress  through  dM 
Soutbof  Fraap^  li^  i#tlie  campaigns  in  America.  = 
#et  HMl^candillle^then,  that  you  will  be  satisfied 
to  coniutt-aipe  other  tourist,  for  a  complete  de- 
«€i^tion  of  lAda  metropolis  of  the  southern  pro- 
viM^,  ani  m  tbe  mean  time  to  follow  mC)  whilst  «r 
*t«Rl«lvour,  in4|8  few  words  as  J^^bf<i|i^ 


-^ 


4     ^. 


4^ 


■^' 


W^ 


■t 


■diK. 


V* 


^ 


»* 


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^ 


^i 


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■K. 


■#sj^ 


10   ■•■ 


h 


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t 


40 


* 


UACMJi 


*' 


\ 


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J 


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^' 


.«.'• 


over  a  detail  of  the  remainder  ^f  Qur  jouiiwy' 
towards  the  shipping*  'f 

*i  At  an  early  hour  next  momir^*  we^wore  again 

'in  motion,  and  proceeded  to  an  extensive  common, 
near  the  village  of  Macau,  about  three  leagues  from 
Bourdeaux,  where  we  found  a  considerable  force 
already  assembled.  Judging  from  the  number  of  , 
tents  upon  the  heath,  I  conceive  that  there  could;*^ 
not  be  fewer  than  eight  or  ten  thousand  fn^n,  the 
whole  of  whom  we  naturally  eon^uded  'i|sre 
destined  for  the  same  service  with  oiirselves.  Tl» 
sight  was  at  onpe  pleasing  and  encouragii^, 
because  there  could  be  no  doubt  that  such  a 
p  power,  ably  commanded,  would  carry  every  $img 

■  before  it. 

^,ij>In  this  situation    we  continued j  wUhout  the 

^occurrence  of  any  incident  deseryingV  notiee, 
till  the   27th,  when  an  order   surifed  foe  tlUB 

1^  officers  to  dispose  of  their  horsiBS  withcMit  dc^fE.?*^ 
This,  as  you  may  suppose^  was^ftie  at  an«««fnQr<>^ 
mous  loss :  and,  on  the  inorning  of  the  S^Et^Sl^ 

.  we  set  forward  touards  the  point  c#  en^iai^ 
lion.    But,  alas !  in  the  numbers  aHott^^ibi^the 

i  trans-atlantic  war,  we  fou|^^  o^||<8#li^  ^ievously 
disappointed,  since,  insteadof  lH^li^ole  wisioiHr 
only  two  regiments,  neidier  of  thenpverjr  sti@fi||^ 

^were  directed  to  move ;  it  was  not  Our  bus^MB> 
4^  however,  to  question  the  wisdon>^>|||F  measure 

ira<iyMd  by'^  superiors,  an^#e  acoor^^iiyl^* 

^^^  /=^^' 


«. 


■# 


*;^ 


''^. 


'\f>  -  -  • 


:.^^ 


«* 


h 


JtA-MOt. 


41 


*<J' 


m^ 


nuffohed  on  m^as  ni^  spirits,  as  if  we  had  been 
followed  by  the  entire  Peninsular  army, 
tf^l^e  remainder  of  our  joivney  occupied  two 
days,  nor  dof I  ever  remember  to  have  spent  a  si- 
milar space  of  time  with  greater  satisfaction ;  our 
rcHite  lay  through  some  of  the  most  fertile  districts 
in  Fisuice,  passing  Chateau  Margaux,  famous  for  its 
wine,  with  other  places  not  inferior  to  it  either  in 
riohnfist  cff  soil,  or  in  beauty  of  prospect  The 
wc^erw^  delightful,  and  the  grapes,  though 
not  yet  riw,  were  hanging  in  heavy,  bunches 
ftomlh^vineftj^  giving  promise  of  much  wealth 
toijcoipe ;  the  hay  season  had  commenced,  and 
^^nerous  groupes  of  happy-lopking  peasants 
were  busy  in  every  field ;  in  short,  it  was  a 
march  w?Qn  which  I  shall  never  look  back  with- 
out pi jHire«t<; 

'^:lf^,'iEhe  close  of^the  first  day's  progress  brought  uss 
t%  a  village  called  La  Moe,  beautifully  situated 
witH^in  vieMf  of  #ie  majestic*  waters  of  the  C^ronne. 

,^i  ^ere,  Ipr^^the  fi|'st  time  since  we  quitted  Bayonne, 
4||pre^eq!i|artere4;  upon  the  inhabitants;  a  measure, 
whicll  jt^e  lo^  pf  our  tents  rendered  necessary. 
l^lui|r;^|tsisreiyjpd  u»  with  so  much  frankness,  and 

^  lrie«t||;  u$  jiK^  so  much  ciyility,  I  had  almost  said 
J(iednessr  li^  it  was  not  without  a  feejing  of  some- 
t)liiig.likc^^^P^(„thatwe  parted  from. them.  The 
sfi^d  d^y  cabled  us  to  Pauliac^^p  ioconsiiderable 
tpcn  uposi  the  (?ao]lts  of  the  s^unfimer,  whil^  we 


-^ 


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m^ 


*^^: 

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ev 


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if^^.^'*^ 


J 


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It? 


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42 


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f^ 


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;? 


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found  mts  ready  to  convoy  us  to  the  sbipfHtig^ 
"which  lay  at  anchor  to  receive  us. 
'  To  embark  the  troops  in  these  boatSv  and  to 
huddle  them  on  bcKard  two  dirty  Kttle  transports, 
occufMed  some  time,  and  the  provoking  part  of  the 
business  was,  that  all  this  trouble  was  to  be  gmie 
^ough  again.  The  men  of  war,  in  whiotiwe 
were  to  cross  the  Atlantic,  could  not  come  up  so 
high  for  want  of  wr:er;  and  on  this  acicpunr  it 

,    .i- 

was  that  these  transports  were  sent  as  piissage  l^gitfli 
to  carry  us  to  th(pi.  The  wind  howvn^  ^zT^fdvA, 
aAd  blew  so  strong,  that  the  maiafers  WfkiSBt  not 
venture  to  hoist  a  sail:  consequently  we'  were 
obliged  to  endure  the  misery  of  a  crowd  in  asiriaUl 
vessel  for  two  nights  and  a  day  ;  nor  was  it'  tiU 
past  noon  on  the  31st,  that  we  were  finaUK  settled 
V    1     in  His  Majesty's  ship of  ^4  ^ms.     i 

f     ?L,.  -A'  Having  now  arrived  at  the*point  from'  wheiic#» 

f     perhaps,  I  ought  more  properly  to  have  set  oUt^ 

I  am  unwilling  to  occtipy  your^i^e  bf  c6tkipa> 

risons  between  the  Garonne  and  th^  Thames,  or  « 

even  by  an  account  of  the  scendy  visi^frolki  t|l| 

>.    .  deck  of  the  ship.  I  would  rather  entisr  at  once  iti(6 

my  proper  subject,  by  detailings  the  porticulirs  df 
the  force,  both  military  and  naval,  W^ohdont|lb8W 
this  expedition ;  but,  as  my  tetter  j|ps  alroM^ 
swelled  to  rather  an  uncommon  bulli|*l^}ldd$^ 
this  relation  tilt  another  opporttinit)^,  :wlifch  liitn  ' 
to  b#' without  during  ^tfieidftniess\i|pd 


«    V 

V4« 


not 
tsedium 


voyage. 


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jji^'.,. 


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I 


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I  to 

arts, 

rthe 

rone 

1  we 

ipso 

Btit 

I  not 
were 
9«iatt 
htffl 
gttled 


'."- 


■4 


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=^^ 


W^ir 


^fi '«.    «  LETTER  IV. 

^*4N  the  leisure  which  I  anticipated  during  the 
•vbyage,  I  have  not  been  disappointed ;  nor  do  I 
(Jbnceivt  that  it  can  be  better  occupidl  than  in  ftfli  ^ 
fillldg  the  promise  made  in  my  last,  of  describing 
to  yoQ  the  nature  and  number  of  the  force  em- 
ployeitijfX>n  the  present  expedition ;  as  v/ell  as  in 
n^ing  flotnfe  of  the  most  interesting  events  which 
hai^  Occurred  during  our  progress  towards  the 
ptei^Wour  destination.  ■  ^ 


^^^ 


ri 


m. 


•I- 


yy- 


*   <i 


•,  »V 


^ 


<'  The  ^d  army,  then,  is  composed  of  three  bat|^  •:  . 


tUXvxns  ir  infantry,  the  4th,  44th,  aiid  85th  regi* 
imSfits ;  the  t\vo(former  mustering  each  about  eigM; 
iMBidred  bayon^^  the  last  not  more  than  ^x  hun- 
^^^  dreit    In  addition  to  these,  there  are  two  officers 
»  c;f%ighieers,  a  brigade  of  artillery,  a  detachment 
^     ii|aftppe;$%id  miners,  a  party  of  ^^ 

with  m  due  f^porlsion  of  officers  belonging  to  the 
,«  ;ltfedM  ind  Commiasarlat  departments.    The 


» 

i- 


.<*. 


'\ 


t\ 


cannot  be  computed  at  more  thati 
^    <»»  th^ijprl  five  hundred  men,  if  indeed  it 
I/'  mmduiits  to  M>  great  a  mimber;  and  is  under  the 
H^frnnand  of  li^ajor  General  Ross,  a  veiy  gallant. 


:4 


'«•;>..* 


leader. 


^i 


^  : 


^jf 


4>i- 


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m- 


The  fleet,  again,  consist  c^  the  Hioyal  Oall^'^ 
74  guns,  bearing  the  flag  of  Rear  Admiral  Mai- 
combe ;  the  Diadem  and  Dictatfn",  two  sixty-fours,"^ 
armed  en  flute,  the  Pomone,  Menelaus,  Trave, 
Weser,  and  Thames,  frigates,  the  three  l&st  armed 
in  the  same  manner  as  the  Diadem  and  Dictator; 
the  Meteor  and  Devastation,  bomb  vessels^  to- 
gether with  one  or  two  gun  brigs;  making,  in  alf, ' 
a  squadron  of  eleven  or  twelve  ships  of  war,-  with 
several  store  ships  and  transports.    •  4  .  .. 

On  board  the  Royal  Oak  are  r  embarked '^^ 
General,  with  his  stafi^,  and  the  artillery;  thi  Trav% 
and  Wejser  are  filled  with  the  4th  ;  die  44th  ttiplf 
divided  between  the  Dictator  and  the  jThaiiiil^  in,^ 
the  first  of  which  ships  are  also  the  Enginiisera; 
the  85th  occupies  the  Diadem:  and IlKik jest  Ire 
scattered  through  the  fleet,  parflyiiv^tfiewicn  itif**^" 
war,  and  partly  in  the  transports.^  »^^ 

'    As  soon  as  the  troops  were  fioidly  setdlid^  wtil 
all  the  baggage,  and  the  vessels  shotted  for  tfiei# 
accommodation,  the  sigisai.wtti  mMt  to  weigh  | 
but  the  wind  being  adverse,  and  the  i|ip||ktion  j|)f .; 
the  Garonne  far  from  simple,  it.cbuld  not  be  ob^ ' 
ed  with  safety.   Every  tl»i%t  theri||>ie^i'9fnl%<i^ 
quiet  till  tlie  evening  of^t^^M  of  Jur%  vr^w  *y;**  * 
the  gale  moderating  a  little,  the  aii|^  weil#      ,j^ 
laisttd,  and  the  sails  hoisted.  The|ide  W  be|lN» 
^tllglto  ebb  wj[ien  this  was  done. 


*.  • 


driCted  gradually  on  their  coursK;  Jii^ 


■%. 


.-wj*'- 


«y™ij* 


\ 


4f  i»i 


i 


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:^- 


St.* 


ifi 


S 


ST.  VxICH ail's. 


.4*. 


''  beil^1SiiQ^#er^4yi«e2e-shifting^  blew  ^treetly  in 
Ijiek'  stems,  When  they  s0od  gallantly  to  sea, 
cleanng  4iei  river  before  dark;  and,  as  there 
was  no  lull  durmg  the  whole  of  the  nighty  by 
dsy 'break  the  coast  of  France  was  not  to  be 
dncemed.  All  wat  now  one  wide  waste  of  waters, 
as  fiw  as  the  eye  could  reach,  bounded  on  every 
side  by  the  distant  horizon;  a  scene,  which,  though 
at  first  it^must  strike  with  awe  and  wonder  a  person 
tnutiscustotned  to  it,  soon  becomes  insipid,  and 


.t 


v*,^ 

H 


r  •(■ 


eveli.  wearisottoe,  from  its  constant  sameness. 

It%^  vky  design  to  amuse  you  with  an  ac- 
Qopnt^th^i'tbrio^s  expedients  adopted  by  lands- 
"^  j|M^Ml^  board  of.  ships  to  kill  time,  nei&fer  do  I 
isuppCfe  that  you  would  thank  me  for  a  #anscript 
^*S  4»''  ^  **  l*^"^^^*  relative  to  the  chaises  in  the  wea-  f^ 
1  \dfjiife^^*'  aniel^'tate  of  sailing.    I  shall  only  observ^  '  ^ 


,"%>     ■*> 


4 

w 


^peforef  ^at  wi^  few  interruptions,  the  fair  wind 
tl|itcartied:^s  oii^l^Qf  the  Garonne,  did  not  leave  \k 


yi^^  ^  ftf  |na^eent|^  when,  by  calculating  the  ship's 

^    ^.sityifetiofh  it  appe»re<^  that  the  Azores,  or  Western 

^   i^ncte,  -^IMd  not  bieve^r  distant  Nor,  as  it  turned 

^  '^'**6uV*  weff^^mese  calcuj^ns  incorrect ;  for,  on 

\  ■^jsceiK^fllg  the  deck  n<^^Tming,  the  first  object 

^  tJia^fiet  oMff jes  jKf^^^ig  jand  of  St.  Michael's, 

'tll|pgr^|^j§;^co]|ection  of  blue  cbuds,  put  of  the 

ifh  a  prospect  before^m*  ypu  i^ay. 

ne  Jut  mlt^mation,  when  wc  found  our- 

'  :0I^,  deaMted  by  the  breeze  vvhicft  had,,i||eg|||? 


# 


^ 


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G 


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^ 


,     t 


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A, 


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f 


»  .1- 


i" 


sr.  uicaAi^L's. 


so  lifiiibnhly  favoured  iis«  tmd  lyiiifitltiotkiBhil'; 
as  logs,  under  the  inftuence  of  a  detd  calm.  Oitr 
voyage  was  'certainly  not  to  be  con^Mied  to-  tot 
of  Nearchus  among  the  ancients,  of  Cohiitibul»  in 
the  middles  ages,  nor  yet  to  those  of  Cooke  ttr 
Anson  in  more  modem  times,  but  it  hadbeenhx^ 
vough  to  produce  an  hearty  ^like  to  the  confine- 
ment of  a  ship,  and  a  strong  desire  to  be  once1nM« 
(Ml  terra  firma.  Under  these  circumstances,  the 
delay  of  even  a  single  day  might  be  liobkedi  lipoid 
as  no  slight  misery,  by  men  wh0  had  laid  ^clr  ac- 
count with  reaching  a  friendly  port  within  a' few 
hours ;  {ind  you  may  be  assured,  th|lihatiy  bitter 
complittits  against  the  inconstancy  df  the  Jifie^ihef, 
sufficiently  attested  that  such  vns  the  p^irlt  of 
^ view  in' whidh  it  was  regarded.         ;#*;  ' '*f  ' 


at. 


ij    « 


A 


'*■ 


But  the  injustice  of  these  complaials  v^ett 


1. 
Ml 


evident,  for  before  mid-day  the,bree2{#freshe#|^  ;>t54 
again,  sending  us  every  momentnead^  tp  ihcj^-  iPl>  r 
jeet  of  our  wishes.    As  soon  asgwe  cdAtrlVira  t»  vf^ir 
double  the  projecting  head-lai^,'«^ch  Iiad  a^||k 
ed  our  attention  in  the  morning,  our 
one  of  much  interest  andT  pleasure, 
neared  thi!  shore  conside|«ibljl^,  aild  Were  iii6viii| 
at  a  rate  sufficiently  rapi^^<o<  prevent  jftirtli0'^i»- 
pining,  ^ndlat  the  same  tinie  slo^  iini|u|l|  to;P^' 
«n|La  distinct  and  calm  survey  oiy|jWi^ch,iP^ 
*^3he  numerous  villages,  seats,  atiS^r^^"'"''*^* 


•v.jr* 


i 


*•  '».< 


;■«» 


•am  m 


W 


'!h.* 


■:tm^-' 


0^ 


'ift' 


,¥* 


i.jit.   ■vibTMiUiit'Mfkii 


•rf 


||^. 


A»<. 


¥■ 


ST.  «M0iiA«|.'t. 


"-f^ 


V' 


4 


•^IMmIwpiM^  Mkiliael  is  mountainous,  cvon 
'Vt^^e  ,^eiy  «<%}  oC  the  watef^  l^mJhe  heights, 
^bipp§^  |q<*y^  dQ  pot  present  a  rugp^  or  barren 
s^jpe^imKi^  *^Here  and  there,  indeed,  bare  rocks 
plahitf^iQiniselves.intQnqtice,  but  in  general  the 
M(G«ii||w,«a«y,  apdthe  hiUsare  covered,  tpthe  tops, 
i^)gpx>v9s  of  orange  trees  and  beautiful  green 
pasttHnipe*    Like  pther  Portuguese  s^ttlementis, 
^ili^  iol^pdvabounds  in  religious  houses,  the  foui^-/ 
der&pf^iiiany  of  which  do  not  appear  to  have  been 
ddl^fe&t  in  taste,  yyhen  they  pitched  upon  situations 
f«Cst^^i|dingii^  Th^  was  one  of  these  thatparticu- 
\fg^^.0r^^  1^1^ :  it  stood  upon  a  sort  of  platform, 
ji  or  t^m^e,  ahout  half  way  be^tween  the^scny^d  the 
.   V^^i^HfiiiM  th<k mountain  I  abovQ  it  were  bringing 
i)  M'hother  natural  or  artificial  l.cii|i|}pt  say 
ll(^w  and  then  by  projeptii^rocks; 
•  4   *llp4  ^*  Wiwe  pJanlJ^ions  of  orange  trees,  loade^   'yjf.  A^,^  ^ 
il*.  -^ '  ^"^  fruit,  jpd  int^arspersed  with  myrdes,  and  other »? H  *<?  v  «^ 
^  qidioriltuoijis,  shrubs.    Being  gready  ple&sed  wi^n 
^l^pftuoQiiiaR^the  si^ounding  scenery,  I  natu- 
^l|ij^r^n^A|j|||l  from  the  pilot  (for  one  had  already 
flp&)  as  to  its  use,  and  the  quality  of  its 
and  ficOm  him  I  learnt  that  it  was  a  con- 
3^t  of%hat  qper,  a  piece  of  intelligence 
^ll^^xig^^       by  the  «^d  rf  beUa^ 

dtiu^jpc  we  continued  to  o^st 
^W&^i^ii  greater  distance  than  fpiAmfiven^M  ^ 


i< 


»  .* 


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«v,:^^ 


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SkT.  MXCHASL*S. 

# 

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■  v           . 

'  . 

^ 

.,•:   w..^ 

•     :a^- 

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•J». 


;^.f««. 


niilfis  from  the  hind,  till  wo  tame  opposite  li^^  m' 

small  town  called  Villa  Fnmcav  Here,  q6  the  mtM  t^ 

threatened  to  die  away,  several  others^uid  my«elf 

agreed  to  go  on  shore )  a  boat  w&i  accordingly 

lowered,  and  we  pushed  off  from  the  shipi  but  the 

operation  of  landing  did  not  prove  to  be  altogatfier 

so  simple  aS  we  had  expected.    An  innnenirrQaf 

<  *    ^  ,  >;t)f  rocks,  some  under  water,  others  barely  abovtil, 

but  none  distinguishable  till  we  had  almost  run 

against  them,  opposed  our  progress;  and  it  itnaimt 

without  considerable  difficulty,  a^  Uie^MNiBimi 

of  the  country  people,  who  ttiadesiign(0»to^usfirom 

the  beach,  that  we  contrived  to  discover  a 

channel,  leading  tip  to  the  strand. 

^    Having  at  length  so  far  attained  pur 

'  ■    *  2gto  tread  once  more  upon  finiv  ground,  th^ilte' 

^)'^^<^?^l|iing  to  be  done  was  to  find  out  som^  hnii  liciioiif^ 

--♦y/.^.^'-'ijbf  public  entertainment,  wher£  We  mig;ht  pa^^ 

^.i^^  night,  a  measure  which  the  inctefc^.'^ig  darkbMs 

•  ^-  *:^'  rendered  necessary.     In  this,  hotiiSh'eiriMve*lf«!ttre 

disappointed,  as  the  towQ  of  Vilht  f¥a!lca  could 

boast  of  no  such  convenience  on  a^y^iipale. 

we  were  not  on  that  acctmnt  obliged  to  biv< 

f6r  the  Hidalgo,  or  mlyor'of  the  places 

sisted  upon  our  accompsfliying  hith  h<!M|[e,tin< 

Wtii^edui^ttvith  gi'eat  h0^mlii^i^^Ni|i^|it'^ 

we  ha4nd'ca|jse  to  regret  the  unsuccessful 

our  inquiries,  since,  independent^^th6V 

,Wit]||g^hich  ft  were  presented,  ovei^ 


H 


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vvi 


? 


-.■^.  ,  ■"   f        "'*        >r     '-^^  •    '■'• 

''mt«ttigeiittMra«%  dkl nol^U to  render  kifiisdf  air 
^rlgrecftblc  companion ;  «nd  what  contributed  in  no 
/4ightde||;iiB'to  the  facility  of  our  intercounewaS)      * 
diat  titough  he  assured  vs  he  had  never  quitted 
Sb  Michuel^  in  his  life,  he  spoke  English  with  t&ie 
iHMicjr  of  a  nativt.    Among  other  piecea  of  infor-        *. ' 
^sation,  we  learnt  from  him,  that  the  reef  which     jt|^-- 
kl^Mded  ouTvpregreas  towards  the  land,  had  fiojs  4-. 
merly  been  an  island ;  it  appeared,  he  affirmed,  (Mie  *     '         ^ 

fnomiiig,  in  the  most  sudden  and  extraordihary 
manoer,  as  if  it  had  been  thrown  up  by  an  earth- 
quake  durii|||i(theinigli^,  ^fod  having  continued  SO  'm^ 

k)p9ifbev»v^tiBr,  as  to  en^bolden  a  single  family  wt' 

|^%|l!rr»  ^settle  upon  it,  it  disappeared  again  as 
I sucU^db  aa  it  ^  come,  leaving  no  traoe'of  its 
%|jilljifl''^.  ^ciiT}^  the  rocks  which  we  had  found 
,|0  tro\it)taNe.    Whether  there  be  truth  in  this  <,  i 
"mgfj  ^  cainiQt  pretend  to  determine ;  and  yat  I 
see  JiQ. reason  to  doubt  the  word  of  a  man  oSi^'  *^  *¥>:.%'' 
spi^bility,  who  could  have  no  motive  whatever        ^'  j^ 
fqtc.  ||ec6^ing  us/  But  this  was  not  all  that  we 
^^|yi^|-j(rQM|himi^pectu^^  this  reef;  he  declared, 

^t  prevdJPfc  tQ  the  appearance  of  the  island,  the  ^         Z'^-0 

&  in ^t  very. spot,  wife  unfathomable :  and ,  ^  ^'9"-'*^fi-X  ^ 
iil«is jiot^  mtr  it  had;,8unk,  that  a  smgle  rook  f'' 

*  '^iCT^  '»"?'!'dyi^^^?^**  1*^®***  *®  largest,yiip  o^  W^?;^ 

wif^  a  stotu^s  diroW  of  the  **  ^i,u. 


y 


\v 


«*  A ' 


*r^ 


% 


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,( 


XT' 


■  At:  '  ^ 


V#^'';  "^      V,;; 


<^  new  acquaintance  j^jEavj 


'^"'^ 


3, 


*. 


^^ 


J 


Jl". 


;,''Wr--: 


<>  V 


vr" 


•-*^V.;,.A^     r.Ui 


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't 


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*/ 


50 


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r.f 


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^w 


*/• 


obliging,  we  natunJly  mformed  him  of  our  iotsi^'^^'* 
tion  to  proceed  next  morning  to  Ponta  del  Gadi^*]^ 
the  principal  town  in  St.  Michael's,  aiyirequejitfld 
his  assistance  in  procuring  some  mode  of  convey- 
ance;  but  we  were  startled  by  the  intelligence,  that 
nothing  of  the  kind  could  be  had,  and  that,  there 
were  not  even  horses  or  mules  to  be  hired  j^ai^ 
place  nearer  than  the  very  town  whither  we  wem 
going.  This  was  rather  an  alarming  |)iece  of  news, 
for  our  boat  had  left  us,  the  weather  was  t«K>  hot 
for  walking,  and  the  distance  to  be  trayieUed  ftiU 
fifteen  miles.  Had  we  not  sent  the  bpi^t  away,  thjP 
matter  would  have  been  easily  managed,  becanpt 
we  might  have  sailed  round  to  the  point,  i|it|iere 
the  fleet  was  to  anchor ;  but  this  was  no  k)|ger  in  n 
our  power,  and  being  rather  unwiUing  to  purMie^l^- 
joumey  on  foot,  we  were  altogether,  at  a  loss  how 
to  d||termine.  While  we  thus  hesitated,  the  Hidalgo 


y^ 


^*-n 


■k:       %-^ 


,^]^  ni^"  sni^sted,  that  if  we  would  condescend  to  ridi; 
upon  asses,  he  thought  he  could  obtain  a  sufficient 
number  for  our  party ;  a  proposal  with  which  we 


^< 


gladly  closed,  prudently  determinmg tetany inode     . 
of  being  carried  was  bett^  than  Wa&ing^Le^viqf;    '%^  . 
the  arrangement  of  fkis  a^ir,  therefi^^tP*  oi 
obliging  ffiend.  We  retired^  jnest  updQ^^c^^n 
foHable  shakedowns,  spread^  ^  on  ^e^lDQ#lt»^< 
and,  cm  vt^h^  in  the  mommg,  we  found  llwibif 


's^  had  not  been  negligent  in  the  chargf  ai|Mm^ 


pohsistedoffive  a 


^<- 
>■ 


HSf 


*?^ 


¥ 


V 


^nftiilf  I 


w^ 


^*<^ 


»••• 


tad    ' 


ey- 

hat 
kcre 

»»» 

r,cf#.     " 
f 

fiitt 
;,thp 

nr  in  r« 


*  «S^''  i'l 


how 


^' 


^ 


^i 


%.. 


fi 


fihttr,  fol'  whoM  acccHnmodatioii  we  found  ten 
ptti  at  the  door,  each  attended  by  its  driver, 
ttHtitd  *wi#  t  long  pole  tipped  with  an  iron  spike, 
for  the  purpose  of  goading  the  animal  whenever  it 
should  become  hey. 

It  wtas  not  widiout  a  good  deal  of  laughing,  that 
the  eiValcade,  after  bidding  adieu  to  the  hospitable 
Miiyor,  began  to  move  forward.  Besides  the  ridi- 
culousness of  being  mounted  upon  assesy  these 
a8tes'%ere  without  bridles,  and  had  no  saddles, 
except  such  asiure  used  when  the  inimals  areload- 
ed  with  good!  for  the  market ;  for  our  own  comfort, 
tfiijirifore,  we  were  obliged  to  sit,  &-Ia-femelle,  and 
haViltg  notibmmand  over  the  heads  of  our  steeds, 
.we,#fto  content  to  be  guided  by  the  hallooing^  and 
j&nric^ing  of  the-  drivers.  In  spite,  however,  of 
i  thesfe  inconveniences,  if  they  may  be  so  called,  I 
ihall  never  dease  to  congratulate  myself  onhavfiitt; 
been  of  the  party,  because  the  ridis  was  beyoiS 
rt/  compluison  the  most  agreeable  I  ever  remember  .  « 
t6hpivetak^. 

^  v^   V-^^  '^"'^^l^'^''"^  ^^^  Franca  to  Ponto  del  Gada 
^   .   (j^its  the  water^s  edge,  and  turns,  for  a  little  way,  ' 
1,'  eaitying^you  ^ugli  a  region  as  romantic 
Beahtiiy  as  can  W^^  be  imagined ;  there  are,| 
^re  iKifl^el  iflsiins,'ho  smooth  piitbs  over  which   . 
a  Jandaiif  or  rabqry  might  glide,  but,  on  the  con-    '? 
i,%j  trtiiy^  aru^giedsind  stony  track,  sometimes  leading* 
^6  fkce  of  steep  hills,  sometimes  sealing 

r'  ■■_  f  » - 


a. 


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4, 


-A' 


.  'ii^v 


> 


>*      :i(* 


11 


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;.v,*t: 


1    * 


^'1^ 


^ 


% 


%aCJIA£L'S. 


^_    .■! 


# 


.^4-f 


,  Vk. 


J 


t^ 


% 

^ 


.i-! 


,*<^ 


*> 


*,  %> 


heights  which  1a^  the  distmiee  of  a  mile  v^^tm 

^to  be  almost  perpendicular/and  somethnes  wiini|; 

^  mg  along  the  side  of  a  cliff;  and  by  tht^edgaof% 

tearful  precipice.     Except  when  ;^ou  reach,  ^(b 

^J^'siimmitof  a  mountain,  the'roadis  ihgetieral  shaded 

by  the  richest  underwood,  hanging  over  It  ftbtn 

above ;  but  the  whole  aspect  of  Ae  cdii^Ptfy  is 

^decidedly  that  of  a  volcanic  produdtion :  the  i«<Jks 

seem  to  have  been  cast  up  and  torn  asunder  by 

some  prodigious  violence,  and  hurled  by H'Tolree 

which  nothing  but  a  volcano  could  possess^  iftto 

the  most  grotesque  and  irregular  shk|)es.     It  is  no 

uncommon  thing  to  pass  under  a  huge  crag,  lejoi- 

ing  almost  horizontally  over  the  road,  and  bedd^ 

''Jn  the  earth  by  a  foundation  apparently  so  slij^ti 

ji  ^'^as  to  appear  likely  to  fall  every  moment,  pr^cipi- 

*'  fiating  the  enormous  mass  upon  the  luckless  wretch 

btneath.    Nay,  the  very  colour  of  the  stones,  sind 

me  quantity  of  what  bears  every  resembl^ce  to 

vitrification,  scattered  about,  all  tend  to  induce  the 

belief,  that  the  main  island  owes  its  formation  to 

the  same  cause  which  doubtless  pix>duGed  the 

smaller  one,  that  has  now  disappeared.  ^ 

;         But  you  must  not  fancy,  from  this  descf  ipti^/* : 

<    ^thatSt.  Michael's  is  nothing  but  a  tMHtren  roci^-j^, 

^ '  T  far  frorfi  it,  There  is,  indeed,  in  this  dirBetioTi,  W  ' 

•  ^    least,  a  fair  proportion  of  that  coroiriodityy-^init 
'JS       tracts  of  cultivated  ground  are  not>|berefbre  Want-  ^  4 


:'A 


.iK 


M 


4 


^," 


^ing.    I  should  not  certainly  suppofSe  that  tl^Mi  ^ 

0  *  •#  ' 


% 


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4^ 


i -* v.tj 


**^'**#,J 


^        tff     \li^^M, 


^r       •'*;^| 


,» '•ii^     •■  ■*• 


m 


i*»r, 


^lllftt  %  tile  onii^tiifi^j  Ihd  a  gnij^ 
J)(^  nidM  ^0rp  1^^        wine;    ^^ 
Uft  sh«^tk»  amd  a  eoifipe- 

1lt«#fii|)^^f^       But  tiiflt  ki^htelt  t!i^ 

•<ll|i|i^i:gtcij^^js  the  extreme  saloMy  of  the  ' 

IliillgiMi ;  lylpiy  ime^y  the  same  ctegfee  tiW^-        ..^ 

fiii^#i^bbQii,  the  intense  heat  which  oppr^st^  V^^  *' 

^|||lAi|t^ipi||^t»  here  alleviated  by  refreshhig  sea- 

.lii>ii||l:;|Agl|^aywiti  I  believe  there 

'     #na^i9^|iiJq|^«f^  season  to  complaiii  6f  coM,  it 

JM^iii^tii^  height  of  the  dog-dii^;  if  then, 

5  IfH^IN^Aonr  iaiiictually  engaged  in  vibleht  ex- 

^iil^«|i^efSt.  Midiatrs,asfara8lcoBldlearti» 
#^iBoniae#.exiatisively  to  fruit ;  the  fig  aiid  ^^  \     / ' 
iMiaige  are tke«j|i4>te commodities  andbeingl^ 
«IM7<«bimdaot,^^«re,  of  course,  proportion 
itiililh   Into  the  praiie  of  a  St  Micha^'s  orange  it 
^Wmp^mmff  fer  me  to  wter,  because  it  is  gene» 
\^  \    jJi^j^AinJvi)^  to  be  thobestwith  which  the  English 
;   .    ^yfftl6tMittg|^iedfb$^oft^^ 
'.*  _  ^/^;^tMhiwifi  ifl^  I^tfenot^tii^- that  ^gqr^cftuntiymen 
f  ;^,|*|;^fc^  ,inigiit^,;:]^:ndMi»vi^ 


V  » 


ikla«^ili|J<MftraQk  me  liiat  |.4ae|!«r*^^liiM 


~a#3iQ.4ii8lify  lkivoared'»^'J#:^i^fQi«| 
H 


*,l 


^'•^-d\^i.: 


iM 


in. 


C^. 


^'n' 


I" 


V 


f, 


^^. 


;»».'.,. 


|^-«5«**^^ 


*^ 


i*^ 


.♦ 


iii' 


;  >•% 


f^»->-' 


.*. 


t»' 


''^•"*' 


j^ j  for  wjitciv^  some,  of  tiie. win«  it^4c4CM^. 

disposed  o^  ii>u«t  be  too  inoonsklel^^leMiQbCli^llQ 
^#3t  be  classed  among^e  af^ 
'^^Ifindi  however,  that  I.  am  emfi^  U] 
'*'  l^ts  in.ii!bich  I  an)  but  little  verse»|»  and 

Infif  ^m.mir  nairativc*^  I^eljne  iQiSli^ 
'  ^^  V    that  beloved  idol  of  all  tmvelbrs^pnd  ii 
"     that  after  we  had  ridden  about^ix  mi|^ 
which  had  hitherto  conducted  .us  idOUg  a 
gleQ,  where  the  vision  was  intereefied  t)iK  b0^ 
sides,,  now  carried  us  to  the  s<i^f^f>#.i 
iQountaih,  from  whence  we  enjoyed  tl^sii^J 
of  an, extensive  prospect,  botb^f  th|^;seaand  c#^ 
interior.   Looking  towards  the  form^wfrbilM*! 
I^^^ijiwr  ©wn  fleet  bearing  doivn  majestically  ujpoli 
"^  \^,    jPopto  del  Gada^  and  now  fas^  approachingettli 
,' ^  ^horage.    Turning  our  eyes  inland  agsiny^ii^' 
were  delighted  with  a  view  of  mountain  att4*li** 
ley,  rock  and  culture,  wood  Jtfid  pastuR^^  i||l9f« 
mjngled  in  the  most  exquisite  degree  c^  irregjiataii> 
^..  ■     ty;  but  what  principaHy  attracted  43ri»attB¥iiti6iir^^ 
wiif  a  thiqk  dark  sinoke  risi 
^loiahigh  hUl  that  boui 
'^riosHy  being  excited  ^jte  i^henora^^  ■>  *' 

infoi|ned  that  |be mountain  in.ijlw«tii»lli|i|*«vs 


■ff 


T' 


% 


^;"^^*l»».. 


:  **-*: 


■iim'" 


■t 


r 


V         fV 


•*.■ 


k^ 


'■■.i^yt 


♦^ 


iiiiiter,  of  ft  t«ii|ioi|ltirt^sii£cient  to 


v 


■  f 


i4IRK#ie^Mthnw  minutes.  Thi^.  piece  of  intel* 
.p;^^^ll|$i|ii^^        ii^>  4£»  you  msty  suppose,  in  my 
l^ei^^^piiyon  relnUye .  to  the^  oper^ve  cause  in 
t^  pr^alionixpl^^these  ialandsf  though,  indeeci*;^;. 
)itl||iy(i9beviMib9  been  wanting,  i  shouM  never- 
tli^^liij^^v^  4!^clu(ledi)  either  that   they  were .  "^ 
tlilQSpn  iip,;inl^ep  present  form,  from  the  b0ttdm>>» 
oC^e  aieie^::^c^  least  that  they,  were  torn  asunder 
4t!9m.!|}pie  jiiother  by;  the  force  of  fire.     It  must  be 
eiQ[i|i(^ped,;howevef»  thatmineis  the  opinion  of  one 
Who^ht^  4iiflif^ll»A  little  of  his  attention  to  geology ; 
^  ^<M^m|ill#  means  advise  the  discif^s .  of « 
^cpinef hither,  if  they  desire  further; 
J^4^        ecution  of .  that  very  Jn(eresliQ|fi^> 
V    ;,;^  study. 


\^-. 


4^ 


I* 


T». 


'^* 


■*■  "■ 


t       .1 


>  1 


yj^-^'^tm 


.;-■  'li^-' 


-St**' 


■V.'^ 


'^.^■i.J!>;* 


t^>' 


■J*  T 


I'X 


:« 


I, 


If 


m 


m 


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i 


5ft 


htT^^      jTP^ 


'V 


nB|R^i' 

-  ^"^^y 

Pli' 

v.. 

II' 

......  .     .^.      ^, 

*«  '    LETTER  V. 

.     m    ^     AS  I  am  aware  that  you  dislike  squatty  widrlhjM 
"10:.,.     self,  the  usual  formalities  «lt  ^e^qbOlfrieiicemeiit^a^ 
-    *  ^*^  a  letter,  I  shall  coiUJmiemy  jooaialwith^t^^f* 
log  any  observation  or  comment^  vdneh'l^jlild' 
serve  no  end,  but  that  of  occasioning  a  britfl  M 
.    the  narrative.^ 
»v  Descending  the  mi^Atoin  on  t^^ 
paused  for  afew  minutes,  to^ut tmr  ^eis  andlflpP^^ 
fyour  curiosi^j  we  arrived  ata  atiiidl  bamlet,^ifiii^3 
.     rather  a  group  of  two  or  ifai«e  hei^hi,  to  fotfniii#' 
caUy  ^uated  as  it  is  possible  for  the  hnaginatidiji 
of  man  to  conceive. .  They  stood  at  the  Anther  eaif' 
of  a  sort  of  recess,  formed  by  thehills,  which  are  henr 

broken  into  a^ circular  valley,  cut  o^  to  ^^tipptiiiiM 
ance,  from  the  rest  of  the  haibitable 'world;  behilNl 
them  rose  a  towering  cn^,  as  perpendicular  a&idie 
drop  of  a  plummet,  from  the  top  of  whieh%  little 
rivulet  came  tumbling  doYV9i,giia|||^totheflcefie<  • 
an  appearance  of  the  most  delighlf^  cooInesl^Jtti^    ^ 
amu^g  the  ear  with  the  imceasing  roar  of '^** 
water-fall.    From  the  very  face  of  the  cliffy  viifMe 
there  seemed  to  be  sdu-cely  soil  enough  to  nounsh    i^- 
a  ^^He,  numerous  shrubs  an4  dwarf  ^^es  P^iL ' 


f-T  * 


'^.. 


f 


'■< 


I.   *^'  -. 


>• 


^' 


V  ' 


? 


< 


,jr* 


-r  .*■'* 


.*- 


•>^v/^ 


i  ■ 


<IV 


«*' 


>.  ^^ 


^; 


k,)» 


%^ 

M-         ■  ■-■■ 

'V- 

■>   1 

■:■ 

m         1 

i^          1 

W 

n^^  ' 

6n 

nd              ^ 

1 

BWf              ,     ^ 

<$■ 

Ml^^ 

nA 

hif 

tteV„    ^ 

»•< 

ii^»'''  ,/  ■ 

■Hi'" . 

tm^   -' 

th.  4^ 

10' ■'  * 

,/ 


'•'•jtiriided  theBi3t^«s>  whilst  aodveit/and  on  every 

'  JSdic^  oCthe  area,  the  hills  were  covered  vp|th  wood^ 

ilpmiptedjiow  and  then  by  the  bald  forehead  of 

avlrinekened  rock.    In  front  qf  the  hamlet  again, 

there  was  an  opening  sufficient  to  admit  the  most*^ 

.delicious  glin^$e  of  the  ocean ;  and  through  this 

the  itreamt  afiMr  boiling  for  a  while  m  a  little  ba^in 
which  it  ha«  excavated  f^r  itself  out  of  what  re- 
seoibjes  ^  foundation  of  the  cll£f,  makes  its  way, 
bnmvling  lyyer  a  clear  pebbly  bottom,  till  it  joins 

theani*-  , 

Thi»  paragMi  of  valleys,  and  master-piece  erf" 

n||lll«lth>w^dy»work»  burst  upon  us  as  such  scenes,  # 

;Jj^M^itQess«d  with  advantage,  ought  t»dO|With^ 

'  l^llip  slightest  warning  or  expectation.  The  road . 

bj^llioh  we  approached  it,  being  completely  shut 

in.  with  wood,  and  winding  considerably  to  ad  the 

d08oent,  brought  us  out  nearly  at  the  gorge  of  the 

valt;  so  as  to  throw  the  hamlet,  the  cliff,  and  the 

wt^rfali.  Into  the  back-ground;  and, as  the  whole 

wan  of  such  extent  as  to  be  taken  in  at  one  glance, 

tfae.eiect  wait  striking  beyond  any  of  the  kind  I 

efer  witnessed*  You  may  imagine  that  we  had  no 

desire  to hun^lbrough  such  a  glen  as  this;  and 

^  nsB^oilitt  thtfiidditianfli  inotive  whidli  the  weari-^f 

^  in6Bfi  .m:  our  donkeys  afforded,  to  persuade  us  to 

jMWBporaif^  hah.    Giving  the  animals,  therefore, 

t^i^caveoC their  owners,  we  dismounted^  mA 


'^ty 


4*.' 


mo 


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which  appeared^  be  as  simple  as  die'Skuatioiitai^". 
ili|ir  ab^%  had  prepared  us  to  expect  The  mMJ?/  '\ 


iftnerfr  aU  'goit-herds,  and  the  women  seemed  to  bir^ ,' 
as  idle  a&  their  country^womeni  in  Portugal, -^sittfaig 
at  ihe  doors  of  their  hoi)ses^  ii|n!bunded  bj^  |;roups 
of  halfrQaked  and  filthy-looking  ohUdrem\'Tof^ 
judge  by  their  dre$s,  and  the  furiii^re^of^^lheiEr 
hoviQlSf^ey  were^isera^y  poor,  th^gh  perfectly 
4   contented;  they  did  not  ask. us  for; money^  hut 
'    astonished,  I  suppose,  at  the  glaring  cokMH^lif  our 
*'  Goats,  they  were  very  inquisitive  to  know  v»ho^w# 
were,  and  whence  we  had  come.  The  English^ ^K 
^French,  and  the  Portuguese,  seem  tc.  be  ^e  (ni^> 
three  natbns  of  whose  existence  they  hai^em^l 
knowledge ;  and  having  been.assuredj  in  aiu»w#l#, 
their  first  question,  that  we  were  not  FrendtfllriSf  ^ 
immediately  added,  then  you  must  be  English) 
They  did  not  appear,  however,  to  be  without  mmt^ 
degree  of  cunning,  toe  as  Icmg  as  We  paused  Iskr 
"'  replying  to  their  query,  they  were  silent,  but  '^ 
sooner  had  we  answered  in  the  negative^  dian  thef 
launched  forth  into  the  most  vident  invectives 
against  the  French ;  ccHivincing  us,  that  the  2u0. 
mosity  of  the  mother-country  towttri^its  barbarou^r 
invaders,  is  not  more  implaoable^uoi  tbaf  af.^ther  ^ 
cokmies.  <  s  * 

•»  Having  loitered  away  half  an  hour  ki  tUttiy- 
mtntic  spo^  and  distributed  a^w  dijllani  anKikig 
^i(9  jyahs^bitants,  we  remounted%ur  ilMa  aiid^^cpf  -  . 


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:^  <«pliidflmdy  pasied;  ^-otily  dHfeirfefKW!  was 
^ItMfe'lhe.iiQianer  we  approached  to  PontD  del  Gads, 
liitiiiafl^frequent  ^iil«n»»  the  spots  of  ct^teH/tttioft/ 
tM. widiiiiltf 'ilHootliiiess  0f  the  road  hnprdvinttr in 

'^  |woptetiott  ^iy  at  last,  when  we  had  attained  ttke 

ttRHi^jof  fnewieiic^  fttti6  whence  the  town^with 

iltt<(HVt' and  bay  were  distingoishabtei'  we  looked 

dowa^ufon^  an  extensive  valleyviichly  covered  vVidi 

Mte^iC  standing  com.'   Quiqlcening  our  pace  we 

90ipgk^hlere4,the  capital  of  St  Michael's,  anld  we^ 

bjf  the  drivers,  to  a  good  hotel,  keptbj^^ 

IsbwQfinan  of  the  name  of  Curri^,  where 

lip Ifnind  rinrj  irrnnrninrtitinn  we  could  desire, 

at  a  vefyimjiderate  expmse.' 

«As  we  had  started  at^  an  early  hour  firom  Villa 

Iranca,  the  clocks  were  just  striking  t^,  when  we 

alighied  at  Mrs.  Curriers  hotel;  consequent, 

limt  was  a  long  day  yet  before  us,  ri  which  we 

might  sfee  every^thing  that  lii^as  to  be  seen  in  the 

pkKsei^Hav^ing  c^hnrged  qur  muleteers,  therefore, 

Ifiiir' seemed  overjoyed  at  the  receipt  of  one  dollar 

^^'pieee,  sWal}0«^«d  a  hasty  breakfest,  and  made 

4  <liiB54l|iii8oiiiewhat  i^nnfortable,  we  lost  no  time 

^iQf^^^  aetting  Opt  upon  a  stroll  of  examination,  and 


whole 


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iVf  IffCBAt&'g. 

^iPrti;  liH^^  much  regard  to  ooiiit»etpiaBi|ii# 
obvera  fikjre  ground  Aian  many^plicoft  ofdQQbkjf    / 
Ihe  atnount  in  pd^ulation.    It  siiindt  upon  ^liHie 
blly;foi*nied  hy  two  pfojlctiiig  ht^iiMtadinmAmi 
bon^  of  a  tolerabte  harbour;  and  ^iMelil^^fOif-. , . 
sttad.    In  h^  immediate  vkmHy,-^  «k»I^^     ^ 
^[i6reinifornUy  te^lM  an^r  I M 
di(^  vale  extending  tb  the  disKno^^  feov  or^  fti« 
Itniles  on  every  side,  and  ending  in  anaimyliliwMlm      -> 
oflow  green  hills,  which  resemble, 'ihaiifiiiaiiiiMi; 
the  dbwns  as  they  are  seen  ftom  Jt^tbbUihM^^il 
Sussex.  The  whole  of  this  flat  is  iii  ^  state  efitigli 
cultivation,  being  cleared,  perhaps^  tttK^cow^it^ 
of^bod,  and  portioned  offiiitBdiflbrefii^tcMliiM 
parks  by  hedges  and  stone  walls.    Judging  from 
the  appearance  of  tlie  crops,  I  diould  colieeiire 
that  the  soil  waai  here  of  some  depth,  as  Ml  ak 
fertili^ ;  the  whole  valley  being  «ci(vered'''#itti 
wheat,  barky,  and  Indian  corn.    Ir  tn||||P#(mi 
the  aspect  of  the  countiy  beyond  ^^lldfi^ 
where  rocks  tower  dne  above  Mibttier  in  rude  m4 
bancen  grandeur,  one  is  almoat  ^etit^tadMb^Pe 
that  ihe  whole  industrj|r  <)f  Ihe  liiid  Imi  neiceiMiii 
i^%xpended  itself  upon  this  spbl,'bec!rih#it  wi|l  ^■ 
dife  oAfly  one  capable  of  rewarding  it'   i^^iaii^cp^^ 
sured,  however,  by  the  natives,  that  such  iiliof#ji 


eaife  $  and  that,  iti  ^intei^  and  mtit&at^ 
bpjbsiie  codst,  the  rogi^  niifnafitf^  « 


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leM  iJtelOitafqtife  chatTipflii^.-    ^.  •  ^  v 

•t^Thc*  prifttipal  streets  of  Pdnto  del  Gada  are 
jM^^ed,  tfDd  kefjt  at'biTce  cool  and  clean  by  a  con- 
iHaiit  i»)iriilkfing  of  Wafer,  ivhich  it  is  the  business 
Of  twd'orlht^te^men  stationed  at  pintips  within  a 
eefttflM  '^distaiice  of  one  another,  to  scatter  over 
tbem/  Of  the  bye  streets  little  can  be  said,  they 
being,  like  those  of  other  Portuguese  towns,  coiti- 
pOied'Of  iheaoi  cottages,  unpaved,  and  extremely 
dirty, » There  is,  however,  an^  air  of  elegance  given 
to*th©  town)  particularly  when  looked  at  from  a 
distntace,  by/'the  intermixture  of  oniAge  grovel 
aadon^lhe  houses ;  the  largest  of  these,  wherever 
lii^rlfap|)en  to^  stand,  being  in  general  surrounded 
by  extensive  gardens,  all  of  which  are  abuhdantly 
stocked  with  that  graceftil  and  odoriferous  plant. 
Add  to  this  the  number  of  toWers  and  spires  with 
•which  its  numerous  churches  and  convents  are  -ig^ 
suppl^,  and  the  first  coup-d^deil  may  be  conceived 
>  to  be  Extremely  striking  and  imposing. 

As  soon  8^  We  had  taken  a  general  survey  of  the 
sli^ts,  the  t|ext  object  of  attention  was  thexeli- 
gioushouses.  ^Ii^these,  however,  there  was  but  litde* 
the^inthitedtufe  being  of  the  plainest 
e^i^lhi' chapels  as  much  wantitig  in  6r- 
litfieimiiBl^^^  There  were,  indeedj in' 

^.^l^il^^^^i^  attempts  at  carved^      ^ 

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i^ither  rich  nor  ahoient,  m  the  whidowi,aiid  «  fm 
.mrdry  pictures  suspended  above  the  altars  ^  but 
^ilie  ^0f4f  entemble  was  decidedly  that  of  buildings 
whiqh  did  not  even  aim  at  beauty  or  grandeur.  The 
monks  we  found  a  good  natured  obliging  set  (^ 
men,  very  wilting  to  give  us  any  information  in 
their  power;  by  one  of  whom  I  was  fortumrta 
enough  to  be  cimducted  through  a  convent  of 
Augustine  friars.  .  Into  their  mode  of  Uving  ills 
not  to  be  supposed  that  I  covild  (^itain  maeh  In- 
-  sight.  It  seemed,  however,  to  be  less  indoleBt  than 
that  of  some  convents,  which  I  had  visited  in  tfie 
"'old  country,  ^nd  approached  proportionablynearfr 
to  a  college  life  amdng  ourselves  \  though  it^vust 
be  admitted  that  the  fellows  and  under^graduatts 
of  Oxford  and  Cambridge  have  a  better  ndtion  of 
both  comfort  and  elegance,  than  the  Augustine 
friars  of  St.  MichaelV.  Of  the  nuns,  of  G<]U#e|ye 
saw  nothing,  excepting  through  the  piBtesj^ffiirt 
found  them  full  of  curiosity,  and  efger  tt>  ImKas 
much  as  they  could  learn  of  the  world  fr 
they  were  excluded ;  but  quite  as  ioddoC  dirMng 
as  any  set  of  youlig  ladies  at  a  boarding  school,^lfe 
was  amusing  to  observe  th(^  WQI^  pi  begging)  lor 
all  ^e  nuns  in  this  part  o^^  Wtffld  a^e  ijfifiksev 
beggars.  The  younger  and  fij^racinttaiibffiillilll^ 
sisterhood  came  to  the  gn^|^4^^ofafMtl4  iMIi^ 
and  presented  us  with4Vti||^|«Wi^ 
retiring  made  way  for  the Jifilfgp 


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questMhA' HMe  money  for  we  good  of  our  souls 
and  tfaskbodks.  TasolHiitationsthua  expres»i|^  a.  *^ 
k  iNa  impoMible  to  turn  a  detf  ear,  and  the  con- 
aequenee  was,  that  we  soon  discovered  it  to  be  .  *  . 
quile  as  expeniiNie  an  amusement  to  flirt  with  a 
nun,  as  widi  any  other  belle  in  LolidoQ  or  else- 
^rueiv* 

^'  Besides  die  churches  and  convents,  amounting 
&f  all  tt»  not  fewer  than  nine,  there  If  a  fort  erect- 
ed fbr  the  protection  of  the  harboi;|r,  which  we 
llke#inendeavoured  to  see ;  but  wil» prevented 
6y  th^  s^kxtinel  at  the  gate,  who  refused  us  admit- 
iniistn  '  The  disappointment,  however,  was  not 
IjMRt^  is  it  was  easy  to  perceive,  from  its  <mtward 
^iqipiBrance,  that  the  fort  cOuld  possess  few  points 
worthy  of  dbservation  \  ind,  indeed,  we  attributed 
die^jBHictance  evinced;  in  admitting  si^rangers,  to 
if^liatter  utiblessness  as  a  plaxte  of  defence^  ^ 
#7o  describe  all  this  occupies  but  a  small  portion 
of^time,  and  Id  read  die  description  will  pccupy 
a  sii  smaller  portion  of  yours  \  but  to  see  it  was 
thetkhbrious  emplOrymentcrf'an  entire  day.  Wea- 
||^d  out,  therefore,  with  my  exertions,  and  not 
IbeKng  myself  much  rewarded,  at  least  for  the  lat- 
ter -iMIt  of  m^  trouble,  I  returned  in  the  evening 
10  th^  hotel,  where,  as  the  ships  were  still  at  an- 
chor taking  on  board  wiAer  and  fr^h  provisions,  I 
Ventured  to  sf^eiM^  the  night  •         *  >^ 

Having  thus  dbcovered  that  there  was  litde  in 


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thc.»vic>|[|^8  fil9:^  ai^ a. great  4eal  J^ ^^^<«^  ^^  W 
M^,  4iroii|^ut  St.  A^d^aePi,  to  iot^r^  the  \xj^^ 
vl^Qer,  a  j^ien)^,  and  inyse^'  dete||i|iinod  tp  set  qff 
next  morning  on  a  visit  to  the  vQicana. ,  With.thJs 
clesi|;n  we  ordered  as^es,  for  a^ai^itr^the  oply  ^n^r 
n^js  for  l?ii|!^,tp  be  in  readiness  by  dmt4)reak,,.p4 
finding  them  in  waiting  at  the  tjme  appointed|.W9 
tQp|„a^|^i^c^^ij^|i8  and. pushed  forward  in  th^ 
direction  of  t}ie  dark  sinol^e.  ,^The,mountj^in  with 
its  cjrater,  being  distinctly  visible  hom  Poi^to  del 
Q^dsi,  we^t^k  it  for  granted  that  thiq  distanMH)^ 
betwee;!,  the, two  places  could  not  exqeed  tw^^^ 
o^  fourteen  miles ;  but,  op  inquiring  of  oi ;  S|iide» 
we  were  ulaimed  by  the  iuformatipif ,  that  the  tieiH^ 
est  road  would  carry  us  at  least  twenty-seven  milea 
fjrpn)  the  town.  ,  Thunder-struck  by  this  i)eyi(9,  w;e 
wer^  for  sometime  at  a  Ipsa  what  course  tqjii^^ue. 
To  proceed  was  dangerous,  because,  ^ 
we  were,  tp^goandreturi}  the  same  < 

Sjible  ^  andj,  if  we  reinain<^  ^'^¥^ 
during  the  night,  the||eet  inigl|t(^ 
should  be  able  to  get  back*.>%  ^QiP  the  otl 
to  give  up  our  design  and  <i|uit^a  country , 
ydcano  was  to  be  seen,  withfMit  j^ii^gjt,  i^ppeaf- 
ed  nfltifiT  a  niortifying  prospect    I^t,,w^i^ig^ 
for  9,few  mi^nutes  the  chances  op  both  «ide»f  IfM 
nqt  say  with  the  utmost  impartiality,  cwiosiily 
finally  prevailed  ovgr  fear;^jvid,J{i  order  tofireyecj^. 
apvvf^^thpr  repentance  ^iid.j^^ii|^Mei|t  <;hangf  .of 


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tnmcli^frtpat our  donkeys  klto a  gallop,  amd  hw- 
riRd  OH'  as:  fast  as  they  could  oatry  na.  But  i» 
speed  of'  the  asses,  and  our  own  vcntusoM  dcier- 
isiAation  proved,  afteaall,  equally  una«ailiiig;  fioi^ 
on  fining  the  summit  of  the  do^vns,  and  lookiBg 
back  upon,  the*  fleets  we  beheld,  to  our  great  sor- 
row, the  signal  for  sailing  floating  from  the  toi>- 
Aasts  of  alKtfie  ships.  Mortified  at  our  disappoint- 
ment, and  at  the  same  time  rejoicing  that  we  had 
got  no  ftirther  on  dur  journey,  we  were  compelled 
to^tum  our  asses'  heads,  and  to  retrace  our  steps 
towards  Ponto.del  Gada ;  where  we  found  every 
d||pf,ki  the  bustle  and  ccmfusion  of  are-embarka- 
tiqni  The  beach  was  covered  with  sailors,  sol- 
diersf  bollocks,  and  casks  of  fresh  water,  hurrying, 
;«i|id/b^g  hurried,  indiscriminately  into  the  boats 
whic|id|>ad  come  to  take  them  off.  .  The  towns- 
Ag  weli|  running  about  upon  the  strand,  some 
theii^lkiffs  to  convey  the  ofiicers  on  board 
»s,  some  helping  to  swing  the  bullocks  into 
i,  and  others  shouting  and  hallooing  appa- 
rentijrildan  the  iminterested  love  of  noiise.  In 
<j|||rt^  it^as  a  scene  of  great  liveliness  and  bustle, 
perhaps  rather,  lob  much  so  to  be  agreeable. 
^.  Scf^lng  this  universal  eagerness  to  reach  the  fleet, 
i9e,  ef>^Goiitr8e,i  threw  ourselves  into  the  first  boat 
we  could  approach,,  and  in  a  short  time  found  o'txt' 
Sflves  on  board.>oi|i!v  oiwn  ship.  But  heie  a  very 
tvitaltsungpieceoi  news  awaited  us,  for  we  learnt 


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thai^  in  spite  of  all'^ift  show  of  prepantkxv  *lMe 
idllifai  hid  not  begui  to  weigh  anchor  $  nor  w»6 
there  any  astention  of  ^moving,  at  soonest,  before 
Ae  morrow.  The  opportcnuQr,hcyweTir,  was  lost, 
and  could  not  be  recovered^  consequently  we  were 
obliged  to  summitas  cheerfully  a$  we  eonld^thoiigh 
it  was  impossible  lo  help  regrettmg^  what  had  itt 
first  been  a  soui^e  oCcdnsolation,  the  circumstance 
of  our»  having  caught  a  view  of  the  signal  at  the 
thne  we  did.  But,  as  the  event  proired,  it  was 
quite  as  well  for  us  that  we  had  nddita  no  furthd: 
from  the  shore ;  for  on  the  day  foUdWing  the  s^- 
nal  was  again  repeated ;  and  by  way  of  giving^«d^ 
ditional  weight  to  it,  the  admiral  began  to  aMie 
loose  his  top-sails.  Nor  did  it  ptove^  lil^  dUit^ 
yesterd.^y,  a  false  altirm.  By  mid-day  tb6  vktutf^ 
ling  and  watering  being  complete,  the  fieet  Imme- 
diately began  to  get  under  weigh;  andf  ^  the 
blew  fair  and  fresh,  before  dark  thi  mountains] 
St.  Michael's  could  be  seen  «ily|like  a  thii 
pour  in  thesky.  Next morrang,  nodiing )^ the 
old  prospect  of  air  and  water  met  the  gazfl  m  we 
stood  our  course,  at  a  rapif^  rate,  towards  Bermmllk 
The  voyage  from  St.  Michad's  to  Bermuda 
occupied  a  space  of  almost  an  entke  moiid^-the 
first  having  been  lost  sight  of  on  the  i27th  j^i 
June,  and  it  being  the  JMlh  of  July  befefc 
the  low  shores  of  the  k0t  ttM  he  discemeA 
It  wasj  however,  a.  sail  of  morii  interest  and  >:peD- 


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ta  tlie  Asoros^    W«  bad  now  gotAwhhm'^||f 
ioAiicncff  ^  the;  tropi^td  dimate^  «n^  w«re  not 
p#cqueii%  iniiil9«d  with  water-8{)outs,  and  other 
phflfiomeiia  pociMlini'  to  warm  regkma.  The  fljrkig 
fi9h«4ikovwe>  <uid  it9  purouar  tiie  dolphiny  afibrded 
9t  letal.DomelhiQg  le  kwkat;  whUst  many  idle 
hum^  w<!?e  vrhiled  (^i¥9y  in  attempts  to  catch,  or 
Strike  tlie  lattfr  with  harpoons.    In  these  we  were 
not  always  unsncoessful,  consequently  I  bad  S9v%- 
raloppoirtuniti^  of  watching  the  chaise  o^tCfrfpur 
^bJQb  that  fish  undergoes  when  it  is  dying  ^  and 
IJ^NAi^  die  description  generally  given  of  it  is  oer* 
(aii^  indebted  i^  some  degree  to  the  ima^nation 
#4^oy9^gers,  In^ust  confess  that  the  transitions 
&Qtm44u«  to  purple,  and  frprnpi^rple  to  green^with 
all  tfafl^^^termediate  shades,  are  extremely  beau- 
the  fish  is.  in  the  water,  it  is  by  no 
le  for  brilliancy  of  hue,  and  as  soon 
returns  tg  its  original  cok)iur,-^a 
;  tiot  whilst  it  is  floundering  and 
the  deck',  it  is  impossible  to  say 
4f|iat  isK  real  appoarance,  so  many,  and  sq  diie- 
KIM  lira  th9  huea  which  it  assumes.    Nor  did  we 
<itftp<jiiyitihQUt  the  occasional  occunence  of  a  less 
agreeably  species  of  variety  ^  I  meatt  squalte,  thun> 
^Bt^stoTHis,  md  whirlwinds.    M  w«  approached 
Bermuda,  kideed^i^tiie  became  too  frequent  to 
axeila  any  inteu^beyend  an  earnest  dcsivs  Hat 
they  would  cease ;  but  while  we  were  yet  a  g«od 


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-^       .^  BERMUDA. 

way  off,  and  the  incident  rare,  they  were  vHtness^ 
M/||l'^more  of  admrratiwi  than  tenxm  ;^^^^  .r!^^?^<^ 
Besides  these  amusements  with  ;which  tiatuli 
supplied  us,  we  were  not  backward  in  endeavour ing 
to  amuse  ourselves.  Being  now  j^lTetty  well  accuili; 
tomed  to  the  atmosphere  of  a  ship,  we'began  tb 
consider  ourselves  ac  home,  and  to  g^e  bails  and 
odier  public  entertainments  through  the  fleet.  OiiJ^ 
of  these  I  shall  take  leave  to  describe,  because  I 
axn  sure  it  must  interest  from  its  novelty.  ^ 

^Xki  the  19th  of  July,  at  an  early  hour  in  the 
morning,  a  signal  was  made  from  the  Royal  Qak, 
1^%  "J^     that  the  admiral  would  be  happy  to  see  the  officdii 
■p^    '%   ^  >  of  the  fleet,  on  board  his  ship  that  evening.  Bdoll^' 
were  accordingly  sent  off"  froni  the  differftnt  vc¥*^ 
sels,  loaded  with  visitors ;  and,  on  mounting  th^ 
.'^  gang- way,  a  stage,  with  a  green  curtain  before  it, 

wasdiscovered  upon  the  quarter-deck.  Thev^hkate' 
■.  .^,  of  the  deck,  from  the  poop  to  the  nudn-mast,  wiai^  ^ 

hung  round  with  flags,  so  as  to  fortn  a  inodeflittf 
sized  theatre ;  and  the  carronades  weire  reri^ved^ 
^  fromtheirport-holes,  in  order  to  make  roonrfor  the 
company.'  Lamps  were  suspended  from  all  partly 
of  the  rigging  and  sh  rouds,  casting  a  brilliant  Ught^ 
^  upon  this  singular  play-house;  and  the  crew,  arraye^^ 

in  their  best  attire,  crowded  the  booms,  yards^  an# 
forepart  of  the  deck  whilst  the  space  from  thf? 
^    *      main-mast  to  the  foot  of  the  stage,  was  «t  witfc 
£^  benches  for  the*  more  genteel  part  of  the  audience;^ 

At  seven  o'clock  the  curtain  drew  up,  and  dit- 


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c^ifl^i^9«iie  painted  with  such  tMte,  as  would 
not  hftv9  disgraced  any  theatre  'm  hofi^tif 
fiji^  was  the  Ap^r^nticet  with  the  Mayor  of ' 
i0tmm  afterr^ecey  performed  by  the  officers  qS 
tt^KJUp,  ai}dt.4ii£  the  artUlei^  $  and  went  off  in  hig|i 
si^l#»,ap{daiidiBdv  le^  yc^  inay  suppose,  with  the 
loudest  j|Qclamatiet)s.  The  quarter-tdeck  of  a 
Ibritbhli^  of  battle  ship  has  often  enough  been^ 

^^age  for  the  lexhibition  df  bloody  tragedies,  but  in 
witness  a  comedy  and  a  farce  upon  th;i|stag^,and 
ffilhf  middle  of  the  Adantic  ocean,  was  del^t^ 
fuli^m  its  very  singularity.  When  the  perform- 
f^^  was  at  an  end,  the  stage  was  knocked 
Jp^'the  seats  removed,  and  every  thing  cleared 

"  ftirdittcing.  The  music  was  excellent,  being  com* 
pissed  of  die  band  of  the  Royal  Oak ;  and  the  ball 
tps  c|)ened  by  Admiral  Malcombe  and  the  Hon- 
Mullens,  in  a  country  dance,  followed 
^Wli0T  tsouples  as  the  space  would  permit, 
rilrmber  of  officers  dancing,  as  you  may 


the: 


tieliieill^  wi&  one  Another.  In  this  amusement 
eVttl'y  ^E»rson,  from  the  admiral  and  general,  down 
fiiii  tht  y'oungeilt  enftign  and  midshipman,  joined, 
ktyinga&iiSe,  for  the  time,  all  restraint  or.form  of 
^^tf^li^;  and  having  kept  it  up  with  great  spirit 
itt  coilaiderabty  beyond  mid-night,  a  blue  light 
was  hoisted  as  a  ^^gnal  for  the  different  boats  to 
#kne  off  for  the  strangers,  and  each  returned  to 
his  dwn  ^hip  highly  Ratified  with  the  evening's 
^tertaioment. 


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j^  By  employing  oqrselv     «;  ii^iS  mapixer>  ana.R!|| 
|M5e|>ing  up  what  ^  emphatically:  (^^^ 
hj^art,  we  contrived  to  pass  Qur  tjiKi^e  agTeiea>^J^ 
^lUE^h.     Whenever  the  weather  vvoi|ld.|i^ip|^ 
"'     aijame  fleet  lay  well  together,  we;  niiade,  jKartii 
^.    pleasure  to  the  different  ships ;  when  the  winia|^8^ 
too  high;  and  the  fleet  too  much  scattered  i(^|t|<^ 
*   proceedings^  we  remained  at  home,  ari^j  app^ 
ourselves  in  the  best  way  we  could.     Some^df  t|^ ' 
captains^  and  our's  among  the  number,  ^ere  pcf?:     . 
$ps3ed  of  very  tolerable  libraries;  the  dpors  9^ 
^hich  they^jpolitely  threw  open  for  tlji^  bf  jiji^ 
^ their  military  guests;  and  thus,  by  readi^Gp,  fis^^ 
ing,  a«ci  boating,  we  were  enabled  to  nuMo^feea!^ 
with  some  success,  against  t!>e„^croachii|ent$ .^ 
ci^inui.     It  must  be  confessed^  iioweyer|  t^||  ip 
«ipite  of  strenuous  csftbrts  to  the  cp^frar)!,  |||i^ 
determined  enemy  of  all  idle  pei^onigi,  wa^  b^gjj^* 
ning  to  gjajn  groui)d  upo?ii  us,  when  about  ix]^^*dj||^^ 
()n  the  24th  of  Jnly,  a  cry  of  land  was  heard^  frci|> 
tbe  mast-he^d.  All  eyes  vyeye  imm<^diately  t]i4i|i||jj 


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iS^0ti^^i^i^^  fair^  and  moderately i^eah,  no  great 
length  of  time  elapsed,  before  the  same  object<^ilB 
vIKsttnguishable  from  the  deck.  A  signal  was  ini- 
Aaediately- hoisted  for  a  pilot,  who  lost  no  time  in 
coming  (^  to  us|  and  before  dark,  we  were  at 
ttichor  opposite  to  the.  tanks  in  Bermuda.  ^^ 
^  The  appearance  (^Bermuda  is  altogether  as  dif- 
ibentfroAk  that  of  St  Michael's  as  one  thing  c£^ 

t&om  anoAer.  While  the  other,  with  its  lofty 
untains  and  bold  shores,  can  be  seisn  at  the  dis- 
tance of  niliny  leagues,  a  ship  inust  be  withiq  |^^ 
T6A»  of  this  before  the  slightest  symptom  of  la^d 
iScMiicemible.  On  this  account,  it  is,  that  man- 
^ere^  find  greater  diiHculty  in  making  Bermuda, 
#um  perhaps  any  other  island  or  continent  in  the 
.kffown  world ;  the  most  experienced  seamen  fre- 
quently running  past  it,  and  not  a  few  suffering 
fthipwreck  every  year,  upon  its  numerous  shoals 
and  rocks.  For  not  only  is  the  land  itself  low,  and 
^us  apt  to  be  nm  against  by  vessels  which  may 
tiave  approached,  in  stormy  weather,  too  near  to 
put  about;  but  for  many  miles  around  it,  reefs  of 
sunken  rock  stretch  out  mto  the  sea  in  ever;'^  di- 
.l!*ection ;  insomuch  that  even  the  approach  to  the 
prancipgl  anchorage  is  no  mcMre  than  a  narrow 
t^nnd  between  two  such  reefs,  in  many  places 
scaircely  exceeding  a  mile,  or  a  mile  and  a  half  in 
>»  ilridth.  The  navigation,  even  In  calm  weather,  is 
lh«Edbre  attended  with  considerable  danger ;  the 


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idea  ofiviiicll  is  greatly  heighteAed  by  the  iMhI^ 
dMe  cleamess<of  the  water,  and  the  peculiar  hrif|[tl|F 
tiess  oi  the  rocks.  In  sbme  places  thn  is  so  miKih 
the  case,  that  the  bottom  may  l)e  seen  at  the  diep% 
of  -x  and  seven  fathoms :  «^'hile  the  aspect  dflhe 
reefs  which  lie  on  each  side,  as  you  steer  towards 
the  anchorage^  is  such^  as  almost  to  petsi^de  *m^ 
^orktrary  to  the  evidence  of  reason,  thatamanitiiftlil 
leap  upon  them  from  a  boat,  without  me\nl^hi|j|i 
the  danger  of  being  wet  above  the  kn^es.  ^'♦Ydt 
thtfse  very  reefs  are  seldom  covered  wnh  less  tha»i 
six,  and  sometimes  with  fourteen  and  fifteajd^et 
of  water.  '*"  * 

Low  as  they  are,  the  shores  of  Bermuda  SMJife 
nevertheless  extrbiiiely  beautiful.  They  are  covcttid 
ivkh  cedar,  a  tree  which  heUti  at  leUst,  seldom 
exceeds  the  height  of  twenty  feet,  and  from  wh^jfi^ 
before  the  sun  has  risen,  and  after  he  has  set, 
the  land  breeze  comes  loaded  with  the  most  delici- 
ous perfume.  Under  the  wood  there  grows  a  rich 
short  turf,  apparently  struggling  to  spread  itself  ovdr 
the  chalky  rocks  of  which  the  entire  island,  (^r  rather 
islands,  seem  to  be  composed  $  and,  as  the  houses 
of  the  better  orders  are  chiefly  built  within  reaeh 
of  the  cool  air  from  the  water,  they,  with  #ieir 
little  lawns  and  gardens,  produce  a  livdy  itfid 
pleasing  eflfect.  s.";*«^*iii* 

i  As  darkness  had  come  on  before  thie^ship  liloitii 
be  properly  moored,  no  boata  weM  pei^ittied  ttt 


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yi»#lN##»t^nigltt>  bat;  at  aft  eariy  Kour  next  < 
iA^lriig,4eiTibhi6ed^  first  opfvortunkynjf  goingi, 
*#lll&ie.    To  reach  St.  George's,  the  caphal  of 
dtti^'feoldhy,  yoQ  are  obliged  to  row,  Ibr  sevenQ 
V^e»i  upaiumrcfffrfrith  espied  theferr|f,4ramediate»> 
^"im  etitering  whieh,  the  scenery  becomes  in  the 
Jighest  degree  pfrcturesque.    lliouf^h  still  retain* 
l^lpits  character  of  low,  the  ground,  on  each  sid^ 
0lm}iB  as  if  it  were  broken  into  little  swells,  the  whoHr 
tfvthem  beautifully  shaded  with  groves  of  cedar j 
and  many  of  them  crowned  with  country  *houJN»;» 
aogtt^ite  as  the  drifted  snow.     But  the  fact  is,  that 
^ts :  appearance  oFhill  and  dale  is  owing  to  the 
prodigious  number  of  islands  which  compose  the 
l^uster;  there  being,  in  all,  according  to  vulgas 
ittport,  not  fewer  than  three  hundred  andsijtty-five; 
of  which  the  largest  exceeds  not  seven  or  eight 
itiiles'inr  dmmeter.     Yet  it  is  only  when  you  fd- 
k)w  what  at  first  you  are  inclined  to^mistake  for 
v^ciKek,  m:  the  mouth  of  a  river,  that  you  discover 
the  want  of  vallies  between  these  hills ;  and  even 
tfien^you  are  mo^e  apt  to  fancy  yourself  upon  the 
bosom  of  a 'lake  studded  with  islets,  than  steer- 
ing, amid  spots  of  earth  which  stand,  each  of  them 
^Hfl^ct^'in  the  middle  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
imin  Uie  town  of  St«  George's  there  is  literally 
nothing  to  be  seen,  at  least  nothing  worthy  of 
losing  repeated;     It  consists  of  about  fifty  at  sixty 
]K»i»8s»;  ^  glare  from  which,  as  they  are  all  built 


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74  "^    .,fts««iv»4'    #   • 

Jp^9,  U  is  caUetd  ^JoifwH  jNsaMae  hM^i^ 
oouitrbouse  stands,  and  the  magisterial  sltiini>||> 
held;  but  in  point  of  skie,  and*  ni^ht  mfhtoiM 
leafn,  in  every  other  respects  It  iifii^tljr^itfBOor 
to  Hamilton,  another  town  at  the  opposite  exiief 
mity  of  the  cluster,  which  I  did  not;  visit  A  litl^f 
0if2iy-  from  St.  Geo  'e's,  and  on  the  summit  q^lia 
bare  rock,  stand  tlie  banraoks;  fitted  up^forvliil 
accommodation  of  a  thousand  men;  andaboutm 
mile  and  a  half  beyond  them,  vre  the  tanks*  wcill 
wor^  the  notice  of  travellers.  The  object:  jAdui 
work  if  to  catch  and  preserve  the  rain^  a  measure 
which  the  total  want  of  fresh  sprkigs  thiou|^ 
.<mt  the  colony  renders  absolutely  nece9iaf|F< 
There  are,  indeed,  wells  dug  upon  the  beach^^biit 
the  water  in  these  is  only  sea>water,  filtevsd  attd 
rendered  bracki^  in  making  its  way  throu^i^ 
sand ;  and  by  no  means  fit  to  be  used,  at  leasts  in 
any  quantity.  To  supply  this  deficioicy,  the  bad 
effects  of  which  were  experienced  in  theunhoaHJli- 
ness  of  many  of  the  crews  upon  the  Amwiom 
station,  ^vemment  was  induced  to  lxnl<^  these 
tanks ;  consequently  the  water  contained  in  4liMn 
is  the  property  of  the  king,  and  none  bat<  king's 
ships,  with  the  troc^  in  garrisonf  are  pertnittad, 
except  in  extreme  cases,,  tot  be  supplied  Item 
thence.    *?  -■  ■ '  r^-fe  ■  ^-'^- ,:"--  ,-■'-■  >  *'  ^ - 

'^  The  dmattaiBeaiaM^^Biea^^ 


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u|iiilitf%pit^  to^Btiabiteu^  artd  delightfuh  6'^ 
ttiat  lie«  «hd  th«  rest  of  its  eulogf!$tf^' 
disked  these  islands,  at  a  season  of  th#  ^ 
^dkHUfh^tfrom  Ifmlflii  which  I  visited  tliem,  but 
tifnw'th'elimtwittbeyoilii  every  thing  oppressive'.' 
rMMiigi  as  they  d6^'  liiidelr  the  itifluence  of  a  verticial 
\if^^j0^^  abdunding^  in  all  directions,  with  clifik  6f 
%  '  'liii<dialk; it  Is  obviotfs  that  the  consent  HlSee^ 
tli»lf 'the  sun's  rays  thereby  <|Scasioned  HkMW 
qbite  overpowering.  If  these  pahegyrists  iWi^tb 
sayj^bflt  as  long  as  you  contrive  to  keep  in  die 
s^nHi^-and  if  you  take  care  not  to  stir  abrdjid  till 
after  «n>'Set,  you  will  find  the  Bermudas  dteserv-' 
hig^liheh'  title  of  summer-islands,  then  t  Will* 
agite  with  them ;  but  I  believe  t!iere  is  no  man 
'*lioever''Wa}ked  the  street  of  St.  George's  sit 
nedii^  <lr  anyo^er  spot  where  the  sun-beamS  could 
f«i#  yWt  that  did  not  consider  the  heat  as  any- 
dii%fftther  than  temperate.  '« 

Bt]>  whatever  may  be  thought  of  the  clinlate^ 
dicifrcnl  I  dkinkv  be  but  one  opinbn  as  to  thft 
9al|«  it^iageneially»  admitted,  that  there  is  n# 
iMMB  w^ModQCdve  spot  of  earth  iqxm  the  face 
oPih^  deep,  ^aa  Bermuda.  The  only  animals 
whi^  -iqipear  to  tfactve  are -thev  goat,'  ^d  thi^ 
dtiek^;  the  :'eedBr  and  a  few  calash  trees 'an  thl^ 
01^  wood,  and,  except  the  most  common  kinds  of 
vnfpmiiMii'^  andfr  as  oabbagei^  onions^  aoid  «#iet 


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iiMeh  a  8tmfkgia>  iiMyteM^^itii,^^^^ 

lUfk>Us,  since  among  them  he  will  ftiicti 

and  the  (nne-apple  |  but  fb^  the^e^  «»  w«IMli^|i| 

almost  all  their  mher  comfbrtB  and  liwiMM^i^ 

Bermudians  are  indebted  tothe  CtrntlheM^i 

Hbi$orto  the  West  Indies.  Whether  thh^l^ijife  i!l|f 


f « 


to  the  natural  sterility  of  th«4tifl,  orttfUMb 
indolence  of  the  ipKabhanta,  I^oannot^ 
decide;  though  I  should  be  milinid  m^Mpm, 
ihtt  both  were,  in  some  degree/ to  bla<iM«f')fag|4M 
consequences  are  felt  by  all  visiters,  ift  a  VfljyllB'- 
sible  itianner,  every  article  of  litlnig  bei^'lieie 

'ielld  for  thrice  its  intrinsic  value.  That  fxrvMrteitaa 
should  be  dear  in  this  country  caniiot'^iil;|liii^ 
when  it  is  considered,  that  this  small  isUHld!:(VililB 
spite  of  myself  1  cannot  help  regarding  th^fHil^ 
cluster  as  one)  is  the  gebend  depot,- an^i^liiMilDf 
itsortfor  repairs  and  stoitftj  to  a  large  i»t>|>ori(wt 
6r  the  British  riavy,  scattered  along  #ie^^$6«tet^f 
America ;  bat,  surely,  if  *  the  natifea  ^tatcm^t 

^  tttore  indc«trious,^eyfmght*ifford^tb''«il^^^'t^ 
gfibdsat  a  dkeapto  rate,  aiid  at'^^tlie^ilM^lAlie 
«[i^ecurelin~eciual,  if  fmt  a  gi-eatel^  |)N)itti0itt 

^e^  kidolenice  is^beyond^i^'tetmcefitimii!  niJiWiin 

^"be  ^ttrfboted  on^  tOj  what>^  beSilMe»i>ittMli«iaibal 
cause,  ^fecility  witkwhic)|^&y^uifHiArtiii|% 


s-^ 


.M 


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R., 

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4. 


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Vl  f 


BlftMUDA. 


77 


they  demand  lipr  the  mmt  trifling  di  licle.  The 
poorest  and  meanest  freeman  upon  the  island, 
never  dreams  of  applying  his  own  hand,  or  even 
his  own  bead,  to  the  cultivation  of  the  ground ;  and 
being  abundantly  supplied  with  negro  slaves,  they 
leave  every  things  even  the  care  of  providing 
necessaries  for  themselves,  to  the  industry  of  that 
iil-used  race.  You  may  perhaps  consider  me  as  too 
sclvere  upon  the  Bermudians,  but  rest  assured  that 
I  repeat  only  what  I  was  told  by  some  of  them- 
selves; nor  did  I,  from  my  o\vn  personal  observa- 
tiojpi|,  discover  any  cause  to  question  the  veracity 
qS  ihy  infcxrmers. 

In  the  praise  bestowed  by  Mr.  Moore  upon  the 
beauty  of  these  regions,  I  do,  however,  most  cordi- 
ally join.  There  is  something  bewitchingly  pretty, 
for  pretty  is  perhaps  the  most  appropriate  epithet 
I  could  use,  in  every  one  of  the  many  views  which 
you  may  obtain  from  different  points.  The  low 
and  elegant  cedar,  the  green  short  turf,  the  frequent 
recurrence  of  the  white  and  dazzling  rock,  the  con- 
tinual rise  and  fall  of  the  numerous  small  islands, 
but  above  all,  the  constant  intermingling  of  land 
and  water,  seem  more  like  a  drawing  of  fairy  land, 
than  a  reality.  There  is  nothmg  grand,  nothing 
imposing,  or  calculated  to  excite  any  feeling  bor- 
dering upc»i  the  awful,  throughout  the  whole;  but 
it  is  soft,  gentle,  and  exquisitely  pleasing. 

Having  spent  the  day  at  St.  George's,  I  returned 
.     L 


Ji" 


i 

-¥»■ 


fM  ji 


¥. 


'<l 


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s  70 


BERMUDA. 


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> 


on  board  to  sle^p ;  and  on  ibfi  morrow  removedi 
with  my  baggage,  to  a  transport  then  lying  at 
anchor  within  the  ferry,  which  was  thenceforth  to 
be  my  head  quarters.  There  is,  I  am  aware,  an 
universal  prejudice  against  transports,  which  I 
firmly  believe  to  be  not  more  general  than  unjust 
There  are  few  gales  which  the  greater  number  of 
those  in  the  English  service  will  not  ride  out;  and 
there  are  few  situations  in  which  they  are  not  suf- 
ficiently manned,  toJ^e  manageable.  For  my  own 
part)  I  confess  my  predilection  for  a  transport 
rather  than  for  a  ship  of  war :  because  in  the  one, 
you  are  absolutely  nothing,  the  captain  being  there 
all  in  uU ;  whilst  in  the  other  you  are  at  least  your 
own  master,  and  have  the  command  of  your  own 
men*  To  my  new  quarters  I  accordingly  removed, 
without  experiencing  a  shadow  of  regret;  and 
soon  found  reason  to  congratulate  myself  on  the 
greater  degree  of  liberty  which  I  from  that  time 
enjoyed..  ^  > 

You  will  readily  believe,  that  a  very  small  por- 
tion of  my  time  was  now  wasted  on  board  ship ; 
for  economy's  sake  I  usually  slept  there,  because 
at  the  inn  the  charge  for  beds,  as  well  as  for  every 
thing  else,  was  enormous;  but  all  the  hours  of  day- 
light were  devoted  to  rawing  round  the  difierent 
islands,  and  climbing  the  diflPerent  eminences,  froni 
whence  the  most  extensive  prospects  were  to  be 
obtained.  Among  other  curiosities,  I  was  informed 


« 


4. 


^ 


w- , 


#' 


i* 


-W 


.•♦ 


h^T^ 


Piy^ 


-"■•-♦r  •*. 


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.,♦ 


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I 


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BBRMUDA.* 


» 


' ..  tiro  civfl  II  one  oC  the  little  isles,  distant^bout 
jibitf  ^or.five  mUesfrom  the  pladi:  where  we  lay. 
Being  asswed  that  they  were  highly  deserving  of 
notice»  I  determined  to  visit  them;  and  setting  off 
one  evening,  with  several  others,  for  that  purpose, 
wereached  the  spot  which  had  been  pointed  out  to 
VLB,  a  little  before  dark.  We  fastened  the  boat  to 
stump  of  a  tree,  and  were  proceeding  toward 
ives,  when  a  fine  manly  voice,  singing  one  of 
the  Irish  melodies,  attracted  qpr  attention.  Being 
rather  furious  to  discover  who,  in  this  extra- 
mundane  place,  had  learnt  to  sing  with  so  much 
taste,  we  followed  the  direction  of  the  sound,  till 
we  came  upon  a  party  sitting  under  the  shade  of 
a  tent,  and  like  ourselves,  enjoying  the  cool  of  the 
evening ;  on  perceiving  us,  some  of  them  came 
Jbrwardy  and  the  satisfaction  was  mutual,  when  we 
recognized  one  another  as  old  acquaintances. 
They  urged  us  to  relmquish  our  design,  and  to 
partake  of  their  good  cheer,  with  which,  as  the 
hour  was  late,  we  had  small  reluctance  in  com- 
plying ;  and  it  was  agreed,  that  instead  of  going 
on  without  proper  guides,  and  at  so  unseasonable 
a  time,  we  should  breakfast  together  at  the  same 
spot  in  the  morning,  and  proceed  in  a  body  to 
examine  the  caverns.  Here,  therefore,  we  re- 
mained till  the  moon  had  risen,  when  we  returned 
ta  our  boat,  and  sailed  back  to  the  ship. 
Next  morning  every  thing  was  got  ready  for  the 


A 


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expMmkiii,  but  «  hesPiK^«<|Bttn  comkig  on,  p% 


iHnf 


vented  ils  from  setting  olittui^^Brly  as  we 
intended  $  as  soon  as  ^h  blew  ovek',  we  tcx^  16 
our  boat,  and  reached  the  place  of  rendezvous  in 
time  to  share  the  remains  of  a  good  Ix'eakfilsti 
which  our  friends  had  prepared  for  themselveslttid 
tfeS '  ■  When  it  was  finished,  we  supplied  oursfclv^ 
tvith  torches  from  some  dry  branches  of  the  CalftsH 
tree,  and  headed  by  a  guide,  moved  towairdsihe  - 
mouth  of  the  neareH  and  largest  of  the  two  cave^. 
We  descended  into  this  by  a  ladder  of  sixteen  steps^ 
and  arrived  ufxin  a  broad  ledge  of  roCk,  where  w6 
halted  for  a  few  minutes  to  light  the  torches,  arid 
accustom  our  vision  to  the  gloom ;  when  both  of 

*^  these  ends  were  attained,  and  we  had  advancisd  a 
few  p&ces  into  the  cave,  a  sight  of  the  most  inde^ 
scribable  sublimity  burst  upon  us.  The  appea;!*- 
ance  was  that  of  a  huge  Gothic  cathedral,  havhig 
its  roof  supported  upon  pillars  of  spar,  mouldiid 
into  the  most  regular  shapes,  and  fluted  and  carved 
after  the  most  exact  models  of  architecture.  The 
roof  itself,  however,  was  too  lofty  to  be  disceified, 
nor  could  the  eye  penetrate  to  any  thing  like  an 
extremity,  all  beyond  a  certain  extent  being  wrap- 
ped in  the  most  profound  darkness  $  but  the  flashies 
of  light  which  at  intervals  streamed  out,  as  the  gfire 
of  the  torches  fell  upon  pieces  of  ^par  as  clear  as 
crystal,  and  the  deep  echo  of  our  own  voices  as  U'e 

^  spoke,  inspired  u?  with  a  feeling  of  aws,  bordering 


> 


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^^ 


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J>:.-^- 


,  -  .« , 
mxii  «vp«i4IAI(iti.  Itis  ihr^sudi«'titaationnlthis, 
ifiai  #fe  pooiii«fl(8' %nd  tftftlg^  of  human 

Ittbbur,  most  forcibly  ft&jktts  ths  mfind  The  ^most 
HMgnificeht  clmich  and  abbey,  wiih  their  sculp- 

ttntd  pill^ris  and  vaulted  ceilings,  were bought  of 
«is.4neah  ia  comparison  of  what  was  now  before 
lisfnay,  one  could  not  help  imi^ning,  that  these 
jr^  churches  and  abbeys  had  been  built  in  humble 
vi'-^ inbition  of  this,  which  looked  like  a  temple  reared 
by  some  beings  more  powc^ul  than  men.  It 
seemed  a  shrine  worthy  of  the  genii  of  old,  while 
yet  diey  were  in  the  zenith  of  their  glory,  and  ere 
theyhad  been  driven  from  their  thrones  and  oracles 
of  cbrkness,  by  the  light  of  Christianity. 
t  As  we  moved  onward,  we  found  the  sides  of  the 
cave  gradually  narrow  upon  us,  and  the  roof  be- 
come lower  and  lower.  There  was,  however,  a 
Gontinuaaoe  of  the  same  fane-like  appearance  to 
the  last,  though  growing  more  and  more  contracted; 
tiir^  finally,  we  were  compelled  to  advance  one  by 
one,  and  to  stoop  in  order  to  prevent  our  heads 
finom  coming  in  contact  with  the  rock.  We  had 
now  gone  aa  far  it  was  possible  to  go  with  any 
cbgreeof  coi||ifi3rt,and  were  informeyl  by  the  guide, 
that  we  were  upwards  of  three  hundred  yards  from 
the  entrance,  when  we  foimd  it  expedient  to  wheel 
about,  and  to  return  to  the  open  air.  But  the  e£Pect 
of  so  sudden  a  change,  from  darkness  to  light,  was 
exceedingly  disagreeable ;  msomuch,  that  we  has - 


■1^'' 


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■»-  ft 


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82 


into  the  amalltf  cave,  ds  weU  for  the  i 
of  deferring  Aemom^tof  Mflfering,  as  to  contit 
our  search  after  the  sublime.  -4 

The  entrance  to  this  cavern  is  extremely  dan- ' 
gerous,  and  not  to  be  ventwed  upon  without 
either  a  trusty  guide,  or  a  thorough  knowledg^^ 
the  ground.  After  descending  a  ladder,  not  quke^ 
sodeep  as  that  which  leads  into  the  laiger  cave,  you 
arrive  at  the  brink  of  a  fearful  chasm,  across  wMch 
a  flat  stone,  about  two  feet  in  width,  is  laid,  ccm> 
necting  the  edges  by  a  bridge  of  four  or  five  feet 
in  length.  It  is  very  fortunate  that  this  frightful 
bridge  is  of  no  greater  extent,  for  if  you  should 
chance  to  slip,  or  lose  your  balance  whilst  upon  it, 
nothing  could  save  you  from  being  precipitated 
into  the  gulf.  To  what  depth  this  chasm  may 
reach,  the  guide  could  not  inform  us ;  but  that  it 
is  considerable,  we  discovered,  by  dropping  a  large 
stone,  which  we  could  hear  for  some  time  as  it 
dashed  against  the  projecting  edges  of  the  rdtk, 
and  at  length  splashed^  with  a  tremendous  echo, 
into  water.  The  man  maintained,  that  the  sea  beat 
under  the  foundation  of  the  island  asiar  as  the  spot 
where  we  now  stood,  and  his  story  ipras  rendered 
at  least  probable,  by  the  number  of  pools  of  salt- 
water, which  we  met  with  in  the  interior  of  the 
cave. 

After  having  visited  the  larger  cavern,  this  cer- 
i    tainly  appeared  to  disadvantage ;  but,  had  I  beheld 


■ttf 


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83 


itifst,  or  without  setting  ^  odier  at  alt,  I 
hmre  believed  Aat  noAAfif  upon  earth  could  sur 
pagf  it  for  grandeur  and  beauty ;  the  only  respect 
in  which  it  is  inferior  to  tlie  other,  being  its  size. 
The  spar  is  as  clear,  and  proportionably  as  abun- 
dant ;  the  pillars  are  quite  as  regularly  formed ; 
and  it  has  even  an  advantage  over  its  rival  in  two 
or  three  broken  columns,  which  give  to  it  the  sem- 
^W^nce  of  a  temple  in  ruins.  There  is,  also,  in  this 
eave,  a  strange  propinqtiity  of  salt  and  fresh  water 
pools ;  the  situation  of  two  of  which  struck  me  as 
peculiarly  curious.  They  were  divided  from  each 
other  by  a  piece  of  rock  not  much  thicker  than  a 
man's  hand ;  and  yet  the  water  from  the  one  tast- 
ed as  if  it  had  been  taken  froniihe  German  ocean, 
while  that  from  the  other  was  as  fre^h  and  plea- 
sant as  possible. 

We  had  by  this  time  fully  gratified  our  curiosity, 
and  once  more  ascended  to  the  world  of  sunshine ; 
thd*splendour  of  which  was  at  first  almost  insup- 
portable. By  degrees,  however,  our  eyes  became 
accustomed  to  the  change,  and  recovered  their 
original  tone,  when  we  separated,  each  party  re- 
turning to  its^spective  ship,  in  high  good  humoia 
with  the  day's  employment. 

But  to  dine  quietly  on  board  was  no  longer  En- 
durable. A  tent  was  accordingly  carried  on  shore, 
and  having  sou^t  out  the  most  shady  and  agreea- 
We  nook  within  a  moderate  distance  of  the  vessel, 


.«■    ^j 


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fi> 


84 


BERMUDA. 


our  Ipincr  was  brought  thither,  and  we  spent  the 
evening,  as  we  had  done  the  morning,  arnong  the 
works  of  nature.  Here  we  remained  till  a  late 
hour,  talking  over  the  adv^i^ntures  of  the  day,  and 
occasionally  attempting  a  blind  peep  into  futurity, 
till  our  friend,  the  moon,  having  risen,  we  again 
pulled  on  board  by  her  light,  and  retired  to  sleep, 
and  to  dream  of  sparry  domes  and  enchanted  tem- 
ples. 


^^ 


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tv 


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LETTER  VII. 


•k 


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■♦ 


^^^   ik'- 


%i|  ;  «fiitFmBXBvD  away  by  the  desire,  so  natuial  to 
m/oat  men,  of  speaking  of  myself,  I  have  neglected 
tci  reccH'd  the  occurrence  of  some  incidents  which 

■i'  you  will  probably  consider  as  more  interesting  than 
my  that  I  have  yet  told,  because  they  relate  to  the 
expediticm  at  large.  In  the  first  place  I  forgot  to 
.  state,  that  we  found  Sir  Alexander  Cochrane  in  the 
Tonnant  of  eighty  guns,  waiting  at  Bermuda,  to 
take  upon  himself  the  guidance  of  the  fleet.  In 
1||6  next  place,  I  did  not  inform  you,  that  die  secret 
of  our  destination  transpired  as.  soon  as  we  had 
aitduMred  Ibff  the  island ;  and  that  the  bay  of  Che> 
sapiake  is  to  be  the  theatre  of  our  operations. 
Lastly,  I  omitted  to  mention,  that  on  the  30th,  our 
little  army  was  re^iforced  by  the  junction  of  the 
21stFusileers;  a  fine  battalion,  mustering  nine  hun- 
dred bayonets.  The  evening  before,  a  squadron 
of  six  frigates  and  several  transports  appeared  in 
the  offing,  which  by  mid-day  on  the  30th  were  all 
at  anibhor  in  the  roads.  They  proved  to  be  from  tlie 
Mediterranean,  having  tl^e 2 1st,  291l&j  and62d  Re- 
glimentson  board,  of  which  the  two  latter  were  pro- 


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»vfiiictn>A» 


At 


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%edihigi>  join  Sk'Gedlrge  PrevoBl^safmyiaC^ 
da»  i^ile  thfr  fbrmer  attached  itself  to  that  uHcher 
the  command  of  General  Ross.    -By  this  veiy  ac- 
ceptable reinforcement^  our  numbers  were  itiereiS!^ 
ed  to  upwards  of  three  thdusand  efiectivej  ni«^^: 
and  ft^eater  confidence  in  themselves, -as  well  as 
abetter  grounded  hope  of  success,  Ifi  whatever 
(mterjMrize  diey  might  undertake,  was  at  tlie  same   |» ' 
time  given  to  the  troops.  1,44 

■  1  ving  already  dweh  sufficiently  upon  my  eym 
\|>  Tsonal  adventures  at  Bermuda,  I  shall  not  waste  ,^ 
y< ;  yr  time  by  a  particular  detail  of  the  vaorious  frti- 
pa2  ?.tions  which  during  this  interval  were  making 
ti"  .Tughout  the  fleet.  Stores  of  jMrovisioiiai,  fresh  • 
r  ater,  ammunition,  clothing,  &c.  v/ere  ;nrovider1, 
and  magazines  for  the  future  si^;|>ly  of  the  ex|)e- 
diticHi  established;  when,  on  the  3d  of  Augijeptt^ 
all  things  being  now  con^ete,  Ihe  sh^w  >oiioe 
more  got  under  wesgh,  andstood  towards  Amonca. 
'  During  ^  whole  of  this  day,  the  wand^  was 
%ht  and  unsteady,  consequently  lioile  progress 
was  made,  nor  did  the  whit^rocks  of  Bermuda 
disappear  tifi^darkness  concealed  hem ;  but  to- 
wards nKuningafresher  and  more  favourable  iHvese 
sprung  up,  and  the  rest  of  the  voyage  was  perform- 
ed in  reasonable  time,  aati  wiUvJUt  the  occurrenoe 
of  any  incident  worthy  of  notice.  The  bei  ,  iddeed, 
b<icame  more^d  more  oppressive  every  day,  4ind 
the  irksomeness  of  renewed  confinsnwnt  was  moce 


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ifr  long  holiday  winch  ^ 
w#h»d  enjoyed  cm^on»f^b<i^l,  ill  other  re^pe^tSt  > 

«^«Hgf^cliingratiirned^lDitai^^  state,  tiUtoward|^ 
mmnku^^iXi  thoH^  when^a  s^;nal  i«as  made  bjii^! 
IHe  admiral^  that  land  was  in  si^t    As  yet,  how*^^^ 
evcr^^there  was  no  appeareunce  of  it  from  the:  decl(  ^ 
of^our  transpcHt,  nor,  for  a  full  half  hour,  codkl  our 
taixioiis  gaze  be  rewarded  by  the  slightest  trace  o|'^' 
what  it  sought ;  but,  at  the  end  of  that  time,  the 
}6w  sandy  point  of  Cape  Charles  began  to  shoW' 
Itself,  and  we  rejoiced  in  the  prospect  of  a  speedy 
i^lsase  fiom  the  ennui  of  a  sea-faring  life. 

-^^ie  coast  of  America,  at  least  in  this  quarter,  i' 
W^imivertiiMy  low  and  uninteresting ;  insomuch 
Ihat  for  some  time  before  the  land  itself  can  be  dis<« 
OM^edj  Ifxests  of  pines  appear  to  rise,  as  it  were^ 
0#«ef  the  water,     it  is  also  dangerous,  from  the  i^ 
llim^iniDS  shoak  and  sand-banks  which  run  ou^  ii 
in  many  places,  to  a  considerable  extent  into  the 
SIM ;  and  which  sac  so  formidable,  that  no  master  ^ 
of  a  vessel,  imleas  he  chance  to  be  particularly  well 
«Gquav^ed  wkb  li||  navigation,  will  venture  to 
approach  after  dark.    The  fleet  wis.  accordingly 
anchored  within  a  few  miles  of  the  Siiore,  but  no  - 
sooner  had  the  da^r  began  to  break,  than  the  sails 
w«re  again  hoisted ;  and  ^  sh4>s  s'i.eering  under 
Ike  influence  of  a  k«ding  wind,  between  the  C^pes 
Charlai  and  Hinry,  stood  In  gallai#  style  up  thjC  ,, 
Chesapeake.  .,,^      ^  .^ 


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^"^  This  noble  bRy%  ftr  Ibo  widtt;imdthe  UMil««li 
each  side,  too  i)at  to  permit  any  biit  an  indisdNsi 
glimpse  of  the  shore,'fttim  the  ^a«k  of  a  vessel 
#hich  keeps  well  towards  th«  middle.  We  could 
distinguish  nothings  therefore,  on  either  hand^^^ 
except  the  tops  of  trees,  with,  occasionally^' a  Wind- 
mill, or  a  light-house;  but  die  view  of  our  own 
fleet  was,  in  truth,  so  magnificent,  as  to  prev«Wit 
any  murmuring  on  that  account.  Immediately  ttn 
entering,  we  were  joined  by  Admiral  Cockbilm 
with  three  line  of  battle  ships,  several  frigatesj  and 
a  fev!'  sloops  of  war  and  gun  brigs,  by  whfbh 
means,  the  squadron  could  now  mustinrabovetwen- 
ty  vessels  entitled  to  display  the  pendant,  besidesan 
equal,  if  not  greater  number  'of  victuallers  and 
transports.  Nor  were  we  streng^iened  by  tlfis 
addition,  in  the  naval  part  of  the  expedition  iii^ilb. 
On  board  these  ships  was  embarked  a  p6w«ffid 
'^  reirtforcement  for  the  army,  consistii^^  of  a  %atta* 
lion  of  seven  hundred  marines,  an  hundred  negroes 
lately  armed  and  disciplined,  and  a  division  of 
marine  artillery ;  so  that  we#ould  now  oaloukite 
en  landing  a^rps  of  at  least  four  thousand  men. 
The  sight  was  therefore  altogether  as  grand*  and 
imix)singas  any  I  ever  beheld;  because  one^tioiild 
not  help  remembering  that  diis  powerfi^  Aeet^was 
saving  in  an  enemy's  bay,  and  was  Bifed  widi 
troops  for  till  invasion  of  diat  cfteiaf's  cOioDitry. 
Thus,  like  a  snow-baU,  wc  had  gathered  as  we 


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^f^tiJililKil^i^i  ]ttf%!|fet;Qnt  a  «iiae  hnidful 

iteiUi^ny  wife  whT'  l^^come  an  aimy  fennklable 

friM»it8nuiniM»»^i»  will^iaMisviplme.  ■  it^^mijtl^ 

1P)l6iihottl»flfid«mdrlM»ka,  which  abound  Oil  &e 

|biitflid»  oC  the  bay,  continue  to  encumber  .ihe 

aa\i^tion  after  it  is  entered ;  and  the  con8fi|||«^e 

was)  that^  fleet  was  compelled  to  anchor  every 

Qigtlt*  This  was,  of  course,  the  occasion  of  mu^ 

tdehiy«/The  first  day's  sail  cairied  us  to  the  mouth 

^  the  James  river ;  and  the  second  to  the  mouth 

eC  the  Potomac;  but,  on  both  occasions,  we  brought 

i|]»  at  too  great  a  distance  from  the  beach,  to 

|«rmit- a  perfect  or  distinct  view  of  either  of  these 

rivers.  Opposite  to  the  latter,  indeed,  we  remained 

^r  a  night  and  a  considerable  part  of  the  follow- 

Ing  day,  and  the  sky  being  remarkably  clear,  we 

4b^  something  more  of  it,  than  we  had  been  aUe  to 

see  of  the  other  river.  It  appeared  to  be  a  fine  pi^ce 

bf  Water  making  its  w^  through  the  centre  of  huge 

forests^  and,  though  the  current  is  in  reality  strong, 

flowing  on  without  any  appaient  motion.    But  it 

Would  have  bee^lr  impossible  to  trace  its  course, 

'  %v6n  had  we  been  nearer  the  shore,  above  a  few 

"^  fnSesy  on  a|eount  of  its  numermis  windings,  die^first 

^ which)  overshadowed  as  it  is  with  wood,  shuts  it 

out  fi^dm  fiurther  observation.  By  continuing  here 

BO  long,  we  had  begun^to  conjecture  that  a  landing 

somewhere  on  die  banks  of  this  ikrer  was  in  con- 

Ifemphition.    In  diis,  however,  we  wore  deceived, 


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for  almit  one  o^ckwk  thejftiiliiiw^g^iimdtiii^i 
aB4*1iMivmg  towards  liM  l^atioontf  ^r^ver  wIjmAj^ 
ea^tiM  jtself  into  the  bay^  several  miles  i  abov# 
the^Dtomac.  '^ 

It  ^iiraa  singular  enough^  that  the  ahipa  hadt$' 
scarry  began  to  lift  their  anchors,  when  the  sky, 
which  had  hitherto  been  clear  and  seren^tbecami 
^      suddenly  darkened,  and  overcast    with   heai^ 
clouds ;  and  the  water,  which  before  had  been  ■||^ 
smooth  and  bright  as  a  mirror,  began  to  rise  in 
black  waves  tipped  with  foam,  though  there  wis 
,     not  a  breatfi  of  air  to  fill  the  sails.     Hurricanet 
'  are,  I  believe,  not  unfrequent  in  this  part  of  tlnh 
;     world,  and  it  was  expected  that  these  changes  in 
the  sea  and  sky  foreboded  the  ahival  of  one ;  buH 
it  passed  by  without  coming  to  any  violence  aoil^ 
when  we  brought  up,  which  was- done  i<Nii| 
evening,  the  cloutls  had  dispersed,  and  the  Wtmm 
f  was  again  lilx  a  glussy  lake.  Ai^^:,,' 

The  18th  of  Auj^ust  had  now  arrived,  and  as  yet 
we  had  got  no  farther  than  to  the  mouths  the 
Patuxent.  There  we  lay  ^  as  wq|^d  done  the  day 
before,  tBl  noon,  waiting,  as  it  seemed^  for  # 
bieezre;  but  no  sooner  did  the  wind  blow  #ur0 
than  the  fleet  began  to  enter  the  river,  and  Ip  mak« 
its  way  slowly  and  majestictdly  against  the  sdeam.  „  • 
^  The  saU  became  now  picturesque  and  intevBrtiBg 
in  the  highest  degree.  On  each  handit|pe  iMnks 
were  covered  with  fields  f£  Lidiui  ccnm^  and  mca<r1i^«^ 


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/'it(9W8  #^tfifr4li0it  luiMrHmtpftsturftf-i^vMle'the 

'%WM  %doden  hoiistB  of'  (M  86lllert,  ait«  tff  thetti 

pjfiArtM  «Mle,  And  surrewkMI  #M)  erchlidft  ind 

gardens,  presented  a  striking  contrast  toth«%b6iifid- 

1e«i  f(1t«at8  iviiidi  formed  a  back  ground  to  the 

K^He,    There  was,  m  shorty  the  most  deli|^ul 

*"  .4Afaaure  of  art  and  nature  that  can  possibly  be  con- 

ieehfed;  difierent  in  every  respect  from  what  T  ^  i 

leen  towards  the  skirts  of  the  pine- woods  in  F       e. 

4         ,7  There,  the  country  looked  as  if  it  had  been    ^ 

^  *    'Cleared,  and  as  if  there  had  not  been  ttm^    ^o 
^  jsemove  liie  furze,  heath,  and  underwood,  nor  yet 

>  j|o  bum  or  grub  up  the  roots  of  the  trees  which 
^ihad  been  felled.     Here,  there  was  the  most  com- 
^iplete  line  drawn  between  the  regions  devoted  to 
■eulthration,  and  diose  still  in  a  state  of  nature. 
i|iRhe*foanks  of  the  river  being  tolerably  high,  and 
fdojl^g gradually  di^'vi.  to  meet  the  water,  the  whole 
'^^hm  inclination  is  ^i-'^irely  cleared  and  cultivated,  > 
^       not  a'Temnant  of  the  original  forest  being  left,  ex- 
'CNEfpt  te  much  as  isrequired  toform  the  most  beautiful 
^  «hedgfr«row«  and  bnundaries  between  the  diflPerent 

'^elds  andferins.  Thesame  appearance  coAtinues to 
ISte'^dkManoejff  perhaps  half  a  mile  from  the  water^ 
<AM^*!«p|iolefipliee  behig  an  perfectlyiree  from  i^^ood, 
«aif>itiiiii»«liBd«v«r<grdiivn  there ;  when  you  arrive  * 
^ tMee^a[t<ii#bordert<cff€orestfi  'through  which  m 
4|||  I  HI  ^i^'vmight  pretendlQfpenetrate,andiio  traveller  ven- 
%r#lo«eek^fais  ins^^  Without  behotding  the  viesiH^, 


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23  WKT  MAM  STRUT 

WaSTIR.N.Y.  I4SW 
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^  '^  Iil|i8tete»  The  imm  ^mii  £iiMt»  uvj^mWhpe 
lieyoiid  deserytion,  whibt^the  ^^^BMiim«l||>#** 
uodic^^  dominioii^  of  e\4tui!e  andvdirMis^^ 
appear  only^ike  p^y  thefts,  fipgm  the^wfltfebaiKi' 
aad  wiUer  htiman  inhabitants  of  ihaf  aaf  amllij 
which  they  care  not  to  resent,  l^caineHhtyipetiHr 
wor^y  of  thdr  notice.  HMM«pfiis& 

,  i4'  need  not  inform  you,  ^t  in  AmeriG%T««^iiill 
as  in  allodier  late  discovered  countries^  the  faltfto^ 
of  "^vigable  rivers  are  the  first  pIace&|ieopled4Bid 
cleared.  The  causes  of  this,  you  are  as  mudbiwini 
dP  as  I  am ;  namely,  thaTthe  fiicility  with^wiudlK 
tiiey  can  rid  themselves  of  tetiee^  asii 
thfl^andperhaps,  in  somedegii6e,th( 
constant  supply  of  fish  fipomdie  streaaiwi^^     , 
,  j^iettlers  to  seleot  such  situations,  in 
others  further  in  the  interior.    T\i^vm^piik$r. 
ilily,  the  modves  whichfii^t  influenced  tfaeip  in  iMr 
cMoe  of  spots,  on  w^  talgptow  theirMspri 
^#pd»  if  they  have  an  eye  t»  fykt^tfriimj^miSkfm 
t^fl  that  die  same  e9$acrmkkh$i^^ 
'.op^ljidoiis  mt^smai^^^^^f^i^^^ 

^     «t  home  or  abftM^ "Atafl  up  ■m^,:S$-%mm§l^- 
AiperiGaJif,  th«re|iDrsf  < 


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iiWit  III  lljlii^lirii^-llirte  t>euiidii  of  pa^tMtim 
giMitndftludf  dfbiacuit,  wereeodEeft^«id|iviil 
li|(||>Hfin»ii -Ay  cAiioudi  bt)x«i  ii^erae^i^^ 
illiliirii  iiiiiiiiiiililiiilr  ««<tf^  anm^  ai^  accpi# 

wMKNit  IhMng  fll]r  indinsi 
riifnif  fij^f  M«  at  lengtbl  haYin^asoeiuled 
loe  «i||ii  feagaesJroiiivthebe9:f  M 
in  totidee  the  |protiiid^  «p|yt# 
r,  «Vttiiih6  frig&tes  caMpmm^ 
ii||iplii^3fiut,  bf  vi^  4iada«0p^ 


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#i8tiiiiied1ov|ittvte#ieihcM^^«^ 

itioored  foit  ttid  aft  whli'S{)ri^fi«atAil«^ib*«Wll 

ihoglther  as  manageable  as  if  she  ■fai^ttiiu'lliiW' 

^.  '-iTlie  rest  of  the  ships  were^  8eveililiiil||lft 

lower  donii^tfiestreaiiaP,5omeof^efii%efii9l»l^^ 

atlfai^istance  of  four  leagues  frofn  this  poiitlH!>i>t 

die  boats  were  <^kfy  hoisted  outfirofft  everf  «Mb 

Uglftiem,  and  the  rif^  was  covered-in  a  tnd^  ^ 

W^dl-manned  and  warlike  flaltila* 

a^tkm  was  eonducted  widi^die 

id  dispatch.  Though  ^  stre«<i|i 

them,  and  some  of  diem  weye  i 

«iIbw  fdurteen  or  fifteen  miles  baxpm9ti^JI»l0m' 

^tfardsi^fo  strenuouslji^did  i^e  saiiorMpnl  lAilir 

^ires>vthat  %  threesfiielec|^^#l 

^alMiiywas  iande^ 

H'  '^IHiRi'What  il^i 


IfiM^io  ib6^  and 

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^jt^;^^^^,.,.,^;.^^,^^^^,^^  g  1^*      VI   1^  meet.,  ki 

j|g>|gp»ji»ij^f ftfr.ydi  tahep  p^sAcysfion  qf  b]m9> 
piMiiWtclMiiii^fnMght  have  been  a«pne.up<^.tlne 
AlWlg^pt^ndrivi^ towards  Ae  beach ;  batey;q| 
Al^vriiiiiyiiiave  been  triaing,  because,  u^ 
iM||^aidf?kiiure  to  hefiA  their  shot,  no  ptHl^ryviii 
J|^||ifi>{(«9y^  before  the  fiie 

«l|lMa  glin-brigt  anned  as  this,  v^as,  fori^he  oc- 
jiniililii  jiri^lpig  thul^Ttwopoiiii^efs.  Each  boat- 
llpd  ,gf«(a(4<%aB»  likewise,  ,df^w  up  the  vu«fi^g0 
ifillSii^^  without  any 

^i||l#fiiri^^  whilst  E«^ 

lliMtltttBRlly^^^tfi^ed  to  reconnoitre,^ inKi^ 
iidlijiiBession  of  every  house*  as  well  as  to  lii^ 
i!tl^<iiedgQi  In^fitpnt  of  the  shore  where  thek  oeaar 
liliil'«^««f«p^arviving.  ^Bnt  these  preperatioai^ 
i4|b|fgtlPC^>K«^  llia%  coMi^on  {trudence  re^if^; 
piimiimtBeeisaisrj'^nqe;  there  watiiot  only  tm>$0: 


_  th#*hosiHtal4Ki|^ 
^  li^ght  up,.4»Mliai.ik 


**"'^r  *'?W  ^^^^^^^^^^ ' 


^•# 


^-. 


$    A  . 


>• 


:#. 


r. 


<♦  • 


V. 


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■^ 


■  r 


?^ 


IFfah  AniTTmt  finMi  ■ftrii)iii"liMii 
.  '•^•*  ;,  f^UGh  WW  divided  iwto 

n^gqiPp,  and  a  con^aiiy  (^ joftriipi^^i 
^to  abf^t  eleven  hiradiedlB^  r  to^  #iii!ii|pri^ 
(tf.  ,whic^  qd;  i^t^,  <)f  Oielll^Mi^l 
wasappQiiiteili,  JJlhcaecmdbilff^^ 

g^lBT  fpurteeii^hiiilj^  «id  sixt^r  ^c»| 
WAS  oomijiumdfid  by  Col.  iN|i|»i,iiC  t||^^ 
t^Ji^d  wasmfide  up  o|^e  2|il»j 

i^:  (^n^ianded  l:^  Col.  F«liO|pQB)(i!| 

jp^ftl^liir  %Niiiand  md  tMi>i|i|||  p^t^ 


:.r.' 


fl 


1  -^^^ 


0'* 


1"^--"  ->" 


^: 


v. 


%  ''k.^ 


^teiii^iillMi  ilBiaili'  ■'ill  •"  i"hiiaiii'^ririiiiitif  li    -jyo*.. -»■>  jl<.,.^>^    .  » 


4ii|ta^«»iii¥futed  «t^^fe^  five  h 

#Mto^I<^^army  was  posted  upoif  a  heigjtl 
li|p|t  <he  ^dbtance  oi  two  iftSitfrom  ^e  H^er. 
Himibt  wasT^vaUey,  ctiltivatfl^  for  someway, 

£llltlsDMfeted  with  orcharar  a^|#&rth«r  extie- 
of  wM£^  the  advance^quets^  tbok  Hi)^ 
'       |rt>f^ingfol^Wai^A  chamofsentfa^ 

of  Oie  forest.  The  right  d|^^ 
|4>^ils  protected  by  a  &rm-house  urit^  itft" 
aiid  oiit-btkildings,  and  the  left 
of  the  hill^  or  rafter  mouad^ 
tfM^^Aupfdy  ended.  On  the  brow  of  ^ 
aikil«9*^#e^eentee  of  the  liQe^  wfpe  placiid^ 


'¥,,*«. 


•*^ 


^ 


r.?'^ 


■4^  :  : 


='* 


r-^ 


*» 


'^ 


(      •''•■•.I 


4:3 


,^ 


y^ 


Pfe 


^^ 


'^I<iil^>tfi!|«i4||||^i9,  upRi^: 

py  00196  downlo  i^l^ 


s 


^fc(T 


.V 


'9: 


7* 


*<^> 


'  !*£'^M  '  '■'^:^f 


'^v..^ 


i^iV   ,»  '**'*»*i^ 


^?&- 


:*• 


**. 


^AT 


'  r^^^ 


1. 


not  MxM»t^\ip»k  \Miag  m^ 
dun  in  fixNit,  the  ehiki  ^  |>i(|dii  #it '#Mi    ^ 
ioiin|l,Mk  flanki^Midte  imttigeid,llMt  qo  ittiiip|ft 
«  couIdlMknwdetoget  b^vir^ 

>       >t>  >  f^'Pl^lli^withcmtdutiy^^ 

#  ^;?Iv^  lUidppevent  i^.  <  jEvfiy  thing,  in,  short,  vi^'i«^o 

Iptnged  Wiethe:  u^tiQst  skill,  sn^cvo^vohainiisr^ 
%li|il|pQ8e,^jp^  but^lbi^ffjig[|lthg^ 

in  quiet,  hdr  wss  ah  opportunity  ;afibsde4  of 
<;ing,,^  very  soldier-like  diHpositionfcri 
bipen,inade. 


a 


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m 


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■/■-^c 


rW'"^: 


■r 


^ 


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■# 


•  vT* 


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•_.  ■■■»'■■■,. .  ■  ^^' 

''tmf<  ft. 


'^^te^j.*^. 


vv 


"■'4?'- 


#,^;,      '•Wt^'jlf^*''*^-' 


^,F 


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#   4 


^^ 


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yw'  '-^^ 


4 


:.^' 


k^  ,jf  .^  #^,  ££TTER''  Vnii     '  '• ' ' '    ■"  '•''  ''''^'- 

%mt^fiiMi%  tfie  trobpi,  lb  is  d!(|^N^^ 
ifpl'itateljf *attiye  irafikre;  #tte  un^  ^uM4 1^ 
llefbre'ddr^-light ;  and  rtiMidhed  ih  pttilibil 
the'sun  had  risen.  It  was  theif  donlSd^ 
that  the  column  wdtild  be  put  in  mo*. 
lMM^^!hoti|h  m  what  directim  h'^i^  proceed, 
«r  what  i^fftheibjeet  of  tht^^i^,  none  bult 
AiiGtneiil  himself  appeafedlifl^ov^.  A  rumo^, 
ItHlii;  prti^^,  that  a  flotilla  of  gun-boats  upbn 
AlWkll&emf  commanded  by  the  AmericaiiTcom^' 
iMp^  Bfiniey,  was*the  point  of  attack ;  and  thi^ 
iMt'^ land  force  advanced  up  the  river  1||> 
^eir  retreat,  armed  boats  from  the  fleet 
igetfaem  in  front.  That  i^h  wis 
i^^i^likii^l^lmary  object  of  tie  ^  dl^'l 
iJNHBti  II  ji'  ii|iiil'ir6l)elief  e,  though  tilhcumst 

l^'bring  about  a 
^W  ^peratiohs.r|^Ne^theie, 
4ia^%mm  '^l^iim  beetle  they  aie^.  ii 


4    4 


■ij 


■he<^- 


^  'V 


^ 


I, 

i 


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w 


fc.    f^^ 


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> 


V 


i»iytl|p|iniitiona»  was  vpiilin^  I  dMfliknvii^ 

;^.^  ^^l^'^Vilyr  hid  occupM  dpiriog  the  iiigfat,^«Bd>il|||r 
;    '^  thiar«Mun|Bd  it»inne  face  11^^ 


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:^ft' 


tf 


'^« 


;.  ■ 


IT*  '  '.J 


■■^ 


,!>* 


^'^ 


»' 


li^tUi  at|t»  affiOra  nnntimirii  till  ftwif  nf ijnyili 
th^altornooiiy  whtD  thegentiai 
bitiiljpearaaof Ji^'^lfae  camp,  tht biiglaa 


\m 


''^'^   andtbe  legiili^liJvmedm  Q^dMrfbr 

ghieiH  and  %^l|^y.i|»|gBn  t»4^^ 
direction  of  tlot^^^plM,  a  t^^^ 
fwrer,  where  it  was  understood  thp  ^,i»fi||| 
alaoffaor.    The  mardi  waa  JXtOaiM  «ff>ii0l$       ^^ 
^e^ctiuliQl^  and  good  oMliiliiafth^  > 

of  ground  for  encamjiftig^     -i^  .  -  ^^  ^ 


'^^^^  ^.thiB  troops  in  poaitiQii.    7h»t^ 
t       |plifdQ«0sistiiig  of  three  conipmiieft 


:>#;^:  :^' 


;ii  *•' 


*x 


■H 


,% 


1^ 


tm  i»feiitf  fiddi##l^^        Mtfly  hiir 

aniillg^  Mir  tht  tdvatic^  g«iii>d,  teiviiif  m  kl»^^ 

i^Ml  dTltliii^^        an  himditd  tffd  fil^ 

phbff  ^MgiHie'UgllC  ai^  {  Whidi,  «8  well  ii 

iir^idlillce,'^Miit  out  (lttifc«iir»ld  setijre  ittii 

i|lili#tilibiiieiilln.    Next  11  if;  agfgiii,  marched 

lilMlilliood  brigade,  moving  attidU)riinpiiiil  leavii% 

(i^».  ilit^lilrmklfUii^' and  reconnoitring  tt»  those  in 

rtito^lBftme  the^artillmy,  cqnajsting,  as  I  have 

itttidi  k£  one^aix  am^lwblbree-pounder 

by  teamen  |  and^liii^tjf  all  came  the 

^ga  detaehmint  it  the  same 

^jjHance  fifom^dite  tear  of  the  cbliiiB^^  aa  the  ad- 

ii>c<tf  gwffd  #a8  from  its  Iranf  f  ^'■ 

ffl^iittioiriRg  dvough  an  enemy's  countiy,  die 

jpMttttliPiaf  an  army  will,  except  under  particiiUr 

^Ullil'ijliii,  be  regiiated  by  die  nature  of  dii 

,|fl«ptfd#i^iv^  :  dius,  diough  e%i4 

litf'^yiy  eft'  twelve  miles  may  be  cOnsldeild  as  a 

M^^lpa;  march,  yet  if  at  die  end  of  d»t  space 

tamdllldfw^  position  occur,  (that  is,  a  pieee  of 

aWwttid^  wi^yibidcd  by  natural  or  actiidebtilllll- 


^Hi^mtkt  db  kmib  timecalci^ted  for  tfte  i 
di»l^#^^diM4peties  of  Ibitee,  of  tiliid^gfleiitaAjr 


H:  would  be  the  heighi 

^  niierety  be^l^ia 

r  be  tntfersl^  whhoit 

dii  Idieir  haild^  al^uk* 


I  X* 


^^ 


^is- 


■^  • ,    ' 


«.  4. 


'% 


H  ! 


p 


•>fe 


-> 


.1    -^i-ltf. 


t^i^a 


i 


;«-^ 


**iS''*'' 


t  m 


,1 


1  M 


^ 


^■i: 


'«<.   .<•> 


•^ 


'  C%  I 


:•    * 


* 

.'.*• 

%  '^    k> 

• 

f 

ll*' 

c  .  "^  lis,  ought  fl«Mu<»#ifiMi»l  16  iilp^ik^^^ 

III  reached  wiite^apiit  at  leasr  moil  leiiitte-diii 

tfiereat    OOT  iliifiii  to-day  wai»  ufP^^Mt^lii 

^l^e,  etffjlli(j|Hd**l,  the  titx^lllLillfl^hinfMlf 

had  aiTiVia^il'ft  fMng  poutid,  diMM^«Mii^M# 

than  six  miles  from  the  polBC  wliaiMiiliie9%|^  1, 

(X»t ;  and  hay  l^l^ttioned  die  |||||et% 

sentinels^  Md^mi^Wih*cAim 

die  oase  refsil^i^ 

'     aufieredto^dfi^'     '^  ^.^:    ^'.  :;■•# 

It  may  siift  sMge,  but  it  ia  rtayciiaaeii  ||||| 

dMit  during  diia  sKort  nlarGh  of  sAiMi^iti^0Mk 

n^nber  of  soldiers  dropped  outofthe4!l|#l|Mi 

f^^iehind,  from  fat%uclri|M  I  recoHirt'itjfa|i|( 

iMWi  li  any  mai«ii  in  die  Pettinsula  of  Mlpi^ 

diirad|K|i|^ The  fact  is,  diat  die  menjrsw{|i»4ii| 

^    l»6fii  %|0lig  coqxd  up  in  ships,  aad^  mfUM^ 

csti^^ir  baggage  andarms^  wembMO|A»«ia» 

1,    hl^a^eiipated,  to  a  degMM^|(lhsr  mm^ 

;';£;g|M|l^^^^        addled  to  iSt»  €aimMif9,9(aill^mm 
Mi^-'^m^^Mck ' -eitceedcd-  anything  up  Jiad 

load  whj^  i^  canied,  t&olrlNli 
ti^ipj|^^iii€e,1«depeiidc^ 


*W 


# 


•1 


"^.-S 


.  ■? 


.»? 


# 


♦ 


.^ 


^ 


,  ti     ».     '  7,   I, 


h  % 


*  '      ?• 


168 


K'^?' 


!*t' 


>  ifciiiiaiBiiiiMkdttniittinina'ihiftii  iJMyrii  ntnrHfinB 

jy|l|i»rliilimdaom»cnorwoodcn  keg,PiB<twi^ 
aHMi.  IMef  theie  ciroumttuices,  the  ofiCfunenoe 
^|i4||l  potilion  was  extremely  fortunate,  since  not 
||p|r  «(iiiid  the  speedy  failure  bf  light  have  te- 
pllfcdjiJI^  whether  the  gfoimd  was  favouriiue 
m^Hijwytrae;  txit  even  before  darkn^  had  come 
.Mifipee^  two-thirds  of  the  soldien  would  have 
^•(^IbundJniheir  places.  • 

>itAF  gfouiid,!^  wJUiih  we  bivouacked,  thougli 
':piSlimti^i^^  i^  strength,  wm  precisely  such 
.#MMJiht  M^  a  general,  to  halt,  jfvhp  found  his 
:gpenweaiyi  and  in  danger  of  b^  blighted.    It 
%«gaili|e  eminence,  ;^ted  by  «n  open  and 
countiy,  and  crowned  with  two  or  three 
bams  and  walled  gardens  attached 
9tKfh  Qould  be  said  to  rest  upfi|^ 
^Im^fSillit  peculiarly  well  defended,  but  they  wip 
IPIIj  (mp>wlj  because,  by  extending  or  coodtnsin|;    . 
-ii>lili|Si'"i>iiiiit  any  one  of  these  housai Jnig^lie .  ^ 
Kviif»fii^riBd^|g|M  protecting  redoubt    Xh^  mH-  ■  , 
W^^>  WmlM^ ^^  arranged  d^Per^y»||iift,  J« 

<|il|pfpN|iJ^tlie.two,^t^  , 


*» 


**^. 


-.;*; 


;t 


1^1 


.%.< 


>  ^< 


•VI 


1^. 


ipp^ity  oC^ei^ia  Mn|||  jM*- 
^i^|w#iin^the  lines*  ^^nfer- 


►^*"j 


*#' 


"l^-^- 


fll>, 


•1'  '.    J» 


V".  ■ 


M-.  ,%."•*:■ 


u.. 


#• 


^. 


,jfcisffitiJ2i.ii 


'■w^J*  ir:^*'' 


-    'M 


*^" 


'r 


■m- 


^f  ^% 


# 


-^^f.  ;«^. 


3-  ,> 


It   ~  * 


k 


his  a|>pea|aQce,  even  to  re9pioiti«^|j|||4^y«l  H 
^nnpt  be  s»id  |h«it  the  iii|^t,was  ptued||i|i.ii|#|p 
t^pted  qul^  for  the  troops  bail  ^pureeljr^ 
4jM^f  w^^  ^cy  ^^  disturbed  hff^  teenteQiiJMip) 
^Sm  of  thuQfler  and  lightning,  accoci^Mm^edii^^ 
leavy  faUol^iil^  The  effect  of  the  li§^tniiig^|il| 
glanced  for  a  moment  upon  the  bivoi;|p^«nd^i||tv 

''f^  ^  P*^  *  '^  ^  ^^>^®^  *®  firelocks  piled  in  xegiAir  oe^er,  i^HM^ 
'  J^'-  .^cn  stretched^  like  so  mn^  CQipi^  be^kb^llMMifc 

was  extremely  fine  J  the  e|^iP||y|^failH' 
^J^^        ever,  was  |i^  sp  Jlgnp^blel  for  bi 
*»     ^,      destitute  of  |helter,  we  were. spee^lj^l^^t^^ 
skin ;  and  the  remainii|r  of  our  refl^lig^lime 
rendered  thereby  the  reverse  of4^mfortahb. 
the  feeling  of  fretfulness  natun4\§n  s 
..sion»  issted  no^  longer  th^^^t91  the  ^ 
*  '^%p^.^t  Jine  of  march  was  again  formed; 
,^eirfo)|i;n.er  good  humop  returning,  and 
iii  some  degree,  by  the  fatigyes|sfiyei| 
troop  inov^d  on  in  exc^ent  ^^]^  fuid^  m  the 

l^j^St'Spil^^.  •  ?^,,   .    ^''' :#::.„.,;-.   ■ 

^^^>qutet^day  was  difibrent,  iD^i^f^vesDeietiit 

it  of^yeste^ay.  In  the  first  place,. jn^l^^    f^ 
i^t  ll^on^  the  stretch  of  cultivation,  4^ 
proce»ding1^ugh  forest^of  immeai^iiidske 
^,  gI  itself,  gaye  a  vmy 
t,  because  hitherto,iFe 


"         6«  t 


'*^     < 


>^ 


,-.-■# 


)r|' 


'»^   .' 


»• 


T      S 


•dj^fe 


.-w 


slia^;:3i 


:|?^ 


^.^......-.'jf.,   ^^^ 


% 


n^l 


^, 


'A 


'''.^f.. 


Y- 


K-  • 


'i* 


'■11 


^^    lliil!|^i^^iimt|l^tf^  In  the 

0m^lhbib^i0t  leatifhriilcmi  sonle  of  the  countip 
|lll(^,^i^  hii9  been  htipressed  as'f^ides  intONOtlr 
^  ttletiitniierbusddachdl  bodiesof  rifle-ijidi 
pimiMi^  amid  the  thickletsiafid  the  very 


-n»,     » 


> 


i*  -J 


% 


#••••■  f 


?••« 


.*•  •:■ 


*' 


1/ 


'.   .i  ■■ 


of  sdtoietfaing  to  do,  tmm'^  t^egeH^ 
liNltsil^ipiBfit  Which,  till  how,  we^had^iiot'expe^ 
^<Sid.    McqliiE^lueilfce  of  this  informatito,  the 
let  :#ci|ki|n^n|^         and  cotnnianded 
iwi'cfotance;  theiKkancied  guard 
^i^t^^^iteirfeter^ 

J0l)jk^p'0im0  with 

i§m  m^nMM  circumspiitii^thiii  hadhillierto 

:-^^^0$M  bihi^ig  ^ch  ibnkis  a  leading  trait  in 
■^ft^wjjffM  Wlhi  ciaurife<ii|  has  km^  been  proverb|Bl| 
fpNb^  Iteeybi^-Hiach  and  deceive;  s(^^ 
theTpeople  #that  natli^'d|lb  leS^ 
il lim ho  (^beption,  tin^e^^ei^fiH^ 
iliBe^  fhttt  they  wo 
m  brti%  Viie  disii(^itions  with 
"Ml^  f l^'^iil^d  to  in^ 

i;^  tfylSie  remembrance 


'  ,.%\ 


<« 


is^ttfsiS^umfHK 


t  ■'  % 


T^ 


^j 


'•■*«• 


< 


•iWr, 


^a 


"rii 


■;^ 


f  L 


M 


0* 


T 


i^r.-n  <^: 


»3 


li^' 


^a 


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3  •  «^  »  « 


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V  .,_j; 


^#>. 


^'* 


s.^ 


..^if^ 


'■'  ^<<» 


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1,^ 


,<■  >  '<t 

III.     ^      '>C^-      9tfl«ll9ll4|N 

^  iHook  with  me  a  party  ofWldim,  and  fnp^ 
v^^  diracli^i  pointed  <Hit„wit)i  ikl^k^^^- 
iping  theim  QaMdiipg  th^|4AQ^^i|9^|id^ 
iS^  had  Ki(ir9d#;i»it  I  thQUd^l  ^o«l4  ii|pitt 
«^thi«pi«ie  glitter  af«n^i^lii^ki^|p, 
t^wallisidMs  middle  ef  the  wood,  S«s^^9i^0llll$  ^ 
files  of  soldiers  in  different  diitc^jiouvs;  I  (^9d|ta| 
la  sunroimd  the  spot,  tpd  th«|y|IQv«Rg  ' 


^beheld  two  men  dressed  ii| 
with  brighrfi*^i8|»j 
%ee ;  as  soOn  M#ey  tiHSJ^rvod  m^; 
9nd  took  to  ^Sik  heel4  but  beipgli^fiiin^  \ 
al|side|i  ^eyquickly  perceived  t|at  to  es<^f|p^: 
mipossibf^ andaccordingly stoofjj^tiU.  I 
■^ip^ds  them^d  havinp;^  ^^^1!^,%  * 
^lii^er^  th^  stood,  I  heaid  l|j^;oiie;p|| 
vJtJll^look  of  *f  moH 
^*^,Mn,  tiU  the  g9i^|pin(|i^^ 
^89  lui^ro 
itenance  wjtiMll  «cci9^pi^^|t» 

wheAttrthi 


'^ 


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P 


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■V 


■i^i'V 


£•> 


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,)*■'  .f-" 


m 


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V   « 


,#■ 


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»■'■• 


^ 


flMraniniBioQ  vViBMiHii^)'  wiwii  mcyioiiiM 

flffPSS^'^PniRlclISi  9||lnSumIuCfra  u  rach 

^lkil'#X«tiii4  to  (he  prihbjpl  nlii^ti^ 
dKhy  lihd  iio^iiidVainced  wH^^ft  few  ibfl 
1^  and  t!ie  hien  wi^bejgiifogj^ 
idih  sbm6  Akty,  to  ft  li^fl^  ai 
liilM%  ilei^d  the  capture  of  a  few  i^yt^I^ 
di^U^.to  confirm  the  nimou^  Which,  Ih 

^;1iia^dt^  the  whole  of  the  lh^Mi,1i^ 
l^lni^moi'e  chrcumispection 
bifrequis^    The  da)^  was  likewisfe 
ifllft;ihd;%rwas  tobe  expect^/ the  ranks 
^jjliyhg  t^'  be  less  careft%  j^sl^hred,  Wl^eiil 
ring  in  IKe  wood  opon  the  ri|||iCi|Of  # 
^]|^lteiir^1^^       energy  to  the  sbiaidr^.  fi/ 
"  f;t^i^^mtrf  Expected,  diat  «fe  «ie^ 
It^a^d:    The  cobntri  cfiMtel  ii$ 
fib  Wheel  irito^e  iti  i'tiidHyii^  aiif 
waft  dtir  the  ^\/ft;e  .•  !mt  it  pfo^eA'^ 
%  TS6  imt^mtf  a  yeryyhiler  betW€^  i  P^^ 
irifli^i^imd  the  flank  patTdkf; 
W  shi9Qi,  ^die  enenSKftve  ^li'ay^ 
,rir' wltK^  hadiecMtiniiid  to  moye  1 
^ftlM^,  <a&«r  in 


t|?t 


^^' 


1 

■4 


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»:# 


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t-f 


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NOT«TXireRA'M. 


'4f  * 


*^.< 


an^ildiiridiial  was  to  be  mob  in  thefiMet^  firS 
miihedin  the  houses;  wfaderillieapptiiMMe  ofl^ 


v'  3f  sji^lf^'*      fHhiiturc,  fee,  in  some  places  the  veiy  bread. left 

*^''  J^  i^^    "^^^  ^^^*  ^wed  that  it  had  been  evacMledin 

«>    ^  '^■'  ^lUf  haste,  and  immediately  befoie  our.Jbnval 


h% 


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,  -  .1 


haste,  and  >  immediately  befoie  our.  Anva^ 
IIk  town  Useif  stands  upon  the  bank^  o|Jhei9li|; 
tuxent,  aiid  <teMst8  of  four  short  streetli  tw(f|||^' 
nitig  panfSel  widi  the  river,  and  two  iithirii  irijiii 
ing  them  at  right  angles.    The  houses  ape  unit 
such  as  indicate  the  wealth  or  onndeur  if  i 
ers,  being  in  general  built  of  ^fi^odf  and  lit 
riMr  to  cottages ;  but- it  is  summndedby 
a  much  better  dilfription,  which  cotHirey  the  ldb||^» 
of  good  substandaMarm-houseSj  a  species  of  ui|p. 
siba  v^ipmnibn  in  the  United  States.^  for^stt-, 
vlhd  iflites  rouhd^  the  country  was  in  9^  lii|||lM|| 
^iuhivadoii;  biitkisteadoFthemi^siQaaiNilti^ 
lifipdi  w^  lldhiiieito  seen,  thrHI^  ^n 
qd  i|^  an  iibi^dant  andluxuriant  < 
tl4&  plant  seems,  indeed,  to%e  at  aB#^^ 
atftlj^'toirimodity  of  th^^  district  fer,  besides  whit. 

lowing  and  unripe,  wie  ibundfMmMrous|3Mp . 

with  the  femglps  of  lait  yen's  .tntj^imi^ 
wijlMecl  which  wall  of  course  seisin  tiiMNM 

die  taiSk  ^^%JcS^^m*jltKfm3^       mm 
lite  ll^tiliii^^^iielNMl^^Wi^ 

1*3   " 


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.^  _  t*«ii*wcww«»liiie<|^^       ^         «*...^ 

>j^ii|lidii  of  a  l^mrann  w)io  sees  his  hl^jttnds  .  ^      ,  ^    #*  '^ 

ailli^^iiaft  evi#f  reason  to  apjifeliend  that   4  ^Sr^*   ^  *; 

■^^%^'#itescd|*e/"  ■::•,■  Il^>h  ^;:",.  ,., 

Illfe  poitfire^  the  army  cdntinJfe  during  tj^e    A*  V*  '*,  T  ^> 
i  having  its  right  defended  bg^  the  river,  aifl^ 
i^illilN^bni^ng considerably^  ^yon^t^    town;  v    I,^   ^ 

ed,as  tisuat  by  a  conneciwflliain  off       a  '^  ^        * 


»'  •  »'.■■..  .Ik 


^^ 


■^. 


.^1 


;  nor  was  it  put  in  motion,  ^hadbeeli 
Ihl^  day  before,  as  soon  as  there  was  sufficient    ,.  ^       ^  .. 
^^^^'       "hobiects.  Th^  seemed  indeed  ,     ^"^    -^'O 
hesitation  as  to  the  course  to    §«    ,,,     <^  . 
i^wheth^to  follow  the  gun-boats,  or 
to lh(B  shipping;  but, ||||ast,  the formefi 
ingwtt  resolved  upon,  aad  fhe  coljomn  set 
about^if|i^t  o'clock,  in  ^e  dfeifstion  of 
bipbgh,  apdther  village,  aboUf  ten  miles  be- 
i^^ghi^.    TPhe  road  l^which  we1r%» 
^as  ^ll'MSay  as  during  thelRrilfple^  of^  1^ 
remarkably^  good ;  ini^mepht^ 
,  from^beingcut  dirou^  a  sandy  sotil| 
hued,  dusty,  1^,  to  use 
ft  sound  bottom.    Riumltig, 
yfat  the  nidst  part,  tfarouj^  the  he^^^^^^ 
^toD  w^  shekif^^fifo^  tiii^P^^ 
I  tk^isln^iiniil^  #ii4^iffl  din^ 
is  of  li^  aMiil  iniirtMice.  llo-idbi^  elir  whoi^ 


I 


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i 


,   .h/; 

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^^•1.   ^ 

^\ 


Mahi  ndr  did  ,^  reach  W 


^ ly  WaS"^ "•qpa  Mcsbi ^uuiif  i«w  *»»»»  ,^»»  »v»v»»  •     f », 


•  '^^:' 


TO 


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if 


f  . 


.  j'j, 


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■  " 


•-;^.^ 


>; 


i,vS# 


*.'.  "   •  .  '•  * 

||ofMiugibiicMigb;  t^ 

£' -:j^  #  gi^ndwllbh  had  been  lttthMtop^%i4l^i|^ 
.    fi^  i  t]  '^^  brdken  into  the  m6st  gracdUl  l#flill|%dM 


'*•'    '*  ti£^   ^y  clearedif  wood  to  within  a  Mil  ^ii3e 


js*   v*^ 


%».•.;  «,;' 


hh 


l*%- 
•■*. 


J    :.♦■ 


■-S 


i||b  summits, and  tAien  crowned wiilliyir.iiidi«# 
n^ble  fc|M.    The  village  itself  lli||iii] 
formed |i|pli««uch  hills;  Ihe  distance 
biise  of  6h<e  hiU  to  the  base  dT  lh&  oilier* 
,.,  about  two  miles,  the  whole  of  whScfiwi^i 
^  in  fields  of  com,  Iny,  and  tobacco,  whilst  ^ 
•    themselves  were  covered  wi^siie^; 
^fpport  they  furnished  amplie4iieans:    B« 
borough  is  not,|l|^  an  Endish  vilif^e,  colli] 
aond  consisting  ofihie  or  two  lanes :  Ihtf  hot 
scattered  over  the  plain,  and  aloii§  the  si 
hills.  fl(t  c()baiierab]e  intervals  ffom  one 
and^are  all  surroiiltded  by  drchar<£^an< 
. ^gioimdi^g  ^peaches and  other llu^ \ 
Jpcious'Bal^.    To  «dd  to  ^ 
^^,  a  sdiall  rivulet  makes  its  way 
inding  round  the,fooi#i 
1^  falls  into  the  Fatuxent,  wlii<^%l»a 

<m  fft'ogi^  to-day;  ^ 
WA|if|i^|fW  whidi  hud  been'placis^ 
1^  wa^^l^ogether^unniiii^^ 


of 


horser  occa^oiial 


a  column  of  infentry^ev^uatinj^tirlborough,  as 


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v^ 


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;lp««Md,wew«reatJ9iitsiar^  .  j^ 

p^jifuwe  1^1  first  ynaUp  jp^  dismvcir ;  ^       * 

tflp|.tliey  weiet^^c^i^il^  by  ^e 

'tfaef jeiy^uadron  f^oj^^fe  ^^ft 

^w)iicK'Cominodore  Bs^^pKceivi^g 

)i^|y  of  preserving,  prudently  de9tro|;- 

1^  pievei^  its  fidling  .into  pur  teimls, 

we  remained  not  only  du|i|M;    ^ 
^but  till  past  noon  Qn  th^  following  da^. 
Didilch  had  cai^s^die  loss oij^ff^^ 
at  N<iil|^ghatn,  again  interfqted,  and-^p- 
,a  Jel^^ch  might  have  been  attCQ^ 
CQjMequences.    At  l^Rj^)  ^QWetM, 
£^n  to  fonn»  and%e  (^itted,,MfM|- 
w>  in  the  afteniQc^f ta|Mng„  ^ 
I.    I>uring  thia^^y^  W^ 
t  akirmis^lllg  than  had  yel  ocK0mif, 
got  alx^e.  three, 
'  ^^PKgey  p^hen  lite  .ailyanced  guard  felj 
of  riS!e»^|ieB,  who  maintained  a  sl^ur^ 
way.    Tlie,  cotpmn, 


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the  aH>l»  o^..a^hfi 
TjiB  c^^lui^  of  Washingmi  w»s  pow^^t^  tvi 
o|l^Vt|^QMr  Evasion,  biit  Ae  G«i>eii||||»  piBfe 
perieoced  officer,  was  desirous  of  keepi^li^ 
iTv  /  *"  my  Mthe  dark,  af^t^^&jiIa^QCfpeial^^ 
'     •   .Jie  advanced  guard,  therefore»^iii&f«Kpd  ^.t^ 

*      the  resflJfplrSrmy  wh^led;i>  the  \^^ 
the  road  wnich  leads,  not  to  )y<\j>^yi?$lfwu 
Alexandria.  Thescmoyements  were  not 
*    tjie  enepiy  ;  who,  observing  by  the.  dust 
^rection  the  main  body  had  filed  of  ij 

to  retreaV^iithout  waiting^|br.t|)e  ||gp^ 
jQie  detachment  sent  against  them^^  A?  |^"    ^^. 
^cended  the  hill,  however,  ihejf  wa^r^,^^       ' 


II. 


1 


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oC halting:  andforming  a  line.    Our  npien, 
^dily  oi|,  in  cohimn,  covered  b]^ 

in  e^tt^inded  order  along  the  firont,  b 

jg'  -J-  ••■.■•       -•«  " 

oaving  merely  thrown  a  few  round  s 

|m^ion,fmongthe  skirmishers,  brqf 

'  "[o  raaipl^nj;  order,  i^d  were  q^ucklj 
l^l^und.  Ais  sopnas.th^y  hi^d 
«4vapc^  halted ;  and  having  feii||^^  fyf  ajl^ 
"     on  Jlittle  bjJV^to  jfat(^^J^ 

^fi?ii.^^^  M'^  ^.followed  *J?e,tJ»|f  j^^|E4fe| 


they  foi|n4,^^vai)ta| 


^jtti  ..'■♦^i 


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liptTER  vm. 


.jt  i)l^f|(Gltien  to  inforni^j|^i|uit  frooQi 
kl»ietneiit0f  our  lahdmg,the^l/^|d^  cavalry, 
il  ordlltaining  information,  and  reconnoi- 
open  country,  was  vdry  sensibly  feR. 
tHiB  el^,  as  far  as  it  could  by  suc^i 
rtmi^ed,  orders  had  been  issued  to  catoK 
in  an  the  horses  thatiirere  found  in,  llie 
Is  dr  statics  of  any  houses  along  the  road  $  and 
.il(^(,0rdclnr'beiiig  punctually  obeyed,  there  wert 
^  siitty  in  the  camp.  Upon  these  some 
^'|f  tll^^l^illery  drivers  were  mounted,  an^  the 
"*  pftfi* 'troop  being  given  to  an  officer  of, 
^as  found  of  great  Selvice  dui«n# 
dr  the  march.  '       *   .^^ 

[^  guard  having  joined  thejnyit 
V^;  iyJt|lB  aiirmy,  with  the  exceptibn^lMLii 
'  ipP9^  WP^nlll  be<ni  sent  to  die  rear,  to  tUflEi^JHI 
4#>(li|iiJ3f  ^  fiSrrisions,  was  odw  bivoiiackfel^i|S(^  \ 


as||pch  (|Kaetscf8|&  a»  usuld^ 


^i^$i9^g$.m 


*\ 


I 


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V 


m  MA««||,t|>^4r^irGT0N. 

^I^JSp^ff^  neWifT  had  tifep  * 
(^fpif|^<^untry  m  the  nwg^bo^  ^ 
pps^on..  The  out-posts  were,  theippfl^  Vjj 
iit^  of  constant  anxiety  by  ^tl^^ir^|p|| 

Se  t^mall  parties  of  the  ^iimy/v|||^^ 
ut^  fl^l^fcr  with  the  d|^^ 

C9|i|(|,  "vKU^'m  the  piquets^ 
Vft^tever  uieir  intensions  might  ll**^l^^ 
of  the  Gentries  contrived  to  rendet;  thei 
Qor  didany  thiQg  occur,  dviringthe|iii|;ht 
tii^Q  of  serious  alarm ;  and  the  fol)ofiring  < 
j(un«d  jby  the  coq^Qy  which  came  up  in  sifpty^ 
column  was  again  in  motion,  I|iastenuig  ac| 
CKpitry  into  the  high  road,  Mfh^^Ji  |(|ii||;w^j||^ 
sorted  for  no  other,  purpose  than.jto 


S. 


■•    .        <     ..,: 


Qayitig  Started,  on  the  24th,  at  f^i 
^  march  was,,  for  aomc  tim^ 
agreeable.    The  roafl,  if  coad  it 
w^cl  fpr  the  Jrst  five  mjilf^  ^t^:9^|j|, 
0i^eimJl^s\,  and  belm^  ]|««|qr 

\  pj|lGting%ranchc8pfti^^,|Q.cr 


4 


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^ 


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> 


{f' 


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KAse^fb  Vi^iKf^Tow  ilfi 


' ' ,  s 


^ 


l4p#|^and'WMds  oti  botfi  sittet  |rlft,  ^ 
AM^MiM^  which,  had  it  been  leu  cOniMdy 
t^ii^tu^nnkmi  iittremely  pleamit  Sofar,thdl^ 
:  ipy  luflliWjj^  wifttut  experienciii^any'Mh«r  m- 
difeiiiiMiB  was  produc«it|b|^^e  daiift> 

fttlipmOBpll#e  which  we  areMw|l  but  no  . 
IBT  liid  mi  fiiigan  to  Werge  from  ^e  woods, 
Mfm^tk  thi(  open  country,  than  an  oveTpoir* 
ge  was  perceived.    Thd  ^un,  froih 
had  been  hidieito  defended,  now  beat 
Iti  ftlll  Ibrce ;  and4he  dust  rising  in  thick 
#Ml  iinddr  our  feet,  wililout  a  breath  i)f 
(li^^tNKspcne  it,  ilew  directly  into  our  faces^  occtf- 
sfii^-lh#' greatest  inconvenience  bodi  t6  dvr 
djfib  iiid  respiratidn.    I  have  stated  this  to  you,  iit 
r#bgi|jr  because  1  do  not  McoUMt  a  period;^  im$r 
!  im|ta^I  suffisred  ware  severely  froib  hint  ifid 
Itflii;  journey  of  a  f«w  miles,  "und^^' 
e^  tells  tnbre  than  one  of  diri# 

iiii#yyefiairii<^ 

liiiih|liiitt»^i^^  oTin^  biigan  tb  fidl  ^ 

r  'vmri^ipiiiilM'ilid^^ 


'&:t.JUL 


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MAICH  TO  WA^SfllKCTON. 


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t  ai> 


mtt 


hfs  forcei  for  ««  jrap^ 
44»^  in  defence  of  Us  ca^i    ^ 
iruA'of^^iBae  rumours  we  had  no  caoi^ii  doulNI^' 
cdnfirmed  M  they  were  by  what  we  fcadoiJratlvit' 
ilyhnessed  only  the  evening  b^ote,  ■n#tiie  aip^ 
of  various  fields  on  each  siddof  thl'hi|;h  milL 
{which  fmjpA  now  regained^  i4l|||^^a^^ 
^adies,  boljlk  of  straw,' and  ieninm  of  broUli' 
victuals  were  scattered  about,^imilsiied  diat  crni^ 
siderable  bodies  of  troops  had  passed '1&«iiight,4ii' 
diis  neighbouihood.    The  appearance  ofl 
itself,  likewise,  imprinted  as  it  was  wil 
marks  of  many  feet  and  hoofs,  proved  thit'lHiii 
tfbops  could  be  no  great  way  before  us;  whilst  dir  > 
very  proximity  to  Washington,  being;i|ow  dislaiife 
from  it  not  mole  than  ten  or  twelve  miwi,  ail  tend- 
ed to  Insure  us,  that  we  should  at  least 
American  army  before  dark. 

:.ll  was  now  diat  we  experienced  the 
fulness  of  our  ba#y  mounted 
Dtiere  called  bf^the  private  soldier^^i 
T^  country,  fiom  being  ext^emefydol^ 
'0A-  open  in  every  side  Ipi  considei^e 

i^kgroy^,  upteadof  hed|li|fttqu6rttif 
ielj^iNttnanptlier.  This  was  exifetl|r 
which  ot^iinBlpy  <aial<|l  ao^Jitritli  id- 
Oiey  mig^tUe  i^.«iliiib  %».. 


iiikrtteddne 


rhiiirfriiiiii  itiifan^^^  ' 


# 


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»l^liira«gh  wiii8ha«v«ril  ggnMU 

l^^kip  I  and  1iivionM||iNM         jfk^ 
:yiilutbmih|lt^itlMii,    '•    .^ 

kt  the  inouiitecMrt#)s»  bft*  "If 

mefiil.    Thej  wera  divided  inl» 
■iv^  or  eight,  and  lent  mH  in  di&  ^ 

to^  Mconnoitre,  twa  o#  diem  ge^ 
poet  at  every  Miepieioiii  eoiaMi- 
iiites^  fivetiotictf  to  dU^coluraiMwUk 
the  motioiisof  aa^eneaipw}     « 
td  thait  these  pracaudona  wiAk  or 
|k|r  whatever  might  he  die  atMagdv  «f 
in  cavalry,  dieir  Geneialj^nifp 
it  k'haras^ingour  naidiit^  tlkit 
i^t  every  ^#ang«r  was  pi9*>^ 
^^hat  they  ooold  >«flbe  atlackMl 
^  0mm^W%^fMiMmi.  make-reid^j  |«««'tE».l|» 


•      -•' 


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iliit  a  iqimm&f  of  durt  as  of  ^  '^i 
fRenlj|iMfeady  Men  to  th6  rear,  j^  ^ii«K(^; 
^uld \i!th  diifictdty  keep  up;  "C^oMl^^ 
ire  pushed  on  much  further  viMioilf  fi^^^^  lis 


Hm 


-Ji^; 


6hanc«^  were  that  at  least  one 

wouM  b^^  behind.    To  Tffev&i^Sllfk  fixmM 

,peffing,:liAdlogive  time  for  ^  straggl^  (br^i 
t(ike  theS  cohimn,  an  halt  wvl'daiii'n^i^^pi^ 
tod  being  led  forward  to  a  Spot  <i^gjN>t| 
woode|dl,  and  watered  by  a  stream  wJiR 
Hie  roadi  ;^e  troops  were  ordered  to 
selves.  Perhaps  no  halt  ever  arrived 
t^Y  than  this,  or  bid  fair  to  be  productive  Of 
beneBfiat  effects ;  and  yet  so  opprafi^e  was  He 
heat,  that  w&^ad  not  resumed  ourifl^^  itbtyvtan 
ltoui^;fi^en  tiie  banks  by  th(e  way  siile  wdPt't^jbik 
(Qoyet^d  witii  stragglers;  some  of  the  fin^  ^ 
stouteat  men  in  the  army  being  Uteralfa^fedbiJ^^ 
go  on.  * 

The  hodf  bf  noon  was  ajopKYNicmwiM^  t 
heavy  dto^  of  dust,  appmitly  not  m<iie  tM  tiim 
m  three  iniles  distant,  attracted  pur  atliiiMt. 
From  whence  ^  origlBated  tfa««  iili  Mttl#^<> 

}^ci:^y  in  gfies«i|i|,  i^  fdad  mBoay  AiiiM^ 
MoK  iuRiike  was  d^mged  inlb  efBmk^$0i  on 
turning  su|deft<in|^  in  the#ad,  amd^itt^lf  a 
sniaf 


.:*: 


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ii     1*3 


||^^3^!|)9n  the  Iwow 

JplGiinac,  «nd  Ibeir  right  vesting  upon  a  tt^ 
^|p^ aiid ade^ ravine.   iThis rivfc^whlch  ma^ 
|${|bouttJl^adth(^ 
jpef^  the  heig|ts  occupied  by  tiiis  Ameriaif 
;esi  aOj^fiie  little  town  of  BladehsburgK.<^ 
it  wi?  thfown  a  narrow  bridge,  extero&ijg 
^ief  street  in  that  town  to  the  con^tinuar 
^e  roiid,  which  passed  through^  the  v<ery 
ll^  of  their  position ;  and  its  right  bonk  {jSk 
ik  i^ve  which  they  were  drawn  li|»)  w|hs 
<^ve^  wpi  a  narrow  stripe  oS  willows  and  lu^h 
left  was  altogether^bare,  lo#,  aiid 
%p(^d.    Such  was  the  general  aspect  of  di^ir 
p  as  at  die  first  glance  it  presehteilf^tf; 
a  wiyil  must  endeavour  to  give  a  more  dc^IdJ 
fay  description  of  the  battle  may  be 
^iC^ii^TOe  intelligible. 
.m  lluive  sa*d  Jiat  the  right  bank  of  the%otomac 
was  covMTCfd  with  a  narrow  stripe  of  willow  a^ 
bfch  treesj   Here  |he  Amenqans  had  stationed 
stBong  bodies  of  riflemen,  who,  in  skirmishing 
gfj^er,  covered  l^e  whole  front  of  their  army.  Be- 
^i|id  this  narrow  plaatatidn,  again,  the  ^Ms  were 
and  clear,^intersccted,  at^rtain  dlsjtances) 


I 


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UUMMUnlMli!^ 

Iprd,  or  reserve,  w^^jppsted  wWiin , 
#dod  wh}^  erowne^  theiieiglvl^ 
lllpi^  or  *a[|p  they  had  twenty  «e< 
was  diiirliiftaged :  on  the  hi^  ro«d,.  a^  ^M 
fMuiding  the  bridge,  stood  two  }mMWB^}>^ 
foitf  mor|^,  twoon  each  side  of  theri|iML| 
j^ardy  in  the  same  direction,  and  partly 
whole  oir  i^e  slope  into  the^streets  of  Bl 
The  rest  were  scattered,  with  no|;reat  j| 
it^g  me  second  line  of  mfantry,  <icc^jv]g^0k 

dlj^ij^paces  between  the  right  of  |!!i|j|K^nn^i^ 
the  |eft  of  another  J  while  the  ca:valry  4^!i!!ff0 
'M^iHone  mass,  within  a  stubble  fielfli  Q^  lh| 
extt^mf,  left  of  the  position.  Such  wan  |^  IIM 
ki  raSe  ground  which  they  occupied  Irallk^ 
inidable  pos^rein  which  they  #|k^i 
proach ;  amounting,  by  their  own  apf 
^ousan(J  men,  a  number  pxactly  (jpiUing  tlnltif 
^  force  wtSch  was  to  attack  them.  ^ 

In  the  mean  time,  our  c^iinan  continvied  to  a^l 
vahce  in  the^me  ordd^^ 


se^ed.    The  road  conduclid  us  for 
miles  in  a-«)i^|to|ion  parallel  with  the  th 
conse<juenca 


ii^^ 


4' 


#: 


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^.,,..-^. 


HP 


W  di  the  stream,  w^6reup6ii' 
It  in  ihoibn,  and  ihastiort  t^ 
In^^Meets  of  Bladehsburg,  and  wiltiiii 
:^dr'the  Atnerican  artery.  ImiAediatelj  on 
,^^  jfaphinglliis^utt, several or^ieir -fiMis opc^ 
lii^liHhis^and  kept  up  a  quick  dnd  wdll^irect^ 
idejIibAi  which,  as  we  were  again  coni- 
Id  halt^  the  then  were  directed  to  d^slHr 
Imuch  &8  possible  beJbbd  the  hcMlsieNi. 
bi£!l  of  tHi^  halt,  it  was  conjectured^  ivas  §> 
r<!^  fill  Getiedd  an  opporttinity  of  examiiiii^  l|ie 
I  lihe,  and  of  trying  the  depth' bf^  livei^ 
'  present  there  appdwed  to  be  l^t  one 
ie  of  attack,  by  cros^g  the  b:^ge, 
_  tl^«neiiiy  directly  in  &&,  jpo  da«4 
liow^ei^dcpllsd  aii^the  bridge  wa^^imiist  %^^ 
i^eded  wi%vbl6ody  consequences,  hdr  coijIcF^llie 
§^y  of  t' Yew  tmnutes  produce  any  miscp^ 
wtlchr  ^  disibvd|  ciii  ford  wp^       :**>W 


^^  ittrniHk 


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»I  AIMlliBIWfh 


|»ur,pfxq;)l^  tibat  the  two-gun  battery.uj^  %lM^ 
^^  ^fP>  to  play.  Then,  indeed,  it  $d|p  c^||^- 
~  with  tremendous  effect:  tor  at  the  first;  clifl^ 
^^most  an  entire  company  \^as  swc;pt  dpira: 
whether  it  was  that  the  guns  had  been 
laid  with  measured 


or 

f^nrves^  pf  the  gunners  became  afterwards  unsi 
e  succeeding  discharges  were  much  lesn  fs 


he  nflemen  likewise  now  galled  us  finom^thie 
wooded  bank,  with  a  running  fireof  musk/Clry^  an  * 
it  was  not  wimout  trampling  upon 


um 


'dead  and  dying  coihrades,  that  the 
estaiii^ed  itself  on  the  opposite  siideof  Che  stream. 
<  When  once  there,  however,  eve^  thing  4(I$p 
appeared  easy.  Wheeling  off  to  me  right  u» 
^CKof  the  road,  they  da^ed  into  the  thicket, jnd 
quickly  cleared  it  of  the  American  skHUdishei:^ : 
who  fi^HjC^  ^t^  with  precipitation  upon  ihe  first 
f|lo  disorder  befbre  it  Ikd  &;ec|^a 


Imc, 


*• 


^g— .■;^.aft*-f4V'^ 


;-rt».  '^5" 


»■-»  *. . 


--iVsl" 


■'^'ybf-'-*^- 


^1j^- 


•  fc'V 


4m^m^MWtMl^ 


mk^^iimm;''-''  ■■-•,    ^.-V'- 
itustlr  the  army  cattie  up,  &i^  VffimM 
mmmM»'^  ^irowmg  away  their  IctiapMiiil 
lllttMvel<Si<!i»;  and  extending  ilieir  mtikssoatH 
llil#an  eiiaalfifont  with  the  enemy,  pushed  6n«6 
^MlAsbk  €£  die  sec6nd  line.    The^  iii«iericifiii; 
iMi^illll^er,  saw  dieir  itreakness,  and  stood'trm^^ 
H'iiliSi^'Ihe  whole  of  dieirartinery,  with'^  elxii^^ 
illi%f  ^«se  captur*'d  on  die  road,  and  die  |jM«|lir 
Iplttt  of  tM^^Mantry  in  ihis  line,  diey  first^^iiB«# 
00t  s^rdoc^  oPdie  assailants  by  a  heavf  ftre^  flid 
^iiytl^il^ir  turn,  advanced  to  recover^diegroilii^ 
w«s  lost.    Against  this  charge,  die^Kim^ 
of  die  British  troops  wouM  notpnilt 
r"^  effectual  resistance,,and  ihey  #efei 
liJinieback  to  the  vary'thi^ket  i^ 
ri^rer^s  HitAi^;  inhere  they maintlitried  lii^ 
i  tirid^dfeitehnined  obstinacy,  repel&ig#^ir- 
f  to  drive  Utem  dirough  it ;  and  frequen^ 
fi^ttbwi^  ttwidiitiishirl  di^n«loftetafui0l^ 

^^is^ite  diei^tion  ^ilb|||^ip»«ecdtiia 
I  hadlike^ise  ctc^^,  iJilxip^iii^  die 


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diicML  -#iieidbiyr-ii4.ifciiiiiliii^ 


%»MI<M»cy  began  to  wavei^ 

^imlii  Ihiiuiin  'nidhnrifm'  mmominMitiihfiiiitMii 

iif  mlHkifciiiiiiiiik 


y 


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i»wd^ofivehiindradiilei»#d^  ' 

JjiliEt  arid  disfeictfon.    <^]ia   Thomtoit^who 
.llctoHMndtilitf  light  briflki^ieutenant  Colorid 
lliood  cooMnndiiig  the  sflRllegiiiient,  arid-Mk- 
jif  BrcMi^  !B%o  had  led  the  advanced  gtiard,  were  , 
alNeverely  wounded ;  dnd  Greneral  Ross  himsdff^ 
iNnAa  hone  shot  under  him.    On  the  side  c»f  die 
Aim<teang  the  slaughter  was  hot  so  grtot .  Being* 
ii^liBiii^ssion  of  a  strong  position,  thejr  were  of 
cewae  less  exposedin  defending,  than  the  others  lif 
^Biming  it;  and  had  they  conducted  ^6insd?es 
«^i  coolness,  and  resolution,  it  is  not  coilcdvtible 
him  Ae  daff^oould  have  been  won.    Bat  th^  'f^h>, 
ls,^at,  with  the  exception  of  a  party  of  sailors  frdlff 
iie  gbn  boats,  under  the  command  of  Commddclre 
Mt/mey^sio  troops  could  behave  worse  -  than  ^ey'' 
dMi    l^e  skirmiihers  were  driven  in  as  sbbn  as^ 
aHacMr^  ft^t  Une  gave  way  without  oflferingf^ 
the  di^test  resistance,  and  the  left  of  the  tstaai^' 
body  was  broken  within  half  an  hour  after  it  ^tvivtf^^ 
seriously  engaged.    Of  die  saHors,  however,  ii^ 
would%e  BijustiGe  mH  to  speak  in  the  terms  whidl^ 
dieir  eenduct  menta,    lliey  were  employed  as 
gi|piR(,  and  not  enfy  did  "^ey  serve  their  guns 
wiAr  a  quickness  and  preokiioa  ^^a^tfMsM 


V' 


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w  sRies  Dy  me^i 

Wi^tespect  to 

liMictiaiicni  be  Wn.    AU  did|||r  do^,  ita 

iiilemoril*g*UantIy  than  the  rest;  and  ti(pi||ll#e 

iriiil^jiif  the  affiiir  fell  u|^  the  light  hrl^O^^Mi 

^iia  owing  qhiefly  to  the  circumstinoe  of  IMgl 

Jtfllii'heBdof  the  column,  andpei^a|iS^Jl|(||% 

%)iiii»  degree,  to  its  own  rash  impetticil^^^^Wb 

^    iirtiHei^,  indeed,  could  do  Uttk ;  b<^g  uraftjitio 

ahob  ftsctf  in  presence  of  a  force  a^  aupefiaf  | 

""  Ibotd^^-pounder  waa  iieiMelesa  faroH^iliilD 

.^^tMoD^^  a  corps  of  rot^tetfe  ptov^d'of  aliidlig 

"litfli^  ^  '-  ,■  ■■^-:. 

Our  troops  bei^  worn  iaHii  fiont  fti^P^  ^ 

%f  oourae  as  ignorant  of  thelBountry,  ti^ie 'Alii' 

iJcatis  weifi^  the  reverse,  dte|i|iMilit^t«|^  noilie 

eontiniited  to  any  distance.    #eltlier  ^^^^^ 

Undedwkhtnuchslaughlir.    Dhring  inlilth#re- 

cesses  of  die  forests,  imd  covering  diemselvea  l^di 

.^Pemen,  die  enemy  were  qpiddjpbeyoid^ur 

%ach  rand  having  no  cavi^^  scour  «liif  die 

Wfj^ibiid,  tenof  Aei^htesf^  -     ^ 

earned  <irii  die  #igl#  1^6  defeit. 


»' 


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^*i^  ^  ...  ^  ^^ 


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If*'- 


■',*i 

v.        J  i 


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iifr**'?vif'%^il  ;■;•*■' 


|*>  •*" 


>#<#>' 


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^»siiiNi»^-'l^fl^iitvi!t^-»5i-'«  '•^'-.t'  %^m^  m»^lsf^ 


>- 


i?  irt'^'*^*'' 


^mi^li'^. 


W-   ^iS'W'*!' 


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■«^#^- '.j*m--^  ••  -•  '   '■^■--' 

%^fi^to,»CQver  thdrord8r,4KMfciirii<|fiiilv 
)|Ad%1ll)94lhe  rfserve,  an^  was  congti|Win|hm» 
l||C^,g|lll^,the  kad,  and  pushed  4'iii')  11111111 
w^^^l0til^m^^  Wftsjbingtoni.     i  mc;  Mt«  ><Mi^ 
^,4^»A:%  it>l^  Rotthe.intentioifirf^tthgjIhitwJNjgi 
^i!P<PlM|o  attempt  perman^.conqiifst^i^Mii* 
.g||ll;,9f  J^  aiid^i»il^GenQi»l>im»vwdl 

apppB^^at,  with  a  handM  of  men,  he  cqidd'^ppt 
pralgMlvito  establish  hiiiisnlf,^.for  any  Jl^gdNif 
^|p%:  1^^  enemy's  capital^  tie  ^Mffrimt^tmAiif 
iUio44r  contribution,  and  to  reimm  quiet|5rria  te  '^ 
s^^pjipg,.  Nor  was  there  any  Aing  qmMthp«f 
t^e  character  of  a  British  officer,  in  thisdileflilMpt- 
tijgip.  .By  all  Uie  custpips  of  wait,  whateveg^iMir 
M  pcop^ty  may  chance  to  l^e  in  a  captur^loi^  Jat- 
c^ntci,  confessedly*  ^e  just  spQ^  of  4)e  coiMi»li^f 
and  ip^tj^s  proposing to,apc«^  a  cwlmms^^ 

'    n^oney  %u^u  of ,  ik$i^^ss;ssmy^  ^m^mi^filimm 

is  true,  that  if  tj^y  chose  tp  reject  his  tsfiiii^,)|ie 


M 


4 1 


W*^- 


•-9 


.   .  ^*' 


Mi 


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^%" 


•  w  '  r^"  ^''•-  ft 


m 


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.  IV^ 


«i^ 


^- 


'djMiiev -fi^iitiiit' '  am^iB^.-p<l•  r,'Ki»urti|iiflMiiiai'<flf  >, 

ii^firoyhig  it ;  and  thi]%||0ugh  we  slioid^ipb    ^ 
'UNMiig,  the  American  govemmei^  w6idA>  loie 
^fiobtbly  to  a  much  greater  amount  than  W^limf 
HiA^  ogfeed  to  purchase  its  preservatioif»|)g^^li|ft 
^iMmey demanded.'  ^^      '>'^'^^|||#  - 

"^'^Ml^bemg  die  intention  of  Genend  ^ildi#'^ 
"€11^  inarch  ihe  troops  immediatel3riiiiaidiiviilf , 
^.Imt  halted  diem  upcm  a  plain  in  its  imfliidiHte  vi- 
^iNi)^^ayiit  a  flag  of  truce  was  s<mt  in<  wkh 
^itoMtof  But  whatiiver  his  propotol  m^'teire 
. ifMiH#  wts'not  so  ^much  as  heard ;  fbr  ^eaUm^ 
itH^ibei'faty.  bearin^dte  flag  entered  die  tfl^^ 
^^llHUi^llidr'were  fired  «pon  from  the  windows  «f 
4il»^.4ie houses  and  die  horse  ofdie^GenMil 
#miel|NrhDacc«mipamed  diem,  kilted.  YouwHl 
:ifea8j^y^«^diat  ^conduct  so  unjustifiable^  «t>  di- 
iHWHi^mach  «r  die  iaw  of  nations,  roused  die 
iliitgrtitidivofeveiy  individuaK  fitim  die  General 
hliiil#dib«Fn  to^^the  private  soldiar.  All  theugHts 
<lNii«uuHiiodatien  w^e  instantly  kid  aside  i  #.e 
tw6tiilW^wioe#ferdwjth  into  die  town,  and 
liiviilg«irst  put  to  die  mtHkiA  who  %ere  found 
in  die  houfe^lloiii  whicN^e  shots  mtk  fired,  and 
fediloed  it  to  ashes^  tibey  proceeded;  "without  a 


4 


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mliodpiUluyiiorai.toBieliiiiidMp' 


A 


ihMHMfiilfti  a  fine  firiga^  piirc^/|iir  iiil!)r:§|M| 


:>'  / 


"Hi' 


'^  4%i/t«iaor«thii9«  publiDfope- 
ihMHMfiilftiafi 

uM^VitaNMMi]^  to  be  laundied^  Mveial^guig^iip. 
aiid4Kqnid^ecliogiMBi|  witb  anaiio^  «(^|i|Pf;Mil 
mAaiMiUflraft    The  powder  auigasdn^lMPCiitfii 
■mrw  aftoniife,  and  ezplodad  wilb  a  tfpini|i|in. 
emMlmwriiig  down  many  l^uaea  in  tMi,#iMi 
w|§i|wrtiy  by  pieces  of  dw  walla  stitfMwgiilieq^ 
'*'    ^'  •  va^'t^        "^  fP%  *>y  tharcoBcmaioii  #4  die  ait»<|tilim 
^  ^^    ^        ^iwititlQaef  shot,  8heU«.aiid)iandi9Re|ia4«a,  wlli* 

o«idd  n0t  otherwise  be  reBdemA  <Mliiliit%  jm# 
thrown^Mo  the  river.   .  ln,de8<ra0By  thflmanmili •' 
a  oiedKid  waa  adopted,  whieh  I  had  newer  Mhll . 
wilnesse^4tti4whieh»  as  kwas  hodi  e<fcfi|ini:inil 
eia^ed^i0UB/^I=  cannot  amend  relating.  >  iOm0Hkdi 


%f^ 


\-  ,* 


0 


•  V 


radier  a  sniaU«oiaibffe, :  ,was  vfMtehed  upof 

execQtioiisr^  the  rest  r  and  bifeni  !i,igi!|||iwidi 

ball* 

was  fired,^^aiid^lhii8  hint  «ut  Chilli 


Many|  howdvyr^^tiotilwinyinn«it<id^icqi^il!«tj^ 


'«■• 


and-^  tniMd^  to  -  ikmmtlftik^i^dkihp,  fiJifii  >#       "'^ 


'yf' 


V     ..• 


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fiiMiMttHtfiMiiiiiiBdiid^liMlMM[iL«4i^^ 
jMlitli^iliitiiiiuOiii  fl^voii  lar  Ao  muili  it  *  ^IfilMiir 
#dhippwb>tion«  Bill  wiiltiiMt^^  il^^^Mt 
tiip  hcpt$  a  noble  libnry,  levtnl  pfttiig  rftett) 
iwMI  the  nalioiiid  iiehhres  were  lft«ii^0aB»> 
iaitttd  to  tfie  ftmiei,  which,  though  uoMeiibMlli 
I^RfsrCf  ofgovemmeist^  might  better  htf^^heen 
IglMed  It*l»i|»t,  however,  my  intention  to  joiR 
t|«0iitci3r»  which  will  probably  b^nkaii^^/ikm 
if^'lhi^^a^enn  a  line  of  conduct  at  tmm^im^ 
Wmvu  ^»<r  ^profitable.  Far  from  it|««n^MHi 
Qittppyrl  oannotlielpH  admiring  tha  MNafWOe 
ml  Hqpiliilji  of  the  British  troops,  sinoo|?iR|tH|cd 
aa#i(||%id  every  tight  to  be,  they  8parwli|hAiiaa 
was  poaaible,  all  private  peoperty,  nota  gingitltoner 
4Mhe  I '  loe  being  plundered  or  destroyed^  except 
^Mit  fipom  which  the  general's  horse  bid  been  ^ 
^^MNif  and  those  which  were  accidentally  tkmwn 
^wn  fay  ^flie- explosion  of  the  magaaines.         if^    ^ 

^IfhOe  the  third  brigade  was  thus  employed, 
tliMili^|ii6«iR^|r  having  reeaUed  it9f«|faggl«rs, 

nd««i||Mfbiiif^^  ^ 

its  mMii|-|WP»lirt|ia|iwAyii  .llimiilldie  battle 
mB^Mt^  iiWi  li  lijIdiii'WMiiili.  set  befof e 


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'  tiiiNBl%|^%tifiQli'6  Hifey  quitted  th^ 

sfdfOBi  tiie  fepdtt  <i^a^odmg  Vttii^2in#f1^^ 
^  ^>    «fi^h#faUing  roofe,  idform^dlheni,  ais  t^^pri^' 
iotti^,  ^ ysb*^^ ^"^^  goingforward.  You cancdft* 
>iei^>iiotNi^  finer  than  the  sight  which  met  theili^ 
,  a»lli«]r*drew  near  to  the  town.  The  sky  was  bril- 
'  liantly  iHumine#by  the  different  conflagratiiH^; 
and^  dark  red  light  was  thrown  ufmn  the>  UNt^ 
.«y||carat  to  permit  each  man  to.  vfew  distirtdi^ 
l^etmtf»de^8  face.  Except  the  burning^ Bt  Sm^ 
49iistiaR's,I  do  not  recollect  to  lfiv#  wltiiiiBes^  Hk 
af^  period  of  my  life,  a  scene  xs^lHtf  strikiiifW 
nlPl^ssoblime.  -:,■  %..)^?,- 

:*v|feving  advanced  as  far  as  theplain> 
'#etierv]p  had  previously  paused,  the  first  i 
brigades  halted ;  and,  forming  into  cldse  oobimn, 
passed  the  night  in  bivouack.    At  fii^  Iliis'^Sl  ^ 
agreeable  enough,  because  die  air  ifneiiSU^taM 
weariness  made  up  for  what  was  wanting  in  twiliiS^ 
foiid.,   Buttowwds  morning,  a  violet  stoiMi^^ 
rain,  accompanied  widi^  thunder  and  n^^ti^ng, 
came  on^  which  disturbed  the^rpst  of  att^ioee  wild 
,.  wereexposed  toit    Yd^%8piteofliii^^ 
^'  '-"ablenesB  oC/«e«tmg^Jl|^^  a|inot''t«i9^M^iiM 
disposed  ili^^iimblt'^p^  Iniefrtt^^ 
peai|gvdiaty^atih«(i^ftiiiiyi|ildiiii'l^^ 


'•f". 


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r 

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briHiiiM^, 'With  die  ^INl«ii»  wlriob  buiic  f^ 
raifir  ^  bufsifi|f^lvtas«il^  ii^UewM^ 
i3iKiiMlrtr^#iftiiei8^t^itfii»yi^  wftMsi  aUd  wa#' 
onlpimBftiipUill  %  iho^  occssHNisa  rovr  i^ommmiii 
sad  ^)me»4epi3m  ^gmnpow^i  "^^^  ciRiil^ 

Is^iWtd'flgatcdyobsBnre,  ^t  the  cORStema1iap|^:i^ 
(^HtmmlMiitaxts  was  con^)lete^  ||Mliln(4o  thc#f^^ 
ddiii«B»«  01^ ^terror.    SoconiklenllMdlti^ 
btflRof  tbe  nioceaB^of  their  tCfX)ps,thiitfiMKr  of IttS^ 
liBi^dMtwiftf  qnilthig  ^eir  hotises,  m%bsn^^s0^ 
B%1l|r)#i^>l  nor  #as  it  tUtthe  fugitives  fvoMt^M^ 
biittBileglli  tofilBh  in,  filling  every  jtoe  as  4h^; 
cttne  vHii  dkmay,  that  fte  President  himsidft 
th<M|^#lprovidii^  for  his  safety.    Thatge«[dt' 
niM^iii^|hras^*ei^bly<iiifo^       had  gonejbrth 
igitai^iiMNni%^idi  the  ra»ii^«nd  had  cootindiMi^ 
iiii%>lBs1itt&^tai  the  British  forces  began  to 
ntfft»  lliei«i«pi|iearanoe.    Whether  the  sight  of 
.fciliNiiBiiiiJii^ceoied  Mft  counge  or  not^  I  cannot 
sagi|NI)iM^$aMQri&%  to  n^Mormir,  no.  sooner^ 
ivsnilieg^^ing  of  oitf  arats  discer(libl6,  tlwh  hi^ 
bepiiKtBf;^iieovcr  ihat>Hiv^f^  more 

mtnllniimi^m^  vmt^  Hm^^  #i&  ^e  iUrn^ ;  and 
hdmi^Milkm  «ima|b'  |^lll»^  '^fltni'  -i^orted " 
«l^%l«B^I&do  hia^it^P^  to  his 

niiifclMiiipihi^hi^HMght  fra^    feast  fc^^hm^ 
entertainment  of  his  offiogrs^  when  they  s)^ 

t 

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*  retunfTnniQfiDQs.  ywix^xK  ^ruin  ot 

f^lNll^^iraiy^^  much  I  iib< 

t!it  Mf^  ili^  lAtsttiaHy^IJIredy  though,  in* 

it^ftcfdf  b^ihg  devbU««a  by  ^InMcaii  of&ceiti;  it 

%i6fit«b  satisfy  th^  lesd  deKi[^Mi^^{ipetiiiB^%f%^ 

"^jHr  ilhglish  soldiera.    I'V^iih' the  data«ihn«ii^ 

,    l^tbitt  to^es^y  Mr;^Madi^'^%ouM,  ent^- 

'^  ^liis  dini»l|  pailour,  llky  fotihd  a  ditvnetmiiAs 

^Mpetidj  and  66vei^  laid  for  forty  g^«sii^   SevM 

'^'  kinds  dF'virinelin  handsome  cut^gl»to4Silea&l«M» 

Weft  (^ling  on  the  side-board ;  (dii|tMiolder9itiM)fl 

t^^e'fitv-place,  filled  with  iliittilt  and  pkillfiaf 

^     iLiyves,  Ibits  and  spcions,  wele  ln|^ttd  for  liii* 

^  liySfete  use ;  in  short,  ^ery^Si^^mtlMtify^ 

f  0^entertAinment  of  a  ceremoiiibas  pi^^^Sich 

&el  arrangements  in  the  dining-rooav,  \l!^t 

tiie  kitchen  were  others  answerabhiipXtit  Mi  in 


.  0 


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every  respect.  S^,  loaded  with  yiklli^inlA' 
mi  itxtts,  turhed  belbittr  the  fire)  plils^  aMlie^ilii^ 
afid  other  culinary  utensils,  stdo^i^plfei  \tKe  j^iitb  $ 
^d  lUr  the  other  requisites  for  an  Elegant  iMl^ii>- 
6tantial  repast,  were  exacfly  in  a  stttr  1*1110114(1^. 
dicated^atlSiiiy  h&d  been  h^fefy  and  t|Mglip». 
IJ^'abanddiid.  '      *  ^^ 

You  win  reac^  imagine,  that  these  pi tf^tllte 
were  l^held,  by  a  party  of  hangrfiddllitf#lfli 
no  indifferent  eyei^^k#eg«itttd^ 
considerabtf  tyver-JNilld,  was  a  li 
,0C  them,  ^vXmx  for  sOMttt  iHh^l 

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41 


t%£»e8  of  the  day,  $|)pcia«il  |ifi^|iiiy^i|yj^^ 
niiMt  Qiader^  iMi|p(V«;  Ml^ 

&^[|)^ixf  thie  ]iViVies»  they  fiiiisli^  by  setting  fire  0 
tt^yhflpfie   which  had  s^,^^|m||^  ^^rt^^^^ 


}■; 


I*  i 


>^Piit,  99 1  l||sK;^^|ust  observed,  this  was  a  |ug|||v, 
Oli^wnuyitci^iahfibitantsof  Was  Theft 

Mfi^gft  t»lw%<?«^  by  surprise 5  nor  Qould  11^**^^ 

aj^^ya}  of  j^e  fljQiod  be  more,  unexpected  to  the  na^ 
Ijips  Q|,jd^e  antediluvian  world,  than  the  arr^y;^; 
vji^flf^^  army  to  them.  The  first  impulse 
04oQi|P)^t9m])ted  them  to  fly,  and  the  str^^i^:' 
]p|p^.  j^  ooi^iM]ilence  crowded  with  soldiers  an^ 
s^pi^lm  iiail^womra^^^  horsies,  c^r-    «  - 

^j|9iH)n^aid0if^  loaded  with  household  furniture, 
1^  ,|t^taip?g  towards  a  wooden  bridge  wMph 
ClUftf iitJtfaft  Fotomac  The  confiifiian  thus  ^ccar 
«Mgiad  was  terrible^  an^  th«  crowd'  i^oathe  hfidgp 
iHII^SHGh  ^  to  ^mdaoger  its  gl^ipg  Way.  But  Mn 
Ajidiiproi  lpyio§^  leaped  amovg  the.firsjt,  was  no  .^' 

Mii%<|der|  that  4i«,i|P  ^uj4 1^  broken 


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'  V  ■ 


iHga^iniovcd  into  the  citjr^  ilftib  ^wiveMtVe^AI 

>iile^  %«  faeigiit,  about  fafttf 'i  niile  Mk»^mm' 

Wawtiyer,  nowremiiliied  toflse  domr^beesiiilfc 

^tftiriglfiafked  out  {brdtfstnietioft,  w«ftrtMii#|r 

^ofittfiied.    Qf  the  senat^-liouse;  <lie  I^re^ttnP* 

>KkK:e,  Ihik  baigiek^,  the  dock-yard,  &a^iio^fif% 

^iould'be  seen,  except  heaps  of  smoking  rfiiilil% 

ind  liven  the  bridge,'  a  noUe  atruetme  upwarda  «f 

$itiile  in  length,  was  almost  whoBji^denMlliML' 

«3^a«'was,  therefore,  no  farttier  i^iaea^ii  4&  deit- 

.K0rthe  troops,  and  they  were  abcordkgfy  kaptio- 

^  <¥J  'v:'-^^t^^*^  as  much  as  possiUe  on  th6  Ca^piwNiiHp%. 

r  i    ^«^jN)r  the  city  of  Washington,  I  haif^^piaipdlt^ 

flIxJjped  attemptiiy  any  minute  dc8iJi|>itoi!ir%M>> 

B&dse  it  posa^es  no  leading  feailliii^aMtclllHg 

which  otte  nMght  conv^  to  a  pefeiteliii^li|iM^ 

sbferi  it,  something  like  an  ae^ufste  Holloii^  >||ie 

X^         iilote.  ^ft  is,  as  you  are  wcii;ware,  0inii^iallly4fi 

;t       it^  Maitcyy  feii^4)f  ^  street8^%feiilg  IbsifMkf-'^ 

%ukij^:6e»nt8itiing  kiot  moit  than  llnreevolti  «lilir 

houses  at  wid6>ittM««ttl6  ^nmi^mi^  edUfi^  Mt 

y  ^  fifom  itt^^llidalion,  k  derives  «v«7^ 


'I 


^^:^-'^  Unhed  Stallftlbr 


caliaiy^  ft 


It 


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f 


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'W0 


belter  IMfboitf^lKnt  Wttdiiaift(m»  h^eindii^iiMir 
llie^foiomAq  dm  of  tlM  most  navigsbleiof  adl  tte 
itvtfi  Afttemirty  dieiinehwdliitatlKtChtH^Mldui 

Jitm^it^^.^dt^  nrhicli  b  twfficient  to  float*  irlg«i» 
HirB^qni  wi^  abdve  the  town  $  it  iherefoii»  f^  4 
eiliHe  iBiiiiy  &cmtk«&rthcc«iTying<Jnof  eiiis^ 
tansiyi  trade;  Wbilst  its  distance^m the  ooastJ»^'  ^ 
such  aa  to  pbce  it,  in  a  great  meaaurer  ^hsfVBuA  ^ 
reach^of  insUHfiPom  an  enemy.    Ta  s^te i4|is 
blter>aar^«Mie  of  its  advantages,  may  appcif  ifsitt^^ 
dkmieid  i^one^^ho  has  just  related  die  parti<dE^^| 
of  ItB;  capture  I  but  the  truth  is,  that  this  ei^turc 
wa&  bMQght  about  more  by  the  extremeidl9F>  ^ 


Ivt 


llM^^imRrioaii 'government,  and  their  tibsurd  csjOiit  'Hi^i 
idffm<<|iit  kiyoold  never  be  attempted,  th^n  ll^*  ^°  <  ' 
fip  jg^errqiii#.    Had  the  emergeiiey  been  con-  ^ 
^<py>itete4i!il*<  IP  a  proper  manner  provided  agarost, 
^' lll^  W^^^iiull  and  coumge  been  dUf^ayed 
mmm^^a^^JSi^o^^^  of  our  troops,  the  de^ 
Wij^ii  §sgl^^  «t  all»  WKfM  hm^  been  either 
abaminHid  iftiRMdisiielyi  or  amst  have  e^^ded..  |i 
.l|ie.talal^^#ealmptioAi3f.thft'iii|r«dera. .  '^^^  .'-.:..t^  :m«;. 
^  &«jN»ii^ia8nt  I9«rna^  il  ia  btHMeonift^ 
4iMMM«#buiM^  ^  S«nate 


t?- 


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thfti^plik  hiU,  and  new  a 

s^-QionniBiailiieTiteisfinomwli^ 

thntft.  modem  fefxiblieaiis  am  led  to  flancp  ihem- 

ariKreSi  that  the  dajrs  ai^  ^QOiii^ 

ijQi^^oWeri»dgBindevir  th^  aenattt-hoase  of  Mi^ 

i^M^imaelf.    It  waalHiUt  entirely  gf  (rj^lMii^, 

!  ^^pilitty^woEked  and  Jiif^y  ^poUahed  s  m^  bim 

•jsHifiM,  ks  nntnerous  windows^  waa  Ugbted  §Kmp  a 

Plop%  a  lar^  ai^  handaomeipupola.    Fmli^it 

.co|ild:notbeaaid,to  belong,  lo  any  decidad  a^le: 

oCvlBcbiteclure ;  b^  its  tout-ensembk'ww  lit^: 

a^n^w Elegant.    After  traversing  a  wide  and^ 
'f  %pBioiis  entrance-haU»  you  anrived  at-i^  foot  of 

a  iinidsonie  spiral  hangmg  staircase ;  oq  die  rigbi 

of  infllich  were  two  magnificent  apartn|eQi4  umi 
flf  the  other,  which  were  oconpied  fi»;^|tiBg 
bers,  by  the  two  houses  of 

From  thesevlianched  off  several 

fitted  up  as  offices,  and 

^e  various  officers  of  the  stata    On^^' 

thestkircase,  again,  w^e  twootiia^apartiiienfiCMpal 
''■  in  BKEe  to  those  on  the  left,  willk  a  like  nttmbitP 

^  smallaF  rdcMAS)  braiclyng  off  fitnn  liteiik  ^^[lieai^ 

were  furnished  aa«  public  libiMTv  tlt^'^i^ l*rgif 
/  beingn»«tt  stocked  widi  val««tdebook«||iiDeipiBy 

m  modern  langtMiJIpfea^MddM^O^^ 

ai«hiv«s^  natioiiii  alaipp,  aoli  # 

md  naad  ai  Unfnmn^  m^tm 


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for  Mai%,  exc^jt  th^  mto-^  tM6i»'iMAtaitkk 
Hn  tftruet^fo.    Irwai  smiitt^  faicoiiiiiiodbosi  aid 
|li4|;  in  no  iy»p^bt  likdy  toexeito,  ilie  jwldoif  «f 
a  people"  piedaKartjr  ayene  to  all  patnp  ^pnd&j 
even<iii^ir^cy«fniag»tnite.  Besides  di^'flifite 
ii^^sre  aliba  cuslom-lifotlMj  several  banking-y(li|^;(>;, 
M  ti  sdhool  or  college,  all  claiming  to  tfieAudiris 
the' distinction  of  public  worths;  but  in  them^iei«    * 
in^'a  |ilakness  amounting  almost  to  cdaraeness; 
aiid  a  genieral  air  of  repuldicanism,  by  n^;fnef|iiA 
ifHipo^ng.  '*'•  If  you  ask  nte  respecting  iheitaaij^ 
flf  Inbabl^Mila  ^ich  Washington  contains^il  cq#  v- 
fesi  thM 'i^amKyt  pretend  to  answer  the  questbn    '  \^^ 
^NMriiij^iexactness,  but  from  the  extent  of  ground 
liwr^dj^what  is  considered  as  the  town,  IshcMlld  vV^-^ 
1^rill|il^wfaere  about  sixty  thousand.    Geot^''  t^   ' 
t#|i%  the  iquilher  where  the  Prijfliident's  bouse 
lii^^jatil^llpact  and  regular,  containing,  I  should 
«ttiig|t>i«^  it  leu  twenty  thousand  souls  within  i^ 
iillfnoi^din  the. population  of  the  other  quaiiterft 
Ijrciltmttea  at  lesff  than  double  that  niunber. 
^^Siieh  Is  lUe  ciQr  ^  Washing^, 'bf  wfaieh  octt  ^  . 
tki  r  and  :pifri(Bndly  visit  did  not  allow  us  to  lid»     . 
'i'ye^Diillfte  ^ae<!oiiiif^  ■t'^^mi'  tfierefore,/#:v  W-  ^^«. 
^ibfi^^teiivMBettti.    -t  - --r^r^--       •       ^^'^-ii 
sftwed  above,  Jf^tiur  troops  w«*teAi' 
as  much  togeth^  ^spossibie  i^oti  tiie 


r 


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4ti^Mig^  ti^o^  defeated,  was  fiw-jfi^  fiiH|i)| 
Jh||^  i^jUfl  leaving  j^  ^  ti«K  r^yeieillti  BfHMik 
«oiiC6ntnite  ita^  ji  owr  front  I  il«|4Pt 
w  ii^^fe*^  *^  fi?n»idable  ^  ap{mppjy||  «|t|^ 


•4^v 


.J- 


Crom  the  bapk  aettleinfi)|p«^ 
too  l^e  to  take  p^rt  in  %|. 
^  ^'t|Mgt  :iira^4  tbit  bo^  combi|i9% 
niiifjjr  twelve  4liousand  ineQ. 
,  ;^htt^  PIT  not  it  wa% 
4^»|l!ftli|*r»1^d  to  8»y,  Ippiisf  41; 


4  A&e  prodigioua  l£^  ^Ae  ^.iM«  ;^4i#l||p# 


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WA9BIlf(;T<l>¥.  Ml 

sheets  of  paper;  while  the  rain  which  accompanied 
it,  resembled  the  rushing  of  a  mighty  cataract, 
rather  than  the  ''-opping  of  a  shower.  The  dark- 
ness was  as  great  as  if  the  sun  had  long  set,  and 
the  k^t  remains  of  tvifilight  had  come  (»i,  ocda- 
siotially  relieved  by  flashes  of  vivid  lightning 
streaihing  through  it,  which,  together  with  the 
noise  of  the  wind  and  the  thunder,  the  craslv  of 
fallbig  buildings,  and  the  tearing  of  roofs  as  they 
were  stript  from  the  walls,  jn'oduced  the  most  ap» 
palling  effect  I  ever  have,  and  probably  ever  shaO, 
witness.  This  lasted  for  nearly  two  hours  without 
intermission ;  during  which  time,  many  oi  th« 
houses  spared  by  us,  were  blown  down;  and  thirty 
of  our  men,  besides  several  of  the  inhabitants,  buried 
beneath  tjiieir  ruins.  Our  column  was  as  completely 
dispersed,  as  if  it  had  received  a  total  defeat ;  somf 
of  the  m^n  flying  for  shelter  behind  walls  and 
biilNtings,  and  others  falling  flat  upon  the  ground. 
to^|irev«nt  themselves  from  being  carried  away  by 
the  tempest  ;jiay,  such  was  the  violence  of  the 
wild,  that  two  pieces  of  cannon  which  stood  upon 
the  eminence,  were  fairly  lifted  from  the  ground, 
and  borne  several  yards  to  the  rear. 


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WASHINGTON. 


LETTER  XL  . 

Wh  e  n  the  hurricane  had  blovm  over,  the  cffllip 
of  the  Americans  appeared  to  be  in  as  great  a  state 
of  confusion  as  our  own  ;  nor  couk)  either  party 
recover  themselves  sufficiently  during  the  rest  of 
th6  day,  to  try  the  fortune  of  a  battle.  Of  this, 
General  Ross  did  not  fail  to  take  advantage.  He 
had  already  attained  all  that  he  could  hope,  and 
perhaps  more  than  he  originally  expected  to  attain ; 
consequently,  to  risk  another  action,  would  only 
be  to  spill  blood  for  no  purpose.  Whatever  might 
be  the  issue  of  the  contest,  he  could  deirive  from*  it 
no  advantage.  If  he  were  victorious,  it  Wbiild  not 
destroy  the  necessity  which  exi|i^  of  evacuHtftig 
Washington;  if  defeated,  his  ruin  was  certBiri.  To 
avoid  fighting  was,  therefcMre,  his  ol^j^ct,  and  per- 
haps he  owed  its  accomplishment  to  the  fortibate 
occurrence  c  "^  the  storm.  Be  that,  however,  as  it 
may,  a  retrea  was  resolved  upon ;  and  we  now 
only  waited  for  night,  to  pijft  the  resolution  into 
practice. 

There  was,  however,  one  difficulty  to  be  sur- 
mounted in  this  proceeding.  Of  the  wounded, 
many  were  so  HV^  as  to  preclude  all  pbsslbility  of 


jp^        'sir' 


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<'■/' 


WAtHJirGTON. 


143 


f 


,p^' 


their  removal,  and  to  leave  them  in  the  hands  of 
an  enemy  whom  we  had  benten,  was  rather  a  mor- 
tifying anticipation.  But  for  this  there  was  no 
help ;  and  it  now  only  remained  to  make  the  best 
arrangements  for  their  comfort,ffand  to  secure  for 
them,  as  far  as  could  be  done,  civil  treatment  from 
the  Americans. 

It  chanced,  that  among  other  prisoners  taken  at 
Bladensburg,  was  Commodore  Barney,  an  Ameri- 
can officer  of  much  gallantry  and  high  sense  of  ho- 
nour. Being  himself  wounded,  he  was  the  more 
likely  to  feel  for  those  who  were  in  a  similar  con- 
dition, and  having  received  the  kindest  treatment 
from  our  medical  attendants,  as  long  as  he  continued 
under  their  hands,  he  became,  without  solicitation, 
the  friend  of  his  fellow-suff«:ers.  To  him,  as  well 
as  to  th^vOther  prisoners,  was  given  his  parole,  and 
^  h|9^e  were  our  wounded,  in  a  peculiar  man- 
l^t,  intri^edit  a  trust  which  he  received  with  the 
ikn^t  willingness,  and  discharged  with  the  most 
praiaeworthy  exactaess.  Among  other  terms,  it 
waJ  agreed  between  him  and  General  Ross,  that 
such  ol^  our  peofde  as  were  left  behind,  should  be 
considered  as  prisoners  of  war,  and  should  be  re- 
stored to  tis,  as  soon  as  they  were  able  to  travel ; 
when  he  and  his  countryman  would,  in  exchange, 
be  released  from  their  engagements. 

A3  soon  as  diese  arrangements  were  completed, 
and  darkness  had  come  on,  the  third  brigade, 


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144 


WASHINOtON. 


'.■I 


which  was  poMed  ki  the  rear  of  our  anny,  b^gui 
its  retreat.  Then  foOowed  the  guns,  afterwards 
the  second,  and  last  of  all  the  light  brigade, 
exactly  reversing  the  order  which  had  been  main- 
tained during  the  advance.  Instead  of  an  advanced 
guard,  this  last  now  furnished  a  party  to  cover  the 
retreat,  and  the  whole  procession  was  closed  by 
the  mounted  drivers. 

It  being  matter  of  great  importance  to  deceive 
the  enemy,  ai\d  to  prevent  pursuit,  the  rear  oi  the 
column  d.d  not  quit  its  ground  upon  the  Capitol 
till  a  late  hour.  During  the  day,  an  order  had 
been  issued  that  none  of  the  inhabitants  should 
be  seen  in  the  streets  after  eight  o'clock ;  and  as 
fear  renders  most  men  obedient,  this  order  was 
punctually  attended  to.  All  the  horses  belonging 
to  different  officers,  had  likewise  been  removed  to 
drag  the  guns,  nor  was  any  one  allowed  to  ridt^ 
lest  a  neigh,  or  even  the  trampling  of  hoofs,  should 
excite  suspicion.  The  fires  were  trimmed,  and 
made  to  blaze  bright ;  and  fuel  enough  left  to 
keep  diem  ao  for  some  hours ;  and  finally,  about 
half  past  nine  o'clock,  the  troops  formed  in  march^ 
ing  order,  and  moved  ^qS[  in  the  most  profound 
silence.  Not  a  word  was  spoken,  nor  a  single  in* 
dividual  permitted  to  step«i|e  inch  out  of  his  place, 
and  thus  they  passed  along  the  streets  peilbcdy 
unnoticed,  and  cjeared  the  town  without  any  alarm 
being  given.  Yoit  will  imagine  that  our  pac»  was   * 


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wA^iHiireToii.  145 

none  of  "^  viMt  tvdjt  coii8e(|u«itly  h  was  not 
long  btfore  we  roM^ed  thf,  ground  which  had 
been  cccupied  by  the  ofhcr  brigades.  Here  we 
iMMid  a  second  line  of  fires  blazirig  in  the  same 
■MBiner  l»  th()se  deserted  by  ourselves ;  and  the 
same  precautions,  in  every  respect,  adopted  to  in- 
duce a  belief  that  our  army  was  still  quiet  Be- 
yond these,  agaii:,  we  found  two  or  diree  sditary 
fires,  placed  in  such  order  as  to  resemble  those  «f 
a  chain  of  piquets.  In  short,  the  deception  was 
so  well  managed,  that  even  we  ourselves  were  at 
first  doubtful  whether  the  rest  of  the  troops  had 
withdrawn. 

By  the  time  we  reached  the  ground  where  yes- 
terday's battle  had  been  fought,  the  moon  rose, 
and  exhibited  a  spectacle  by  no  means  enlivening. 
The  dead  were  still  unburied,  and  lay  about  in 
every  direction,  completely  naked.  They  had  been 
stripped  even  of  their  shirts,  and  having  been  ex- 
fOied  in  ibis  state  to  die  violent  rain  in  the  morn- 
ings they  appeared  to  be  bleached  to  a  most  unna* 
tuial  deglet  of  whiteness.  The  heat  and  rain 
tagcthftPy  had  likewise  aifected  them  in  A  different 
ilDBdiMgri  and  die  smell  which  arose  upon  the  night 
ai^  waahorrible.  ^  ^ 

Theie  b  som«diin|^i|i  such  a  scene  as  this,  ex- 
tremely humblbg,  and  repugnant  to  the  feelings  ti* 
human  nature.    During  the  agitadbii  of  a  battle, 
itit  ttoiliing  to  see  men  fall  in  himdreds  by  y6ar 


i-i.  ■'«*/■ 


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mi.ASENSBU&G. 


side.  '  Tou  tn&f  look  at  them,  perhaps,  for  an  in- 
stant, but  you.do  so  flmost  without  being  yourself 
aware  of  it,  so  completely  are  your  thoughts  car- 
ried away  by  the  excitaticm  of  tfie  moment,  and 
the  shouts  of  your  companions.  But  when  you 
come  to  view  the  dead  in  an  hour  of  calmness, 
stripped  as  they  generally  are,  you  cannot  help  re- 
membering how  frail  may  have  been  the  coverii^ 
which  saved  yourself  from  being  the  loathsome 
thing  on  which  you  are  now  gazing.  For  myself, 
I  confess  that  these  reflections  rose  within  my 
mind  on  the  present  occasion;  and  if  any  (»ie 
should  say,  that,  similarly  situated,  they  would 
not  rise  in  his,  I  should  give  him  no  credit  toe  a 
superior  degree  of  courage,  but  might  perhaps 
be  inclined  to  despise  him  for  his  want  of  the  com- 
mon feelings  of  a  reasonable  being. 
%r  In  Bladensburg,  the  brigade  halted  {(x  an  hour, 
while  those  men  who  had  thrown  away  their  knap- 
sacks endeavoured  to  recover  them.  During  this 
interval,  I  strolled  up  to  a  house  which  had  beefn 
converted  into  an  hospital,  and  paid  a  hasty  visit 
to  the  wounded.  I  found  them  in  great  pain,  and 
some  of  them  deeply  aflfectedat  the  thought  of 
being  abcmdoned  by  their  comrades,  and  left  to  the 
mercy  of  their  enemies.  Yet,  in  their  apprehen- 
sion of  evil  treatment  from  die  Americans,  the 
event  proved  that  tbey  had  done  injustice  to  that 
people ;  who  were  found  to  possess  at  least  one 


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147 


generous  trait  in  their  character,  namely,  ^at  of 
behaving  kindly  and  attentively  to  their  prisoners. 
'  As  soon  as  die  stragglers  had  returned  to  Aeir 
ranks,  we  again  moved  on,  continuing  to  mardi 
without  once  stopping  to  rest,  during  the  whole  of 
the  night.     Of  the  fatigue  of  a  night  march,  none 
but  those  who  have  experienced  it,  can  form  the 
smallest  conception.     Oppressed  with  the  most 
intolerable' drowsiness,  we  were  absolutely  dozing 
upon  our  legs ;  and  if  any  check  at  the  head  of  the 
column  caused  a  momentary  delay,  the  road  was 
instantly  covered  with  men  fast  asleep.     It  is  ge- 
nerally acknowledged,  that  no  inclination  is  so  dif- 
ficult to  resist,  as  the  inclination  to  sleep;  but 
when  you  are  compelled  not  only  to  bear  up 
against  this,  but  to  struggle  also  with  weariness, 
and  to  walk  at  the  same  time,  it  is  scarcely  possi- 
ble to  hold  out  long.     By  seven  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  it  was  therefore  absolutely  necessary  to 
pause,  because  numbers  had  already  fallen  behind, 
and  numbers  more  were  ready  to  follow  their  ex- 
ample; when  throwing  ourselves  upon  the  ground, 
almost  in  the  same  order  in  which  we  had  march- 
ed,  in  less  than  five  minutes  there  was  not  a  sin- 
gle unclosed  iye  throughout  the  whole  brigade. 
Piquets  were  of  course  stationed,  and  sentinels 
placed,  to  whom  no  rest  was  granted,  but  exce^ 
tfiese,  the  entire  army  resemblibd  a  heap  of  dead 
bbdies  on  a  field  of  battle,  rather  than  living  ineri. 


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148 


NOTTINGHAM. 


""  In  this  situation  we  remained  till  noon,  when 
we  were  again  routed  to  continue  the  retreat. 
Though  the  sun  was  oppressively  powerful,  we 
moved  on  without  resting  till  ciatk,  when  having 
arrived  at  our  old  position  near  Marlborough,  we 
halted  for  the  night.  During  this  day's  march, 
we  were  joined  by  numbers  of  negro  slaves,  who 
implored  us  to  take  them  along  with  us,  offering 
to  serve  either  as  soldiers  or  sailors,  if*  we  would 
but  give  them  their  liber^ ;  but  as  General  Ross 
persisted  in  protecting  private  property  of  every 
description,  few  of  them  were  fortunate  enough  to 
obtain  their  wishes. 

*  We  had  now  proceeded  a  distance  of  thirty- 
live  miles,  and  began  to  consider  ourselves  beyond 
the  danger  of  pursuit.  The  remainder  of  the  re- 
treat was  therefore  conducted  with  more  leisure ; 
our  next  march  carr}'ing  us  no  farther  than  Not- 
tingham, where  we  remained  during  an  entire  day, 
for  the  purpose  of  resting  the  troops.  It  cannot, 
however,  be  said,  that  this  resting  time  was  spent 
in  idleness.  A  gun-brig,  with  a  number  of  ships, 
launches,  and  long  boats,  had  made  xheir  way  up 
the  stream,  and  were  at  anchor  opposite  to  the 
town  dn  board  the  former  were  carried  such  of 
the  wounded  as  had  been  able  to  travel,  while  the 
latter  were  loaded  with  flour  and  tobacco,  the 
only  spoil  which  we  found  it  possible  to  bring  off. 
While  the  infantry  were  thus  employed,  the 


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it||?8yck«^i  %^B|^  to 

il^lpipit^^t^  w«ll  lor  Uie  few  aficagglers 

i^i^  mj^  i  X^iaugU  th«rc  sip^ear^  tp  b^j^oji^ 
j||p||gQ,^the  pait  of  the  America^  general  p 
PUT  sliBps,  and jto  harass  the  jretrisut,  t)|ie;ip- 
itS:  of,  tl^it  village,  at  the  instigation^  ,4|f^ 
ii|l$4ical.praptitiQner  called  3ean,  had  riseii  i^^np|s 
9^  8QQD  as.we^  were  departed ;  and ialliii^g  .t]|^ 
|Ddi  individuaU  as  str^ed  from  ^e  pohisftQ,  ^t 
Ipn^  of  Uieip  |o  death,  and  made  others  pfisoneri^. 
4-  sK>ldier  whom  they  had  taken,  and  j^hoJif^d 
ppjlljtt^*  gs^y«  this  inforniation  to  the  trooj^Der^just 
IU|;,they  weriB  About  to  return  to  head  qw^grtj^r^j; 
*  ||i<i>^4iiq^Ci  %ey  immediately  wheeled  fi^t,  ||d 
pillqtpilig  into  the  village,  pulled  the  dp(?|(f  9p^^ 
|^/be^,(far  it  was  early  in  the  morning^)  an^P!^- 
^Il^ejljbiin,  by  a  threat  of  instant  death,^  tp  Ul^|p|e 
||t^^ii$qi^ers;  and  mqunting  him  befori?,  pnf  ^,^ 
Hf^rty;.  brought  him  in  triumph  to  the  caipp,    ^-p 
^.IPiev^Quiid^d,  the  artillery,,  and  plunder,  beipg 
iHp^^^j^i^i^^dpp  the  28th,  at  day-bi'eak  on  J^ 
l^t^^^e  tpQk«|^,  direction  of  St.  il^ni&dict'^,  wh^    > .  t* 
|Ki4j||i«ed,x^i^out,j^i;^y  s^dventure,  at  ^te  hoHr       ^ 
iij^«vew»g.    I^^^^ai^  pccupied  j|^  \^ 
of  i|f|iiqh  >%  ^<l  t^^  po§|^iQR,|pi%  ^ 
pas^g'^thg^.nig]^  ^.  1^    /&i^i       ^ 

terftiSibo^^oC 
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with  sailor&^fFQi^tbe  djfetent  i^lp^pC  vpr^  ^^^ 
welcorned  our  arrival  M'ith  IfHi^.  1^^  ;  x^ 
having  contrived  tp^  bring  up  a  la)|{cr>  d$9|^  t%R 
iiad  been  employed  in  the  djjsemburltatioii,  ^tfajey 
Bomoved  us  Avithin  a  few  hours^  ahd  wi^outHm 
occuirenceofany  accident,to  our  respective  vqn|^- 
^  lining  now  detailed  die  psu-ticulars  o£  4^ 
blpliant.  expedition,  I  may  periu^s  be,  pardofie^, 
$Ji.  finish  the  present  letter  with  a- military  revii^ 
qC  the  conduct  of  both  armies  4urii|g^  its.C(% 
tinu^ce.  In  doing  so,  however,  I  am  far  fhxn 
wishing;  to  assume  to  myself  any  peculiar  loiow:' 
ledge  in  these  matters.  The  remarks  which  | 
shall  make,  are  exaedy  such  as  vifpdd  be  ws^ 
fa^  any  man,  whether  s  soldier  or  not,  possessed 
of  the  slightest  degree  of  penetration^;  b^ause  th^ 
errors  committed,  as  well  as  tlie  skill  di^ayedi 
even  by  the  British  general,  were  too  apparent^ 
^cape  notice.  ^.^ 

4tTo  begin,  then^  ^with  the  conquerors.  -  Tlj^ 
gFeat  error  of  GeneriU  Ross  appears  tohavebee»# 
want  of  sufficient  confidence  in  himself*  >  ^lorlis 
St^surpri^g  that  he  was^llivf  difl|dent>$  b^t^ 
^ugh  an  officer  of  gi?at  couiiige  and«oitsidef»hif 
experience,  his  service  Kacytlen  hitherto  ,peffQCilt^ 
ed  in^i  subordintHfrsituation.  AsgememlomRgiide 
undftTvliord  Wellington,  he  M  nosdoublllepiit 


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tiie':^:Ofi^^ln  an  excd^  school;  but  he 
hadi  w  5*t;  teamed'onlf  to  ql^UJ^d  being 
tlHDI  miiideiilf  eaHed  upon  to  trust  solely  to  his 
01^  rtatiatceBf  it  would  have  been  strange 
had  he  llot  beeA  in  some  degree  apprehensive  of 
the  event  A  general  of  brigade,  as  every  one 
knows^  is  of^essed.wi^h  no  more  responsibili^ 
than  ii  coI(»iel  commanding  a  battalicxi.  What- 
ever he  is  directed  to  do,  must  be  done ;  and  let 
#ie  result  be  what  it  will,  he  is  in  no  shape  an- 
swerable. But  place  the  same  man  at  the  head 
of  an  inde]!fendent  army,  however  trifling  in  point 
of  number,  the  case  becomes  completely  chang- 
ed; since  he  feels  that  upon  his  determinations 
depend,  not  only  the  success,  but  the  lives  and 
si&ty  oC  his  troops.  The#  are  few  persons  so 
gifted  by  nature  with  the  talents  of  rwarrior,  as 
not  to  experience,  when  first  brought  into  this  si- 
toationf  a  degree  of  anxiety  which  is  sure  to  pro- 
duce vacillation.  But  in  war  there  is  nothing  mra-e 
likely  than  this  to  occasion  fatal  effects  j  since  it  is 
better  to  persist  in  a  plan,  though  not  the  best, 
than  to  distract  the  minds  of  your  soldiers  by  con- 
tinue changing.  •  Of  diffidence,  General  Ross  was 
certsonly  guilty,  and  exhibited  it  in  theSoss,  first 
of  three  hours  at  Mbttjn^m,  and  again  of  eight 
hours  at  Marlborou|ifc  It  may  be  said,  indeed, 
that  unless  the  capture  of  Washington  was  the 
original  end  of  the  inroad,  he  should  not  bp 


*  ^' 


\  ♦. 


^»-s' 


r  n, 


ft*' 


*%i/^ 


^ 


■*^'^:;t 


yw 


Ain 


J. 


»t1 


!,    4 


l;^ 


:t 


riv    V 


It 


V 


tf 


■4 


'H 


rsd 


SJ.  »B1fS«14}T'S, 


^ 


^cu9d<9  of  xMdelpiHby  tMusing  bdfeie'lM^ttmtoi^ 
took  it.  ;  But  lo  thi»  I  canttcA  agfcs ;  because  S 
general  ought  to  make  up  his  miifd  in  a  ta&KnetkiT 
and  surely,  three  hours  affisrded  sy|ieieiit  time  fcr 
tfiat  purpose :  andihe  truth  b^  that  the  cipturs  of 
Washington  was  not  the  original  end  of  tlw  et^. 
fiedition.  To  destroy  the  fiotiUa,  was  the  asl^ 
object  of  the«  disembarkation ;  and  but  for  dic,<fl|iN 
stigations  of  Admiral  Cockbum,  who  accompaniedi 
the  army,  the  capital  of  America  would  probably 
have  escaped  its  visitation.  It  was  he,  who,  on 
the  retreat  of  that  flotilla  from  Nottingham,  urg^ 
^e  necessity  of  a  pursuit,  which  was  not  agreed 
to  without  some  wavering;  and  it  was  he  also 
who  suggested  the  attack  upon  Washington^  aoA 
finally  prevailed  on  General  Ross  to  venture  sa&r 
from  the  shipping. 

The  next  error  which  I  am  bound  to  notice, 
was  displayed  in  the  battle  itself.  The  troops 
were  hurried  into  action  after  a  long  and  toilsome 
march,  without  having  time  to  close  their  ranks, 
XMT  to  cool  their  parched  lips  with  water.  No  at* 
tempt  was  made  to  discover  a  ford,  by  which  they, 
might  cross  the  river,  but  they  were,  led  directl|y 
in  ^tbe  fijfis  of  a  powerful  hftttery,  to  assault  the 
very  centre  of  the  e^eif^'a' position.  Had  the 
Americans  been  better  troQ|i>iii' and  »n  a  higher  stale 
of  discipline,  the  'Jonsequenc<^  of  this  rash  impe^ 
tuosity  must  hace  been  fatjrf;  since  out  array 


\M^ 


9- 


IT 


■l#4,4- 


if  4- 


^V^' 
ll»^* 


.« 


w. 


•«•■■ 


^^"•S^iijj 


S\" 


H'" 


gade  cat  off  ^iDgLy»  befioA  ^.d4kh  <xM  tkArt 


ic*      % 


■^WJ 


iHi nmmHtiii^ as«'|^«»in^  fttlh^  because  it if^ 
pmttd^itk&et  vna  a  fariinmtJto  the  left  of  the 
Aimencait  positioo.  Now,  had  part  of  theH«ni^ 
ittMie  a  demonstratbh  at  tfie  bridge,  whilst  the  resi 
dwaaed  by  this  ferd,  the  attention  of  the  enemf 
#Mi)d  have  foei^  drawn  to  t^  ^  Jnts  insteaNlltf 
tiiief  and  thftir  left,  which  after  ftllwaa^'llli^nt)^ 
before4he-battie  wa^  won,  might  htfire  beeAbirdlNir 
2tt  onee,  md'tfii  victory  gained  with  half  the  kMt 
Ai  ttMcltlhg  to  enemy's  position,  the  gr^te^ 
tlvMfAM  of  points  which  you  threaten,  the:irtoi^ 
l^'tfly  IHH"  you  ht  to  succeed.  If,  for  exa1hpfe|; 
4i^y  behold  columns  moving  upon  their  ^i^f, 
Iheiif  lefty  aud  centre  at  the  same  time,  it  \h  clUfik 
thilt  tffey  ■  will  be  unable  to  change  their  j^ient 
•#Sifepi  bebause  they  cannot  tell  upoh  whit  p6Iii^ 
Ai&  i^i  assault  is  to  fall;  whereas,  if  yoii  advance 
ifl'^otte  body,  they  see  instantly  where  dahgdj- 
i^'to  be  apprehended,  and  weaken  the  rest  of  their 
line;  thatt'  they  may  oppose  it.  Again,  t!le  pre- 
dfjiitahcy  with  which  die  troops  we^hurricd 
hito  fire^  prevented^^^^  j^sibility  of  lilmtainini 


bsequehce  wsis,  mat 


close  or  firm  ranks^i 

ftey  could  make  no  maffapiinst  a  charge,  and  had 

Ufa  Americans  only  followed  th^ni  up,  when  ttiey 


i|f- 


*r' 


% 


f 


IP 


***; 


f^^ifii 


N#l 


•'■    1#, 


'* 


.V'!t1 


t\ 


'¥ 


»/ 


I 


f 


% 


k,  ■*•-  ^ 


».   f 


i^ 


,*^ 


iA||telCT^s. 


wtM^  hi^  bedb  ittevitafafo;  * 

Agtibst  all  thU  it  may  be  t^pS,  ^tfd  noAHdg 
damps  &e  courage  of  an  eqdill^ttei^Mkpli  ycMt 
apporing  to  dea|liie1hem;  and  tlit  himffttMOtt 
depdids  upon  celerity  of  movement,  than  on  ^ 
4^u]0tion  of  chances.  Thetrotfiofb6fli'ptopo# 
tions  I  fuUy  SBow,  but  I  cannot  8^  dut  I  p6rceH4 
tbCir  wei^t  on  the  present  oc^ion.  Tohivi 
remained  quiet  all  nig^t,  for  the  puipdse  of 
i^tibkbg  at  day•^)reak  next  mornings'  tvistlld  un- 
questionably have  been  improper ;  bat  to  halt  for 
a  single  hour,  could  have  produced  no  fetal  delay, 
would  have  refreshed  the  men,  and -given  time 
for  stragglers  to  come  up,  and  might  hav6  beeii' 
probably  attended  by  the  discovery  of  the  fdrd.'' 
Yet,  after  all,  it  is  absurd  to  argue  against^  ^i; 
disixxiition  of  a  battle  which  has  beOi  galdfed.^ 
Success  justifies  the  measures  adopted  for  securing  i 
it ;  and  whether  those  of  General  Ross  were  the 
most  prudent  or  not,  that  diey  succeeded  was  be- 
yond all  question.  ■- 1 

Having  now  staled  what  I  thought  his  errors,  I 
must  be  permitted,  likewise,  to  state  his  excellen- 
cies. In  jte  choice  of  groufid%' halting,  in  the  order 
both  of  advancing  ai^ir^fla^pl;,  and  in  thenpdhy 
of  his  motions  as  so6rrm%&fpin  was  arranged,  he 
disfdayed  die  ddll  of  dn  able  leader*.  No  man 
d6Uii^))dssess  more  of  a  soldier's  eye  in  examinii^ 


V 


«u 


f    ' 


* 


:^- 


'# 


<^f' 


r^ 


, », 


V      ./"^H^:.  w. , 


•%> 


niai^jOB 


'^^ 


•— --^  the  <;il«i^ti^^ii^  I «. 

^  oyStalte^g'  ^^  5%  !^  '^^11^<^^>  that 
%il'^JP»  tb(j  %  pyeviouai|^  the  ^ttle,  we 
f(^  i^U^^t^  *  ^^^"S  }^y  ^^  thi  cn^my,  to  ^- 
cjjvewhojj,,  we  wheeled  of  fispn*  the  i^Mm  |P0> 
^iffeP^  ^  direction  of  Alexandria.  Thp  fa«|t 
^P^  pmnpletely: ;  for  this  party  was  i^  %t  A| 
advanced  guard  of  the  main  army.  Thinklt^that ' 
Alexanoriai  ajid  not  Washington,  was  thn^jpitdii^ 
the  American  general  abandoned  a  strong  ppsitiqii, 

'     l^^h  hf.faad  seized  on  the  main  road,  haniS8e4 

h|f  troops  by  a  needless  march  towards  that  tDw% 

?U|4  discovered  his  mistake,  only  time  enough  to 

opcupy  the  heights  of  Bladensburg  a  very  few 

Q^utes  before  we  came  in  sight. 

,:    With  j^espect  to  the  Americans,  criticism  nc*- 

Icessarily  degenerates  into   unqualified  censure. 

I  i'jcom  the  beginning  to  the  end  of  the  afiair,  they 

aQted  in  no  one  instance  like  prudent  or  sagacious 

men.    In  the  first  place,  they  ought  on  no  aGC9unt 

f  p  hav^  ri^ed  a  general  action  |p  an  open  country, 
however  strong*  and  steep ;  and  secondly,  they 
deserved  tp  suffer  mi^ch  more  than  thflKdid,  for 
p^m^ttmg  an  encm|rs  ^pr^  to  penetrate  beyond 
Kott^gham.  ,)n  a^^ih|^^'us  to  land  without 
opposition,  they  were^perhaps  giHlty  of  no  great 
<P|;  but^  sppnii^^  |i^j|^,  «*^^^ 


X 


^ 


■.^•« 


^ 


>>• 


.* 


-4*     ■  f 


t 

> 


t. 


*i 


#■■ 


I 


^ 


*,.-«' 


M. 


'■'^■it- 


*l: 


••> 


>> 


^ 


:^*^' 

^*i 


ZJi-m^'^'  BlHtDlCT'i. 


•**f*^ 


n 


fatted  trees  oit  each  sideV  and  prar^  ^m  aciigii^ 
die  road ;  dug  deep  ditctles  «t  'ojlaiiAjtqrvala ; 
in  short,  to  have  adopted  tlk  mqae  dLjraHare  to 
ivhich  their  own  nabits,  as  well  as  t)^  »atur^  of 
d^ir  country,  invited  diera. 

I(^  Aftterica,  every  inan  is  a  shot  from  hia^Jf^j^ 
hoodp  and  every  man  ^serves  in  the,  raU||i|»$ 
tt>  brmg  an  army  of  raw  niilitia-inen,  howevflr 

:oelient  they  might  be  as  shots,  ijpito  a.lair  fi^ 
against  regular  troops,  could  end  in  nodiiog;  but 
defeat     When  two  lines  oppose  each  other,  vefl" 
little  depends  upon  the  accuracy  with  which  indi- 
viduals take  aim.     It  is  then  that  the  habit  erf*  act- 
ing in  concert,  the  confidence  which  each  man 
feels  in  his  companions,  and  the  rapidity  and^good 
order  in  which  different  movements  can  be  exe|^t, 
cuted,  are  alone  of  real  service.    But  put  thesw 
faw  militia-men  into  thick- woods,  and  send  yoi|r  |> 
regular  troops  to  drive  them  out,  you  will  imn^e^ 
diately  lose  all  the  advantages  of  discipline,  and 
reduce  your  battlf  to  so  many  single  combais.  ^      --^ 

Here,  therefore,  lay  their  great  error ;  i^d  th^ 
left  all  J|^ar,  and  permitted  us  to  advan<te  as  fi» 
as  Nottingham,  then  IsrllPn'up  the  roads,  and  co- 
vered thetn  with  tre^^;  it^piild  have  beenli||x>s- 
«ble  fcnr  us  to  ^  a  step  beyond.  As  soon  as  this 
"^iraiifiKited,  they  mis^thave  skirmished  withes 


•v 


'f . 


«* 


•\  ^' 


-0^ 


n^, 


# 

'1* 

■J  i' 


».  V  »  ,e 


W 


¥k% 


\ 


/>■% 


VI 


m 


»>•, 


*% 


•4 


S 
I 


<i 


\ 


t.  Y 


.; 


t>* 


> 


sr*  9iNiDie7^||^^t 
in  &^W^  ke^^^ur  atteiitar#[s>idi 


157 
irtof 


thefir  tiooJ#v^e^e  re8t,acqittinteoii  th^  doubts 
leflA  w<^  with  «very  inch  of  the  country,  had  got 
"  "    ''^^"^S  and,  by  a  similar  mode  of  proceeding, 


into 

cut  olTourretKiit.  Thus  we  should  have  been  taken 
in  a  snare,  from  which  we  could  not  extricate  our- 
solvot,  and  should  have  been  obliged,  in  all  pitn 
fiilS^^,  to  suirender  i|.  discretion.  ^    ; 

'  t  But  this  obvious  and  natural  plan  of  defenc^^' 
ti|ey  chose  to  reject,  and  determined  to  trust^fl  to 
the  late  of  a  battle.  And  here,  again,  they  were 
guilty  of  a  monstrous  error,  in  not  occupying  the 
town  of  L.adensburg  with  part  of  their  forces/ 
liie  most  open  village,  if  resolutely  defended,  will 
cost  many  men  before  it  falls ;  whereas  Bladens- 
biirg,  being  composed  of  substantial  brick  houses, 
nught  have  been  maintained  for  hours  against  all 

^  ^ur  eflfortsi.    In  the  next  place,  they  displayed*' 
it  want  of  military  knowledge  in  the  disposition, 

|oi  both  iheir  infantry  and  artillery.    There  was 

not,  in  ^e  whole  space  of  their  line,  a  single  point 

•  %  where  an  enemy  lyould  be  exposed  to  a  cross  fire. 

The  troops  were  drawn  up  in  three  straight  lines, 

X  like  so  tiniany  regiments,  upon^a  gala  parad|^  while 
the  gtins  were,  used  a8^o|Becting  links  to  a  clu(in|^ 
being  liosled  in  the  sailie,  prddr,  by  ones  and  twos^. 
at  every  interval.         "*  '  ^ 

In  maintaining  themselves,  likewise,  v^fji  ft^ 
tacked,  thei^xhibited  neither  skill  nor  resolution. 


TV*' 


^^ 


% 


4' 


.V. 


:*^ 


«». 


f^W: 


■.t:*' 


■%>■ 


4^^<t^  ^  '^^'' 


M 


h- 


). 


\ 


m 


■>    ■#- 


•l 


r      :%' 


''^. 


4  . 


*»• 


.;.  ♦ 


iTi 


1" 


f^ 


■i^ 


bividict's 


Of  iKS  |Mno^l;tc^ge  of  |l4  Amer^ettis,  tfieie 
can  be  no  mbt ;  they  are,  ii^id|tfiUy  taken,  u 
brave  a  nation  as  any  in  the  work|f  ^  But' they  ate 
not  soldiers ;  they  have  not  the  experi^Mlbr  the* 
habits  of  soldiers.  It  was  the  heigj^df  folly, 
'((lerefore,  to  bring  them  into  a  situation  where  no- 
thing except  that  experience  and  those  habiti  up 
avail ;  and  it  is  on  this  aG|piint  that  I  repeat'Mit 
I  have  already  said,  tliat  the  capture  of  Washin)^- 
ton  was  more  owing  to  the  faults  of  the  Amtricans 
^^^mselves,  than  to  any  odier  cause. 


■H^. 


•■*/ 


/ 


f 


I 


I 


....    is  ■■ 


'■•''"'' 


r 


*, 


M 


M 


■..■^'*- 


r     V 


•\ 


MH- 


JH' 


'■J- 


h^- 


i$':   < 


■  t*-^ 


'^, 


'\  ■••;■*■■ 


W 


^4'^ 


\ 


P 


iS^ 


■,'■  i-  ■   If- 


^i 


■■Vj,- 


»;/,•% 


1/ 


■f 


^' 


^ 


U9 


LETTER  xn. 


m 


1' 


i 


* 


Whili  the  army  was  thus  actively  employed, 


*■ 


.■1 


*.  * 


PL, 


tj^  fleet  did  not  remaiiydle.  A  squadron  of  frigates, 
WHih  two  bomb  ships,  %nder  the  command  <)f^ap-,.^ 
tNO  Gordon,  of  the  Sea-horse,  penetrated  ^p  the 
Potomac,  and  appeared  before  Alexandria.  ,11i^'  v 
whole  of  the  militia  of  the  district  was  at  thirane  / 
called  away  for  the  defence  of  t  e  capital,  conse- 
quently no  place  could  be  less  prepared  tc  resist  i^a 
invader,  than  that  city.  A  party  accordiiigiy 
landed  from  the  ships  without  oppos^ion,  and 
havvig  destroyed  the  barracks,  public  works,  and 
l^all  the  cannon  which  they  found  on  shore,  they  ^ 
"  seized  a  number  of  schooners  and  other  small  craft,  ^ 
tiieii  lying  in  the  harbour,  and  loading  them  with 
flour  and  tobacco,  to  a  considerable  amount^  pre- 
jj^ed  to  rejoin  the  fleet  in  the  bay. 

But  by  this  time  the  country  was  alarmed ;  a  ^ 
detachment  was  sent  fro^  ^  the  main  army,  and 
being  joined  by  the  reseri^c  of  miiitia,  it  was  de- 
termiiied  to  intercept  lib  squadron  on  its  return,  ' 
With  tlus  vie)^,  seV^r&l  pieces  of  heavy  cannon 
w^re  mounted  upon  a  steep  part  of  the  bank, 
where  the  river>  in  making  an,  angle,  namoiljii  cpn-  '^^  ^ 


■/ 


■^.f 


9, 


m 


**, 


■■>. 


Ik 


4. 


■*■  *,- 


4   1   r 


1k\ 


.•>■ 


i 

1 


•!*  h 


M^-.'-'V:^: 


■; 


5^'v' 


■^ 


Mw 


i« 


•< 


ii 


W 


>" 


I' 


IS 


/      I.' 


* 


Sr. 


4 


large  L>dk;^«f!iimiitf7$>^n^  <Hgaii|; 

had  begun  to  wti^^^^mllli^'mn^iS^^  meif 
were  assemble<Jt*  prevent  tiiwrpi»si|||s|ii      • 
i:       Of  thi^  preparations  Captain  Gor^lfediil  nbt 
long  remain  ignorant ;  nor  was^iie  backward  >|llk 
niikking  ^'t^  best  arrangements  r  rt<siUe  tb  tlleet  ^|fi|| 
dangjer.    By  shifting  the  iallast  in  each  xMi^ 
, .  y  vessdiP  entirely  to  onpside,  he  caused  them  tal^^ 
^   i^fei  iiich  a  manner  as  that  their  artillery  couhi  b^ 


^m 

4k 

M^' 

.% 


4- 
t 


^^ 


f* 


t'4 


'*''  ^eni^ed  to  a  surprizing  degree,  and  l9ie  shot  rise 
even  to  the  summit  of  the  hill.  The  gufis  were 
.  then  stuffed,  rather  than  loaded,  with  grape  shof 
and  musket-balls ;  and  the  ships,  taking  Aeir  sttti 
tions  according  to  their  draft  of  water^  the  lightest 
keeping  nearest  to  the  enemy's  shore,  set  sail,  and, 
favoured  by  a  leading  breeze,  stood  leisurely  down 
the  river.  ''^ 

As  soon  as  they  arrived  within  tangible  .dis«^ 
tance,  a  brisk  cannonade  was  opened  upontthen^ 
from  the  heights,  and  the  whole  (^  the  infantry^ 
appeared  in  line  along  the  brow  of  theeminenciii  ||| 
Regardless  of  these  formidable  salutations,  the 
ships  continued  to  hold  their  course  widiout   j|i 
changing  their  order,  or  ||turning  a  shot,  till  thei^ 
reached  the  baae  ^f  ^e  njli  upon  wfaichi;1|||  in- 
fantry stood,  and  rec^ved  a  voll^  of  lii^slet^ 

^   into  their  decks.    Thm^  indedEl,  %ey  answered 
f  and,  witl^f^h^  effetit,  ^lait  at  the  first 


^t 


Mi 


-m 


^. 


»i  ♦ 


*'*<• 


'ift , 


f     #- 


if 


■# 


\ 


'^t4 


• 


'f 


"^ 

<* 


^.- 


•*; 


»»i 


Hfe* 


A'«/ 


'■%.'?'k 


w 


ys^t 


.•#' 


■* 


(phemj^  guns- 
difelt' mf^t^PlP)^  Till  Atoericaii^ 

ptfiSaadeic^^iS^ve^Tft^t  no  ship  could  point  her 
gnhs^jjii^tvachihetop  of  t^  hUl  ;^d  under 
thitlcMilfd  drawn  tip  theirlroops  %d^  the 
r]fig#  with  tife  iiiti^tion  of  overawing  the  iqut- 


■m 


II 


# 


h^rlixli^ay  of  their  numbers.    But  ill  fte    v     »  «^ 


,j»  ■<"' 


fthey  fbundthemielves  mistaken,  ibrsds^well         "*'  "^ 


.*'•  • 


6*  **  ■»^- 


f.        I 


.-^j^Ls 


had  Captiibt  Gordon  arrangedjinatters,  that  tidt  a 
sfc^e  shot  fell  under  its  m^ ;  and  the  ie^i^  ff^      V^  .  ^  r 
qiQince  Was,*  that  "propped  as  the  ships  wer^Sf    *  '  t^W-l^ 
the  occiisionj  afshower  of  balls  of  every  sizftaMd    *    >       ' 
l^jN^iptic^t  came   amongst  them,    such   as   ic 
Vl^  impossible  to  withstand.     A  single  broad- 
Mi^  was  stifficient  to  secure  the  safe  passage  of 
squadron ;  but  with  this  Captain  Gordon  was 
Contented.    Seeing  the  enemy  driven  firom 
leir  cannon,  he  immediately  landed  his  marines^ 
;ed  the  guns,  and  blew  up  the  expense  maga- 
:^es^  when^  havltlig  received  them  all  safely  on 
bc^ild  again,  he  continued  his  vo3ra|ie,  and  re-' 
gained  the 'Chesapeiike  without  farther  molesta- 
tion. 

NtiT  was  this  the  ^hly  operation  ini^ich  the 
navy  were  Employed,  -^ruising  about  in  every 
diredili,  th^  threatendd'thl;  whote  line  of  c6^. 
from  the  enti#ce  to  !he  viry  ben^  of  the  bay  f 
and  thus  kepl'tlld  America  in  a  consti^  jstete 


p.i 


.-* 


■  'i-' 


-*■■'  "it 


of  alarm.    Wl^enc^f  a"  IkMraiM  ^ 

•  ■#• 

0^'        %        \ 


^^ 


^'  -'"^^ 


<*  •> 


■.  JX 


^^ 


JI4 


fW 


1 


l^'^^. 


.%#■' 


fc.       tw 


C* 


tiff, 


ispAiSJi^.  .-. 


<»*«  « 


'  H;iyk$iSfDtiA.^ 


■•!* 


%^ 


.  <§•(■ 


^4 


t 


p»$^ted  itself;  j^ies  lan^,  pliS^cfisred  W  de- 

/  ^  sti^ed  the  g(^eTtttneinr  ilbi%Sv  Isii^  td\iriis  i^ 

4!^*     ^       districts  under  cbn^bU^  and^i^ght  oW  WL 

,*    /     *"/!        the  shipping  which  couldJBer«Sache(^^"fe^flwo^dj 

^^^  the  hosliHties  cstrried  oa**\a  the  Chesi^^k'e  re- 

'    ^  sembled  the  expeditions  of  the  andeint  Btiiils 

i^iaihst  Great  Britain,  radier  than  a  modern 

befWeen  civilized  nations.    But  these  hastjf'^ 

'*'^,.',**^    "^  cursions,  though  generally  successfii^  were  hot 

'iff-  •-♦>  always  performed '  without  4oss  to  the  invadirS. 

■t.-  .'  '-'wi-  '"  ^^^y  "*®"  ^^^  ^™®  officers'  were"  kiBed  aiM 

Y^-^'k-,.'',  '     '   wfltonded,  among  whom  was  Captain  Sir  PetiBt 

W    .Parker,  of  the  Menelaus  frigate,  ari  t)fficer  distlii- 

;  guished  for  his  gallantry  and  knowledge  of  navid 

tactics.   Having  learnt  that  an  encampment  of  3©@ 

men  and  six  pieces  of  cannon  had  been  formed^  Ip 

the  distance  of  a  few  miles  from  the  banksof  the  P0^, 

tomac,'and  about  nine  leagues  below  Alexandria, 

determined,  with  part  of  his  ship's  crew,  to  surprii 

it,  and  to  capture  the  guns.     Running  his  frigate 

with  this  vtew  up  the  river,  he  cast  anchor  opp«- 

,  site  to  the  place  where  the  American  forces  lay  ; 

and  leaving  on  board  only  a  sufficient  number  of 

sailors  to  manage  the  ship,^  and  to  guard  against 

J|  surprise,  with  the  rest,  amounting  to  ^00  seatnen 

and  marines,  he  landed^  and  marched  rapidly  to> 

wards  the  enemy's  camp.   'But  intelligence  of  his 

proceedings  had  already  reached  them ;  patroles 

ji^j»|;|)iO¥eri%^tk^^  t^e  cwist  for 


> 


Jt 


-fkr^: 


K 


■^m 


'*nf<A 


% 


%l 


*: .% 


•r 


..^' 


irt- 


•^/..r. 


'M^t 


* 


'''M 


1; 


%■ 


-r¥fl 


f      t 

^ 


:•♦ 


^ 


/ 


^ 


« 


Phen,  AeflBfoee^  ie  9niy<^  at  tfic  poimt  of  ijjti-    4^ 
iptigivl^J^^^^  blyipuack  deserted,  and  the 
"  ^ '  ,  full  retreat.    With  these  a  little  skirr 


<$si;sued»  and  he  received  a  rifle  |t|^  in  the  1^ 
NqI  suspecting  that  the  womid  was  dan- 
us,  h^MSontiniled  to  push  forward,  till  he  fell 


sted  from  loss  of  blood ;  when,  on  examm 
siur  the  hurt,  it  was  found  that  the  femoral  arteK?   f 
^ipfas  cut:  and  before  any  i»t)per  assistance  bokMl  f 
be  afibrdeil,  be  literally  bled  to  death.    Scttiflgf 
their  leader  killed,  and  the  enemy  retiring,  ap- 
parendy  firitil)  the  design  of  drawmg  them  away       .^ 
ftom  the  coast,  the  sailors  now  halted;  and  takio^  4    '  ' 
.«l)p^  their  dead  commander,  returned  to  the  river 
i^ithouf  ha^^g'  been  able  to  effect  any  thmg 
which  might,  in  any  degree,  console  them  for 
eir  loss. 

In  the  mean  time,  the  army  continued,  for  some 
T  (lays,  quietly  on  bc^d  the  ships  in  the  Patuxent. 
The^dHnded,  whose  cases  appeared  most  despe- 
rate, weris  removed  to  vessels  fitted  up  for  their 
recepdon,  and  saikd,  some  for  Halifax,  and  others 
li^  for  England.  The  di^tchesw«re  likewise  made 
out,  and  soit  olf  in  die  Iphigenia,  whilst  a  sort  of 
breaJi(i»g  time  was  ghrien  to  those  who  had  been 
lately  so  acdvdy  employ«4fr  WhSe  this  sabbath 
continued,  I^j|Buiaed  myself  by  landings  fnd, 
under  the  pretext  of  shooting^  st^oUed*  sonieiiiiies 


^ 


y> 


•.j|. 


'^"^ 


.* 


\^. 


%' 


.# 


■A. 


^ 


M-*- 


-I 


>■    '^^ 


.^i  \ 


,  • 


'!!■' 


i  * 


f*r>, 


'  ■% 


',(v 


*<- 


H'r*  ' 


„  -s^'  •  factlifir  lip  1|je  country  than  pnidenee  exactly  war^ 
Vjfi  i^tefi  The  houses  and  villas,  u})on  the  imiiii|l|- 
diate  banks  of  the  riveri  I  found  universally  df^^ 
seited,  and  i^oroughly  plwidered.  .^|^1(1||  corl^ 
^  jfr  however^  was  uninjured,  and^venllxijdi^^she^ 
w^re  seen  grazing  within  a  short  dis^t^ce  of  Ihie 
wa^t(*y,  i  r  jtected  only  by  negro  slaves.*^  .Of 
SKXie  were  taken  without  an  equivalent  being 
faithfully  paid,  as  if  diey  had  been  sold  in  tlie^ 
market  •  place  of  New  York  5  a  circumstanfie  wl^^ 
favoured  the  belief  that  the  houses  ha4  been  ran- 
sacked,  not  by  the  British  troops,  but  by  the  inha^ 
bitants  themselves.  Whether  it  was  really  so  or 
,~4  ».K«^  *  r  not  i  cannot  say :  but  this  I  know,  that  firqm  thft 
time  df  our  arrival  in  the  Chesapeake^  all  acts,  of 
individual  plunder  or  violence  wer^r  strictly  pro^ 
bibited^  and  severely  punished.  , 

But  this  appearance  of  ruin  and  desertfpn  ^ 
tended  not  more  than  a  mile  or  two  from  the  coas 
Beyond  that,  I  found  the  cottages  occupied  by  the|r 
owners,  and  every  thing  remaining  as  if  no  e\i«my 
were  within  a  hundred  miles.  The  young  men^ 
indeed,  were  generally  absent;  because  every  man 
fit  to  IxH^r  arms  was  now  $0rving  with  the  at  my  ; 
but  the  old  men  and  the  women  seemed  io  live  as 
;  CQfatfortably  as  if  the  iQost  pn^ound  peace  had 
reigned  throughout  ^e  State.  Nor  did  I  find 
ihem  altogether  so  hostile  to  our  ^^yterest  as  I  had 


\ 


W 


«i . 


:%., 


i 


*  '  ■;?»***# >ii 


M 


*- 


exited.    They  pKpfessed  to  kfs  Fe<|eraUists :  and 


■p 


■V»i. 


r 


4^ 


• 


4 


if 


;'■ 


.  "^ .  • 


*  - 


*# 


<-.3 


f.' 


■xiit' 


.^' 


# 


"'k-     * 


I, 


T4RB.«A^TI^A^T, 


iV      *«' 


.m     i- 


.'  \  I 


^1^ 


> 


-""  for  lb  «fb«!ti^no<igM^  #  ^ '   ^ 


tl 


U     y    % 


i^ 


■m 


% 


t6ia  greater  ^stance  from  the   ,,. 
\9^,yfsh^ents3Xtd  to  cb.    ]N^#ervant 
^ Ivitli^,  butMd  no  arms,  and  I  \vas  ar^^ 
qUJjjf^tl  #d9Uble-'barrelled  fowling  piece.    Haii4j 
afKB^i^  myself  with  looking  for  game,  ^to# 
%ated  iTeycNtid  my  former  land-marfc,  I  caitte 

1   *  ■f^^l^l^f^'^^^' «ismaU  hamlet^  occupying  a  pie#.. 
of  .i|f6ajr«4  Iptyi^         tlie  very  heart  of  a  ^hicfcv 
^    WQj^l.  wlJllcpi  tiiis,  to  confess  the  tnithVl  was  by 
||>  no  j^ean$  |btt%hted,  more  especially  as  I  perceive<^ 
tw^  st(pt  lodkii^g  men  sitting  at  the  door  of  one; 
\^      ot^^  cptti»ge^^   To  redre,  unobserved,  was,  how-  * 
'^  ^fC'  i^P<^^lc«;^cause  the  rustling  whieh  1  ha^* 
nide  amoxig  the  trees,  drew  their  attention,  and 
IP^y  saW'|(ie,  probably,  before  I  had  .seen  tl^i&m* 
^ICi^iving  that  their  eyes  were  fixed  upon  me,  I 
liined  to  put  a  bold  face  upon  the  matter;  ^ 
aloud,'  as  if  to  a  party  to  h^t,  I  ad- 
v^ced,  v^ith  my  servant,  towards  iheni.    They* 
^  were  dEe8Sf4:  in  .99%^'  jackets  and  trowsers,  and  f 
1  rose  on  my,  ajlproach,  taking  oft'  thiQir  hat^  with  .* 
ucK  givUJty,    On  joining  them,  I  demanded 
whether  they  were  not  E^lishmeti,  aiid  desert|p 
from  the  flei^t,  sljiting  that  l$»s  immg^  of  twip 
persons  vecy  ik^l^%n^«|ing,  their  49^9P^iQi^ 
ju       They  a^sureddSHe  jtb^  tl^X  >li£  ^kiH'^iap^^ 

Y 


'  *  «♦ 


« 


r 


A 


■"*' 


m 


'*^'M 


i 


>^1. 


^  lid 


^ 


..  :/^ 


% 


<*• 


"^^l-c 


V 


*jlf" 


«-  '    * 


.>^WI 


't- 


,,'%* 


V. 


"^■'1 


'*:i  • 


J^^ 


■A  %\ 


I* 


.V' 


k 


1  ^% 


•; 


V 


166  ' 


IHE  yATUXENT. 


^«t 

\^*:' 


<». 


i^: 


* 

^ 


%*f:^. 


f 


I?.;*  \ 


i|6'^;ertpris;  begg&ig  thftt  l^'Wotild  4>t  tal 
awtff  ;  a  request  to  which,  i^EWa^^  time,  >^k- 
sentted.    They  then  condacte<|  lii^  itit<)  the  hoili^ 
where  I  found  an  old  man,  and  three  nr^Kitifij  wbt) 
entertaiaed  me  with  bread,  chet:s*Si%  iW  t«fw  milk. 
♦While  I  was  sitting  here,  a  third  ^o^»+h,  in  ti^c 
clress  of  a  labourer,  entered,  and  whi^^ica  to|s«»4;; .  > 
'of  the  siailors,  who  immediately  roiiu  to  go  dw^^9ot   " 
I  commanded  him  to  sit  still,  declaring  thattl  priii, 
^not  satisfied,  and  should  certainiy  ii^il|fhilt«|ffj^  ^■ 
jittempted  to  escape.    The  man  gjjipp^vr   utkily ; 
*and  the  young  labourer  coming  foryiiiitd,  begged   ^ 
i^i  permission  to  examine  my  gun.    This  was  a  re-  J 
Vfluest  which  I  did  not  muCh  relish,  and  with  whith 
*^  I,  of  course,  refused  to  comply ;  telling  the  feUow 
■that  it  was  loaded,  and  that  I  was  unwilling  to 
I  trust  it  put  of  my  own  hi^nU,  on  account  of  a  wiftsJ^ 
:  nes8  in  one  of  the  locks. 
^     I  had  now  kept  up  appearances  as  long  as>th< 
could  be  kept  up,  and,  therefore,  rose  to  Withdraw 
•  a  measure  to  which  I  was  additionally  induced  by' 
^-  the  appearance  of  two  other  countrymen  at  the  ^•^£. 
posite  end  of  the  hamlet.     I,  therefijfe,  told  the  . 
.  sailors  that  if  they  would  pledge  themselves  to  re-^!^ 
'  main  quietly<  at  hom^  without  joining  the  Ame- 
rican army,M  would  no^  molest  &em;  warning 


m 


A  i< 


,*V,.«i 


^ 


them,  at  fhfsame  time,  not  to  tl^tui^  beyond  the 


village,  lest  they  should  fall  intoll^hsaids  of  other 


m 


Itv 


50  in  search  i(!i4esertars.  The 


•  'ti 


4.-  ■?'■' 


A 


^- 


■*lp- 


»    * 


•  #?" 


*-l 


4 


^i^ 


ir 


i 


■^: 


^' 


THK  FATUSiiSlTT. 


m  V 


wiienTrq^^^l^^piiig  my  e^^ 

fmf|;unTe»dy  cocked  in  my  |iand^  wtilRed  out, 
wc^aJife  my  servant.    They  conducted  us  to: .  *' 
ni'dpor^|iid  stood  staring  after  us  till  we  got  to 
djie  edge ^c^  the  Wood;  when  I  obserVi^  them 
tonprds  their  countrymen,  who  also  gazed 
i^i|s.,  without  either  advancing  or  flyii|g.  XiM^f. 
readily  believe,  that  as  soon  as  we  found  our- 
0elw^  concealed  by  the  trees,  we  lost  no  time  itl 
end^cvourtiiig  to  discover  the  dire(?t  way  ^towards 
fte  shippijq^i  but  plunging  into  the  thicket,  rai^ 
with  all  speed,  without  thinking  of  aught^excepk 
siil  immediate  escape  from  pursuit.     Whether  tlii^'' 
Americans  did  attempt  to  follow,  or  not,  I  cahnoH 
t^.    If  they  did,  they  took  a  wrong  direction,  for 
in  something  more  than  an  hour  I  found  myself  at 
6  edge  .frf  the  river,  a  little  way  above  die  ship-' 
ling,  andretuhied  safely  on  board,  fuU;^  resolved 
|i^t  JEigain  to  expose  myself  to  such  risks,  without 
necessity. 

In  this  miannerthe  time  was  spent,  till  day-break 

t  pD  die  6di,.of  September;  when  the  whole  fleet 

got  uttder  ^&y,  and  stood  towards  the  Chesapeake.  ^ 

The  wind  wius  fair,  and  we  spee,dily  clealed  the 

f    river  ;i3iut  insteaCof  standing  up  the  bay  as  we 

*  had  expected,  we  ran  doWn,a  few  ii^s  be|q,vir|he 

mouth  of  die  IMixent,  and  mere  anchored.    A 


*. 


%■ 


ir 


^^  .     *■ 


«f  ■'"*  <.,* 


•is 


>' '  F 


.  m     ■ 


f 


\*i 


i     1*1 


1 


m      4*  3 


*  -» *m  * 


i^. 


♦ii»-  ^  '■'  ^,- 


* 


.«,■.*.. 


'Vm*> 


"tdfii^k^^H^ij 


X*,'" 


».ti 


fi- 


Jl' 


»  ^ 


*\ 


m 


Tai$#^TA4FS&0. 


(^ 


jHims.  £v^  §faip^».cK  w  was  ai^otgc^ 


>{',• 


h^ 


■,i^ 


,r'  Midit  wu  feutid  that,  besides  tiM  oui 

sary  for  CoBveying  stores,  <»d  draggin^,gui^o||B 
-^^ousand  sailors  could  be  apar^  fiPMth^^ 
,  i.^^s,  in  spite  of  our  k>S6  at  Bladen^rg,  y^i^Vri 
enabled^  on  ournext  debarkation,  to  bring  ii 
Ibe  field  about  five  thousand  fight{ng!me%  j^.f»^  ^f <^ 
*      Nextmomiilg  we  again  weired,  Jti|ii|dJriBCti|d 
oiirco^e  towards  the  Potomac.  W#>t)teredtWl 
.  rlvei'  sdlin  after  mid^day ,  and  continued  tgt  stem-die 
stream  during  the  night,  and  till  dusk  iui  ^e  fid- 
l<Mving  day ;  when  we  again  brougtiit  up.     Hert 
we  were  joined  by  Admiral  Cockbum,  wkah^ 
^  ^^^C  ^^^^^'^  thp  anchorage  some  days  before  the'restt^^ 
■  '     the  fleet,  widi  a  large  flotilla  of  prises  *nd  s—-^*^ 
craft ;  and  having,  on  the  9th,  once' raoi^  Jet 
and  steered  for  a  few  hours  in  the  dire^idn 
Alexandria,  we  suddenly  put  abput,  and,  &vouiriil 
by  a  freaih  breeze,  ran  down  to  the  bay^  turning  bur 
heiikds  ufiwardl  towards  the  PaUipscOi  ^.J^ltin^fiK, 
^t  was  now  understood,  was  the  poi^l'  of  tittaek, 
and  fo^rds  thd^ri^er^  u^  wMch  v0iat  towiTls 
bttU^  We  hastened  ikd^ft  heswy^tess  bf  safl.*^ 
Th^^bjisct  of  thfe'tnanrtuvering  iv«|>e^dei!^ 


,..»^- 


i6  deceive  tile  enem^,  Httcl 

^^"^ 

'w^^ 

-* 

^-     > 

■  1* 

i* 


>. 


'*^.. 


^: 


»■ 


i\ 


V 


0 


«;  '     --' 

j^B^^iiipl^    Butin  tb» attainmotit of  qiMp|iU, 

.^iinmil^0^  were  liut  piirUil^BiiOp 

«ltiiM^''|^frjtain  it  is,  however,  that  t^  ^Imosl 

epttteynation  prevailed  in  every  townV  village 

|t»i  which  .we  made  our  appearance.*  <^^:|I| 

Annapolis,  a  considerable  town  built  i^juji 

^1^  jbt^  and  possessing  a  tolerable  harbptiTrWe 

^^|fi^|n^  clofie  as  to  discern  the  inhabitant|flyiii|f 

llMitheiri|^mses ;  carts  and  wagons  loaded.wim 

fi9nkure;|||inrying  along  the  roads,  and  horselinen 

galk^u^  aloi^  the  shore,  as  if  watching  %ftjpai||^ 

fill  moment  when  the  boats  should  be  hoisted  otw" 

and  the  troops  quit  the  vessels.  Wherever  a  Jighf- 

iKiiise  <^  signal  station  was  erected,  alarm-gims 

lirer^. fired,  ^d  beacons  lighted.     In  ^  word,  all 

^1^  horrors  of  doubt  and  apprehension  seemed  to 

e8»ll|Hfr<inhabitants  of  this  devoted  districtt 
i^lCl^  fair  Wind  continuing  to  blow  without,  in- 
Imbvption,  on  the  11th  we  came  in  sight  of  the 
piDJecl^g  head-land,  where  it  was  designed  to  dis- 
tmliMrl;.  the  troops.  This  was  a  promqunH^y  washed 
by  the  Pft<bq)scoon  one  side,  and  a  curvature  of 
^.j^y  jts«||f  oi^e  other.  It  was  determined  tp 
^4  h^>  rawRbrn'tii^asceQil  the  river,  because 
diji  B&^^|i|0i  t|t^br^d,i*farfrcih  %epe,:  It 
%.iii^fi|^u^i2)aliihaUow  to  as^t  a  line  of  battle 


« 


,-#  ' 


:«r 


■^. 


* 

m- 


A 


* 


N  » 


.==** 


C      -  "■■^tL*;-' 


fM_lEi  t'ili 


A-Li^ 


•r 


1 1# 


.■V 

i^  THB  FATAPSCO. 

ASpimidt^  no  one  ooiild  guew  wb9|f|  impedimenjts 
thfovin  in  the  way  to  obetrupK  tl^e  navi- 
ice  forbad  tfaf^  five  thousand  men 
8l^til|pe  eptrusted  to  the  convoy  of  j||u|  tm^i^ 
vessel*  alone.  Besides,  the  distance  £rpi|^^|MNint 
to  BaltiiA^  did  not  exceed  fourteen  or 
mjiles ;  a  space  which  might  easily  be 

But  while  the  land  forces  moved  in  this  dkri 
tion  upon  Baltimore,  it  was  resolved  th^it 
gates  and  bomb*ships  should  endeavour  to  |bir90 
their  wav  through  every  obstacle,  and"  to  obtain 
possession  of  the  navigation  of  the  river,  so  as,  tf 
possible,  to  co-operate  with  the  army,  by  booobard*. 
iog  the  place  from  the  water.  A  frigate  was  ac- 
cordingly dispatched  to  try  the  depth,  and  to  take 
sounding  of  the  channel,  while  the  remainder  of 
the  fleet  came  to  an  anchor  off  the  point  In 
mean  time  all  was  again  bustle  and  {xvpiration  on 
board  thie  troop-ships  and  transports.  Three  days 
pi^visions  were  cooked,  as  before,  and  given  tp  the 
men ;  and  as  we  were  now  to  carry  every  thing  t^ 
a  coup-de-numti  twenty  rounds  of  amniunifio^ 
were  added  to  the  sixty  with  which  soldiers  a^ 
usually  loaded;  and  a  smaller  ouant^  of  other 
baggage  was  directed  to  be  taken  on  shop«.  A 
blanket^  with  a  spare  shirt  and  pair  of^gm^,  ^ps 
(Considered  enough ibr  each  manm 


i' 


:#* 


.# 


>  * 


1>^ 


4 

••i. 


i 


f^ 


4' 


fn 


.\ 


r 


I., 


11t|9i|||^id  ^^l^&^  Wfittfttbiiiihesltfia  other  k^. 

1t^#^t 'd«^iibh  were  ^^^^^^^^^^ 

me  'Scr0i^  what  would  raWr  for 

thus  the  additional  load  of  twei^hbart- 

i^iails^^fts'more  than  counter-balanold  by  the 

cloidiing  and  necs'ssaries  left  behind. 

^  #  #li^sk  when  we  reached  the  anchorage, 

'idiisequently'nolandii  g  could  take  place  before 

e'inortbw.    But  as  the  boats  were  ordered  to 

in  readiness  at  dawn,  every  man  slept  in  his 

Clothes,  &t  he  might  be  prepared  to  start  at  a 

J       moment^s'fcaming.     There  was  something  in  this 

W     state  of  preparation  at  once  solemn  and  exditing;  < 

That%e  should  obtain  possession  of  a  place  so  ini- 

portant  as  Baltimore,  without  fighting,  was  not  to 

be  expected;  and,  therefore,  this  arming,  and  this 

v^  buside  seemed,  in  fact,  to  be  the  prelude  to  a  Ixit- 

^tle.    But  no  man,  of  the  smallest  reflection,  can 

p  look  forward  to  the  chance  of  a  sudden  and  violent 

S^  death,  without  experiencing  sensations  very  differ- 

|§    ent  from  those  which  he  experiences  under  any 

%    6ther  circumstances.     When  the  battle  has  fairly 

begun,  I  may  say  with  truth  that  the  feelings  of 

j^hose  engaged  are  delightful:  because  they  are,  in 

fact,  so  many  gamblers  playing  for  the  highest 

stake  diat  can  be  offered.    But  the  stir  and  noise* 

,  and  then  the  calmness  and  stillness 

inj^  these  are  the  things  which  force  a 


Jh 


t 


"'^•Ul'  ■-. 


■  .1^: 


f.T  ■ ,  ^ 


'-'If 

i 


■*ii' 


mihiils  are  said  somethm^toa^iliieiBild^^ 
j||i#frfMloi»  to  tfa^ir  execut^^ 
iiil  to|;ive  you  a^egree  of  false  Mibi^^fWr 
almOit  said  painful,  from  its  veiy  ^xdiail  It  Is 
agitation  of  the  nerves,  such  as  we  majr 
madmen  feel;  which  you  are  inclined  to  #iih  te^ 
moved,^though  you  are  unwilling  to  admit  diit  it 
is  disagreeable. 

;  And  jret,  as  if  in  mockery  of  tiese  dea^  pre- 
parations, I  do  not  recollect  to  ha^e  seen  a  moie 
heavenly  night  than  the  present.  The  heat  of  tlit 
day  was  past,  a  full  clear  moon  shone  bl^ii%^  in 
a  sky  where  not  a  cloud  could  be  discerned, 
a  heavy  dew  falling  appeared  to  refresh  the  eanh 

S0[k  had  been  parched  and  burnt  up  by  the  subi 
hiityat  this  time  within  two  miles  of  the  sh<xe» 
coni^iKqtiently  every  object  there  was  distinail)r 
visitiie.  Around  us  ^ere  moored  nume^us  shipa, 
whidi,  breaking  the  tide  as  it  flowed  gently  oil)' 
wtfds,  produced  a  ceaseless  murmur,  likethegml^ 

"iog  of  a  mouiitain  stream..  The  voicite  of  th^ 

.»        ■  .  .■*,  .     .  ■ .  ■  - 

Motinds,  too^  as  diey  relieved  one 
deeksf  and  Hm  occAskmal  splash  ol^ 


asoB'' 


«j:>-:*,>1i' 


**. 


"^ 


'^  ■*  w  f 


♦«, 


4      ■■* 


/ 


«;• 


THB  VATAFSCO. 


1^ 


•y 

\ 


t 


« 


tarsrbQat  «iw«d  ^ftckwards  and  fofwards  to  the 

KbiirB^salHp  for  ordm,  sounded  peouliirlf  miiBi* 

qpURtheperfpctstinnctaofa  calm  night    'Though 

r    I^ftr  from  givfaig  the  preference,  in  all  rtspeets, 

"    to  »  sailor's  life,  it  must,  nevertheless j  be  confessed 

'  that' it  has  in  it  many  moments  of  exquisite  de- 

HffxH  and  die  present  seemed  to  me  to  be  of  the 

iHnnbcr.         *  •*** 


I 


-5^ 


It 


'* 


:f.-.; 


4 


4h 


i' 


f- 


V 


-■ik' 


i 


if^- 


•ti' « 


H 


\ 
} 


"  t 


fl 


1' 


k4'>' 


', 


\ 


*/ 


■•*w 


mArcit. 


.pip 


LETTER  xm: 


•f* 


174 

■J.-, 

i    BuTthe  stillness  of  night  soon  passed  awayfand 
at  three  o'clock  in  the  morning  every  ship  in  tni?.*^ . 
fleet  began  to  lower  her  boats,  and  the  soldiers 
were  roused  from  their  slumbers.    The  same  pre- 
cautions which  had  been  formerly  used  to  cover     k 
the  landing,  were  again  adopted ;   several  gun- 
brigs  laying  themselves  within  cable's  length  of  the 
beach,  and  the  leading  boats  in  levery  division 
being  armed  with  carronades,  loaded  and  ready  for 
action.     But,  as  had  been  the  case  at  St.  Benedict'is, 
they  were  unnecessary;  for  the  troops  got  on  shorC 
without  opposition,  and  leisurely  fcnrmed  in  anopeif. 
field  close  to  the  river.  ^ 

It  was  seven  o'clock  before  the  whole  army  was  0 
disembarked,  and  in  order  for  marching.     The 
same  arrangements  which  had  been  made  on  the 
late  expedition,  were,  as  far  as  circumstances  would 
permit,  again  adopted  on  this.     The  light  brigade, 
now  commanded  by  Major  Jones,  of  the  41st  Regi-  A 
ment,  led  the  advance;  then  followed  the  artillery,  **!.' 
amounting  to  six  field  pieces,  and  two  howitzers, 
all  of  them  drawn  by  horses ;  next  came  the  se- 


Pii 


W 


I 


;  *A 


%- 


•,^ 


*?, 


5H 


I 


*-■   .j^?" 


♦% 


ly  was  ( 

f 

The 

on  the 

would 

igade, 

Regi- 

.;*    ■ 

tilleiy, 

itzers, 

he  se- 

t 


;i 


"I) 


'^ 


^v 


vy,;: 


*• 


'4 

t 


,»-... 


tiaiid  brigftjid,  tlieh  tHe  sailors,  and'  last  of>  alt  the 
thifd  brigade;    Fbmk  patroles,  and  recoanoitrin^ 
'    itt)rtie»  were' likewise  sent  out;  in  short,  &  same 
sv^j^lli^ble  disjjosidons  regulated'the  present  niarch, 
Which  had  governed  our  march  ta(  Washington. 
The  colunm  bemg  put  in  motion,  advanced, 
M^but  the  occurrence  of  any  incident  deserving;** 
ofnotice,  for  about  an  hour,  when  it  arrived  at  ar* 
;4^|lece  of  ground  which  appeared  as  if  it  had  been 
*^ately  in  possession  of  the  enemy.  It  was  a  iiarro^ 
neck  of  land,  confined  between  the  river  on  one 
side,  and  the  head  of  a  creek  on  the  other,  mea- 
k    suring,  perhaps,  a  mile  across.    From  the  river  to  , 
*     the  creek  a  breast- work  had  been  begun,  and  wa^ 
>    partiy  completed.    In  front  of  it  there  were  lines 
-    drawn  apparently  for  the  purpose  of  marking  out 
the  width  of  a  ditch  ;  in  some  places  the  ditch  * 
self  was  dug,  and  the  commencement  of  what  ^| 
ambled  an  enfilading  battery  in  the  centre^    j^ 
i  showed  that  a  considerable  degree  of  science  had  '   * 
11^  been  displayed  in  the  choice  of  this  spot  as  a  mili* 
tary  position.     And,  in  truth,  it  was  altogether 
such  a  position  as,  if  completed,  might  have  been 
i:  maintained  by  a  determined  force  against  very 
superior  numbers.    Both  flanks  were  completely 
*  iv  protected,  not  only  by  water,  but  by  thick  wood, 
while  a  gentle  eminence  in  the  very  middle  of  the 
line,  offered  the  most  desirable  situation  for  the 
projecting  battery  which  had  been  begun;  beci^ise 


n. 


N, 


4t 


'%^ 


Ks--' 


.V 


'^: 


''■■^ 


1  '1 


¥ 


* 


ii" 


¥  '•- 


«♦• 


M 


•15 


T 

' 

. 

,    -I» 

! 

^■•'    -4<, 

SI 

1                  * 

-  "       -^ 

V-V 


f 


fl 


MiillGi, 


,,«^' 
||^* 


a  i#e  from  k  would  have  swisp*  4he  ikhoie,  iMflii 
t^  the  ii|[ht  and  left  In  its  present  vtate,  how^ 
iver,  it  W*s  not  tenable,  imlegs  by  a  farc#ai^«Mt 
to  attack  as  to  dtsimd ;  consequeitflf  Ihc  Araeti- 
cans,  who  acted  solely  on  the  dafensivey  did  wisely 
In  choosing  another. 

But  die  aspect  of  the  ground  was  such  as  led  us 
,4o  conclude  that  the  enemy  coukl  not  be  very  dis^ 
tant.     The  troops  were  accordingly  halted,  that; 
the  rear  might  be  well  up,  and  the  men  fresh  and 
ready  for  action.     While  this  was  done,  part  of 
the  flank  patrole  came  in,  bringing  with  them  three 
light-horsemen  as  prisoners.     These  were  young 
gentlemen  belonging  to  a  corps  of  volunteers  fur- 
nished by  the  town  of  Baltimore,  who  had  been 
sent  out  to  watch  our  motions,  and  convey  intel- 
ligence to  the  American  general.    Being  but  little 
used  to  such  service,  they  had  suflfered  themselve*?^ 
lo  be  surprised  ;  and,  instead  of  reporting  to  theif 
own  leader  as  to  the  number  and  dispositions  of 
their  adversaries,  they  were  now  catechized  by  ^ 
General  Ross  respecting  the  strength  and  prepara- 
tions of  their  friends.  From  them  we  learned  that 
a  force  of  no  less  than  twenty  thousand  men  was 
embodied  for  the  defence  of  Baltimore ;  but  as  the 
vafccounts  of  prisoners  are  generally  over- rated,  we 
took  it  for  granted  that  they  made  this  report  oidy 
*  to.  intimidate. 
^iS^Ying  lasted  for  tb«  S|«©e  ^  m  homt,  we 

4     ,. 


^^    '* 


■* 


IV 


f 


y 


'i^a&f , 


« 


> 


*    * 


M, 


m 


MAACH. 


»77 


if^ala  i)6K»i»cl  iibi^ward,  but  had  not  proceed 
above  a  mile,  whw  a  sh^rp  fin  of  musketry  wm 
hflfK^in  &oat,  and  shortly  afterwarda  .a  moupted 
ofketof  came  f^Uoping  to  the  rear,  who  desired  us 
to  quicken  our  pace,  for  that  the  advanced  guard 
was  engaged.  At  this  intelligence,  the  ranks  were 
closed,  and  the  troops  advanced  at  a  brisk  rate,  and 
in  profound  Eolence.  The  firing  still  continued, 
though,  from  its  running  and  irregular  sound,  it 
promised  little  else  than  a  skirmish  ;  but  whether 
it  was  kept  up  by  detatched  parties  alone,  or  by 
the  out-posts  of  a  regular  army,  we  could  not  tell ; 
because,  from  the  quantity  of  wood  with  which 
this  country  abounds,  and  the  total  absence  of  all 
hills  or  eminences,  it  was  impossible  to  discern 
what  'was  going  on  at  the  distance  of  half  a  mile 
from  where  we  stood. 

We  were  now  drawing  near  the  scene  of 
action,  when  another  officer  came  at  full  speed 
tow!irds  us,  with  honor  and  dismay  in  his  counte- 
nance, and  calling  aloi  for  a  surgeon.  Every 
mMi  felt  within  hirnseh  that  all  was  not  right, 
ilKHigh  none  was  willing  to  believe  the  whispers 
€(f  his  own  terroi .  j&ut  what  at  first  we  would 
not  guess  at,  because  w*".  dreaded  it  so  much,  was 
soon  real'.zed ;  for  the  aid-<l«^-camp  had  scarcaly 
passed,  when  die  ^^meraKs  hurae,  without  its  rider, 
and  with  the  saddle  ^nd  ho«isings  stained  with 
ialood,  came  plunging  (wiwards.    Nor  was  nwAi 


.ft 


«*5 


^f 


J* 

4 


>4 


iii.  -1 


n 

f 


m^ 


f'{{ 


i 


V  ■  / 


:^ 


■s>..  * 


•> 


#■■ 


m 


r 


* 


,'« 


t* 


^' 


■'A 


178 


ATTiIlCK. 


tiRie  given  for  fearful  surmise^  as  to.4ite  intent  df 
our  misfortune.  In  a  few  mosnents  we  readied 
the  ground  where  the  skirmishing  had  ^:tafcen 
place,  and  beheld  poor  Ross  laid,  by  the  side^ef 
the  road,  under  a  canc^  of  blankets,  and  appa-* 
rently  in  tlie  agonies  of  death.  As  soon  as  the 
firing  began,  he  had  ridden  to  the  &cmt,  that  he 
might  ascertain  from  whence  it  originated,  and, 
mingling  with  the  skirmii^ers,.  was  shot  in  the 
side  by  a  rifleman.  The  wound  was  mortal :  he  feU 
into  the  arms  of  his  aid-de-camp,  and  lived  only 
long  enough  to  name  his  wife,  and  to  commend 
his  family  to  the  protection  of  his  country.  He 
was  removed  towards  the  fleet,  but  expired  b^tre 
his  bearers  could  reach  the  Lc»«^. 

It  is  impossible  to  conceive  the  effect  which 
this  melancholy  spectacle  produced  throughout 
the  army.  By  the  courteousness  and  condescen-  0'' 
sion  of  his  manners,  General  Ross  had  secured  the  I 
absolute  love  of  all  who  served  under  him^  from 
the  highest  to  the  lowest ;  and  his  success  (Mi  a 
former  occasion,  as  well  as  his  judicious  arrange- 
ments on  the  present,  had  ins{Mred  every  one  with 
the  most  perfect  confidence  in  his  abilities.  Hi« 
very  error ^  if  error  it  may  be  called,  in  so  young  l| 
leader — I  mean  that  diffidence  in  himself  which 
had  occasioned  some  lo&s  of  time  on  the  march  to 
Washington,  appeared  now  to  have  left  him.  His 
Biov^nsnts  were  at  once  rapid  and  cautkujs;  nay, 


% 


# 


,?8'^ 


4*' 


m 


^' 


r* 


e 


g/aSsr*^. 


» 


/». 


■%tTACX. 


m 


»>'.•>!■■' 


% 


I 


1^  vvrf  eoKUitibnance  indicated  a  fixed  detetlici- 
iiationj  and  a  perfect  security  of  siuccete.  AU 
eyes  were  turned  upon  him  as  we  passed^  and*  a 
sifWt  of  involUntuy  groan  ran  from  rank  to  ranky 
from  the  front  to  the  rear  of  the  column. 

By  the  fell  of  our  gallant  leader  the  colrtnmand 
now  devolve  upon  Colonel  Brook,  of  the  44th 
liegimentf  an  bJEcer  of  decided  personal  couraigf, 
but,  perhaps,  better  calculated  to  lead  a  battalion, 
thsm  to  guide  an  army.  Being  informed  of  his 
unexpected'  and  undesired  elevation,  he  came  to 
the  front,  and  under  him  we  continued  to  move 
sorro\vful,  indeed,  but  not  dejected.     The 


on 


"^' 


1  . 


At 


skii^ishing  had  now  ceased,  for  the  American 
riflemen  were  driven  in;  and  in  a  few  minutes  we 
found  ourselves  opposite  to  a  considerable  force, 
drawn  up  with  some  skill,  and  occupying  a  strong 
^^  position.    Judging  fromappearances,  I  should  say 
)  that  *the  corps  now  opposed  to  us  amounted  to 
six  or  seven  thousand  men.    They  covered  a  neck         " 
of  land,  very  much  resembling  that  which  we  had  ^.f  / 
passed;  having  both  flanks  defended  by  little      ,/ 
inland  lakes ;  the  whole  of  their  position  was  well 
wooded,  and  in  front  of  their  line  was  a  range  of 
high  palings,  similar  to  those  which  intersected 
the  field  of  Bladensburg.     About  the  centre,      ^ 
though  some  way  advanced,  was  a  farm-housa»  *'^* ; 
with  its  out-buildings  and  stack-yard ;  and*  near  to 
the  right,  ran  the  main  road.  Their  artillery,  wMch 


'4 
i 


*!^ 


'f 


mte 


Li 


\L,ii< 


# 


■s 


m 


# 


ii 


Mi 


ty*t~ 


„iim(iiiwipi!>-^,ygm\W»''> 


fifil'ffv* 


■fcJHi**sBi  -s^^ 


W» 


iv- 


'■■*'^* 


H 


l'.f 


I    )i^ 


,\'- 


^ ', 


/f' 


vv 


180 


ATTACK. 


couki  QQt  greatly  exceed  our  own,,  eit^  bweif^t 
of  metal,  or  number  of  guns,  was  scattered  along 
th^l^e  of  infantry  in  nearly  the  same<3rder  as  it 
h9d  been  at  Bladen^iuurg,  and  their  iss'?^^*  yrnt 
partly  seen,  and  partly  hid  by  a  thick  ^^ood.  \ 
The  whole  of  this  country  is  flat  and  unbroken* 
About  half  a  mile  in  rear  of  where  they  stiood,  ar^^ 
some  heights,  but  to  occupy  these  as  they  shouM 
be  occupied,  would  have  required  a  much  greater 
number  of  men  than  the  American  army  could 
muster.  Their  genera^  therefore,  exliibited  s(Mne 
judgment  in  his  choice  of  ground,  but,  perhaps, 
he  would  have  exhibited  more,  had  he  declin<;il  a 
pitched  battle  altogether.  Yet,  to  do  him  jus%ie, 
f  I  repeat  that  the  ground  was  well  chosen ;  for, 
besides  the  covering  of  wood  which  he  secured 
for  his  own  people,  he  took  care  to  leave  open 
fields  in  his  front ;  by  which  means  we  were  of 
necessity  exposed  to  a  galling  fire,  as  soon^as  we 
came  within  range.  Of  one  error,  however,  he  was 
guilty.  Either  he  did  not  possess  himself  of  the 
farm-house  at  all,  or  he  suffered  it  to  betaken  from 
him  with  very  little  resisiance  ;  for,  on  the  arrival 
of  the  column  at  the  ground  where  it  was  to  form, 
ii  was  in  the  occupation  of  our  advanced  guarjls. 
Kr-  was  likewise  to  blame  in  not  filling  the  wood 
upon  our  hfi  with  skirmishers.  In  short,  he  acted 
foolishly  in  merely  attempting  to  repel  attacks, 
wit|jout  ever  dreanping  thaf  dje  most  ^ff^tual 


••►.*. 


^ 


^ 


# 


IK 


<. 


* 


'4f 


•*s 


.t4x# 


mtMt^^Km^t^istitmtilht  (Hbles,  and  attac|' 

Af  our  tfbO^i  dfti^iijj,  ^hejr  iByi  off  to  the*^ 
ti0^1Mt,mi  attw  up,  jusrt  within  cannor^^' 
^  iflf  ^  ibUb^ing  6r^  The  li^  brigade, 
ccinii8tii%,  a&lliiiVe  formerly  stated,  of  the  ^5th 
it,  aiid  ^  light  companies  of  the  other 
s,  in  exteh^tid  order,  threatened  the  whole' 
firt^  of  the  American  army.  ^  The  2 1  st  remained'' 
in  column  upon  the  road ;  the  4th  moved  off  to 
iht  tight,  and  advanced  through  a  thicket  to  turn 
ihe  ehemy's  left ;  and  the  44th,  the  seamen  and 
•IS,  formed  line  in  rear  of  the  light  brigade, 
me  ihis  formation  was  going  on,  the  artil- 
lery being  brought  up,  opened  upon  the  American 
army,  and  a  smart  cannonade  ensued  on  both 
sidifis.  That  our  guns  were  well  served,  1  myself 
fn  bear  witness ;  for  I  saw  the  Shrapnel  shells  ^ 
iirkich  were  thrown  from  uiem  strike  among  tite 
sifemy,  and  make  fearful  gaps  in  the  line.  Oix 
rockets  likewise  began  to  play,  one  of  which,  fil- 
ing short,  lighted  upon  a  hay-stack  in  the  bam- 
'  yard  belonging  to  the  farm-house,  and  immedi- 
ately set  it  on  fire.  The  house  itself,  the  stables, 
bai'KS^  and  out-houses,  as  well  as  £^1  the  other 
stacks,  scon  caught  the  flames,  and  were  quickly 
in  a  state  of  ccxiflagration ;  and  the  smoke  and 
Uajze  which  thpy  emitted,  together  wJth  the  roar 

A  a. 


At 


^ 


■*■  > 


•>-. 
y^ 


"#' 


■r 

n 


1'  »     * 


# 


#    .• 
-t-.^ 


w 


5^ 


"v^^frnpnMMM 


I"  -     .  <<ii»il^  ^lJL>i^    .^ 


lA 

I- 4 

^.< 

1 

I 

f*' 


V 


■f. 


^^^^^^^^p 

"^"M^* 


s  .•   V  . 


ATtACk. 


.1» 


*. 


'!«' 


»•  ■♦• 


rf' 
■# 


» - 


j£  cannon  smd  flashts  of  th6  gudiy 
l^ether  a  very  fine*  effect. 


tn  tite  mean  time  the  Amerid^  artiUer^'  Was 
t  i^e.     Pushing  forward  two  Kg^t  fi^p|||^B   ^ 
uiK)n  the  road,  they  (!^bned  a  destruc^e  fii^^of 
.     grape  upon  the  21st  Regiment,  Jlnd  such'  of  Ihc 
f   jifoilors  as  occupied  that  point.    Three  other  g^ffs 
Were  directed  against  our  artillery,  betwei?n  wwrch 
and  several  of  our  pieces,  a  sort  of  duel  wlis  Tnili- 
tained ;  and  the  rest  played,  without  ceasing,  lijpoh 
the  85th,  and  the  light  companies,  who  had  ikin 
down  while  the  other  regiments  took  u|i  their 
ground.     Neither  was  their  in&ntry  altHHl^t 
quiet.     They  marched  several  strong  bbdjl9HRbni 
the  right  to  the  left,  and  withdrew  others  from  ;• 
the  left  to  the  right  of  their  Ime,  though  for  what 
end  this  marching  and  countermarching  was'iii|R- 
dertaken,  I  am  at  a  loss  to  ccHiceivc.     Whiter  IMI 
^     .|uctuating,  it  was  curious  to  ob8<^e  i^isk  (iRW 
of  every  spot  where  a  cannon-ball  had  a^ntj^. 
Having  seen  the  shots  fall,  I  kept  my  eye  ujion 
one  or  two  places,  and  perceived  tha|  G^i^egjpe><^ 
pany,  as  it  drew  near  to  those  points,  h^g  batfli; 
pid  then  assuming,  as  it  were,  a  ittoinentary  4^*, 
ifege,  rushed  past,  leaving  a  vacancy  belwe«ni  ii 
and  the  company  which  next  succeedecU      - 

^W  this  while  the  whole  oCour  infantrj^  c^oept    ■ 
tl*»  4t4i  RegtmentfUay  or  stopj^  it|.|iOSfio«s  «3cpe«- 


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tM^QjpljA  opdec  to  ^advance.  .I'lu^iiowever, 
iltt  90^^^  till  that  regiment  \M  ntfchlid  the 
thielBet -tfiiptigh  which4^  was  tomake  itj^  wi^^j 
,  Mi^Coipnel  Brool^,  with  his  Staffs  having  gd- 
Idj^  iMong  the  line  to  see  that  all  was  ready, 
cqnimanded  the  signal  t^  be  made.  The  charge 
liKa&accidrdingly  sounded,  and  echoed  back  fVom 
ef^  bugle  io  the  army,  when,  starting  from  the 
groun4  where  they  had  lain,  the  troops  moved  on 
ill;  a  c<y>l  and  orderly  manner.  A  dreadful  dis< 
cbarge  o^  g^pc  ^nd  canister  shot,  of  old  locks, 
pi^es  of  broken  muskets,  and  every  thing  which 
thev<.oouId  cram  into  their  guns,  was  now  sent 
foliH^um  the  whole  of  the  enemy's  artillery ;  and 
S^ome  loss  was  oaour  side  experienced.  Regard- 
less of  this,  our  men  went  on  without  either  quick- 
QOing  or  Retarding  their  pace,  till  they  came  within 
an  hundred  yards  6f  the  American  line.  As  yet 
!7ifM|  a  musket  had  been  fired,  or  a  word  spoken  - 
on  ^t^er  side,  but  the  enemy,  now  raising  a  shoutj 
fired  ar  volley  h'om  right  to  left,  and  then  kept  up 
a  rapid  and  ceasdess  discharge  oif  musketily.  Nor 
'  were  our  people  backward  in  replying  to  these 
saiutes ;  hr  giving  them  back  both  their  shout 
and  their  volley,  we  pushed  on  at  double  quick^tf 
with  the  intention  of  bringing  them  to  the  chargf: 
.  The  bayonet  b  a  weapon  peculiarly  British ; 
at>Ieast  it  is  a  weapdn,  which,  in  the  hands  of  a 
British  soldier,  is  irresistiblet.  Though  they  main- 


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tBiii0d^l])«n^«|ii«i  wilh  great  difUiiiMmt9fmi,mfi 
Hopd  to  rtceive  our  fire  till  scarcely  4w9ii$3F]ran|f 
divided  U8,  jOie  AiQiericaos  woiilclt  nft  hawHrAfa 
charge.  Ob  oitf  left,  itideed,  where  the  Sletpii- 
vanced  m  ooluinn,  it  w>>»iiat  without  imioh  dUi- 
Gulty  and  a  severe  loss,  that  any  attempt  ts  chai|{e 
could  be  made ;  for  in  that  quarter  seemed  to  be 
tfie  flower  of  the  enemy's  infantry,  as  well  as  lie 
main  body  of  their  artillery ;  towards  tl||»  rigit, 
however,  the  day  was  quickly  won.  Thtvsnly 
thing  to  be  regretted,  indeed,  was  that  the  sttaksk 
had  not  been  for  some  time  longer  deferred ;  be- 
cause the  Americans  were  broken  and  fled,  jilst  as 
the  4th  Regiment  began  to  show  itself  i9i|||^e 
brink  of  the  water  which  covered  dieir  flank ;  and 
befwe  a  shallow  part  could  be  discovered,  and  the 
troops  were  enabled  to  pass,. they  had  ti^me  to 
escape.  „ 

As  soon  as  their  left  gave  way,  the  whole  Ame-| 
rican  army  fell  into  confusion ;  nor  do  I  ncoUect 
on  any  occasion  to  have  witnessed  a  more  confilete 
rout  Infantry,  cavalry,  and  artillery,  were  htid- 
died  together,  without  the  smallest  regard  to  order 
or  regularity.  The  sole  subject  of  anxiety  seenied 
to  be  which  should  escape  first  from  the  field 
of  battle ;  insomuch,  that  numbers  were  actually 
'  trodden  down  by  their  countrymen  in  the  hiHry 
of  the  flight  Yet,  in  spite  of  the  short  dura^on 
of  the  action,  whiqh  Jasted  .little  more  than*  two 


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ioorftilNiMl  Hi  ftrst  c6mmencement,  the  enemy's 
tabs  Witf  severe.    They  stood,  m  some  respecto, 
better  tfuA  they  had  done  at  Bladhisburg,  c6fiie- 
jiuently  we  were  more  mingled  with  them  when 
ilMty  gave  way,  and  were  thus  enaUed  to  secure 
some  prisoners;  an  event,  which  their  more  imme- 
.diate  flight  had  on  the  other  occasion  prevented. 
%k  the  capture  of  «^s,  however,  we  were  not  so 
.  fertun>ite.    T         pieces  being  light,  and  well^ 
supplied  witi  they  contrived  to  carry  off 

all  except  tv  c^  which  would  have  also 

escaped,  but  for  the  shooting  of  the  leaders.  j> 

But,  considering  the  nature  of  the  ground  which 
llHpKcupied,  the  number  of  killed  and  Wounded 
in  the  American  army  was  enormous;  while  in 
durs  die  casualties  were  much  fewer  dian  might 
have  been  expected.  The  21st  and  seamen  suf- 
fered most  severely,  and  the  85th  and  light  com- 
panies, a  little ;  but  had  our  gallant  General  been 
splured,  we  should  have  {Mronounced  this  a  glorious, 
because  a  comparatively  bloodless  day.  In  the 
loss  of  *Aat  one  man,  however,  we  felt  ourselves 
more  deeply  wounded,  than  if  the  best  battalion 
in -&e  army  had  been  sacrificed. 

In  following  up  the  flying  enemy,  the  same  ob- 
stacles which  presented  tliemsel ves  at  j^adensburg, 
again  «ame  in  die  way.  The  thick  woods  quickly 
screened  the  fugitives ;  and  as  even  Ottr  mounted 
drivers  were  wanting,  their  llorses  Mvtng  been 


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b^liBdlMUjphiQaiiiier,  as  toseourea 
^  im  m  case  JKif  atitack ;  an4  the  )i^oimded|fa|iM| 
fQinov«d  iqto  two  or  three  houses  8(;iy^f|||^^ 
the  ground^  the  victors  lay  down  to^  sleept^uli^ 

/^>  the  canopy  br  heaven.  ^        j. 

^f^ijfibving  thus  given  a  .distinoV  and  Qg|mee^4 

•      detail  of  this  affii^*,  I  shall  beg  Imve  tp  finj 
letter  ^ith  me  or  two  anecdote^,  wl^ioh  m^ 
Ti0t  nnamusing.    It  is  said  ^t  whea^ 

.V  Cockburttf '  M^o  accontpenied  the  aemyMifndMitl' 
tendi^  |Dor  Boss  with  the  fidelity  of  ah  i^^ 
camp,  wItt  in  the  wood  where  the  ktter,  fi^  h^ 
obierved  an  American  rifle-man  taking  delijbini^ 
aim  af  him  from  behmd  a^  tree.  Instead!  of  tuti^* 
ing  aside/  dr  discharging  a  pistd  at  the  fttllbw,  tii 
anijrother  man  wouMhave  done,  the  brave  A%ilis| 
doubliifg  his  fist,  shook  it  at  Ins  enemy,^;ind[  Giliil^ 
aH^d^  "  O  you  dMl  Yankey^  I'll  ^viMfm^'  | 
upon  whidi^^e  man  dcopped  haa  mwdBet  int  <||. 
greatest  b!|^  and' took  to  his  heels.  , .,: 


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l^hiqh  rfm^idt^d  my  of  ^my  9^,  a^yeritu^ , 
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One  other  anecdote  of  a  different  &^t^re,,^d 
fpr  Hie  jfruth  pf  iyhlch  I  can  myself  answer,  jj^ay 

)3l|Ki^W^.»'^^%^^^*     In  strolling  oyer  ^%^% 
*pV,  Imme  unexpectedly  uppti^^  wo^ndCl' "  ' 

h^  l^y  among  some  bushes  wij^  %  1^ 

^£  J  drew  near  to  offer  him  assistance,  but       * 
Pll^eing  mp,  thi^  wrench  screamed  6^an^§^- 

xd  <io^t|ie  greatest  al^m ;  nor  was  it  witjijopt 

fe  (pfficijjt^^iat  I  could  p?^^ 

1!||ling  <p  fear.    At,  h^t,  being  convinced  li^J^ 

^^P^  ^e  |eHow  infoi;;|ijjBd,  5^ 

I^J^J^I^a^*  Wn^liS^^ss^  upon  Ae  m^^  of  tl^ju: 

^^the^  pflif:|rs,  t^^  ^p;n  th?  British  they 

W^}^^.  m^lk  an?l#at  Jt  w^s  CQnsCr 

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LETTER  XIV. 


l^ 


At  an  early  hour  on  the  13th,  the  troops  were 
roused  from  their  lairs,  and,  forming  upon  the 
ground,  waited  till  day-light  should  appear.  A 
heavy  rain  had  come  on  about  midnight,  and  now 
fell  with  so  much  violence,  that  some  precautions 
were  necessary,  in  ordef  to  prevent  the  firelocks 
from  being  rendered  useless  by  wet.  Such  of  the 
nMMB  were  fortunate  enough  to  possess  leathern 
cases,  wrapped  them  round  the  locks  of  their  mus- 
kets, while  the  rest  held  them  in  the  best  manner 
4iey  could,  under  their  elbows  ;^no  man  thinking 
of  h"mself,  but  only  how  he  could  best  keep  his 
tfms  iii  a  serviceable  condition. 

As  soon  as  the  first  glimmering  of  dawn  could 
be  <&cemed,  we  moved  to  the  road,  and  took  up 
our  wonted  order  of  march ;  but  before  we  pushed 
f(Hi(vatd,  the  troops  were  desired  to  lighten  them- 
selves spl  fitfther  by  throwing  off  their  blankets, 
which  were  to  be  left  under  a  slender  guard  till 
&eir  return.  Thu  was  accordingly  done ;  and 
being  now  unincumbered,  except  by  a  knapsack 
almost  empty,  every  man  felt  his  sjni^  heightened 
in  proportion  to  the  diminution  of  hisjood.  The 
M  Bb 


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IIABCH. 

grief  of  solftji^  is  seldom  of  lon^.  duration ;  ^d 
though  I  will  not  exactly  say  th|t  pqor  ^oss  was 
already  foi^gotten,  the  success  of  yesterday  had 
^^nciled  at  least  the  privates  to  the  guidance  of 
dieir  new  leader ;  nor  was  any  other  issue  antici-. 
pated,  than  what  would  have  attended  the  expur- 
sion,  had  he  still  been  it9  main-spring  and  direGlor. 

llie  country  through  which  we  passed,  resembled 
in  every  particular  that  already  desoribed.  Woodi 
and  cultivation  succeed^  each  other  at  intervalsy 
though  the  former  surpassed  the  latter  in  tenfold 
extoit ;  but  instead  of  deserted  villagesvandcmpty 
houses  which  had  met  us  on  the  way  to  Washings 
ton,  we  found  most  of  the  inhabitants  remfti|^ng 
peaceal^  in  their  homes,  and  rdylng  upon  die 
assurance  of  {xx^tection  givoi  to  them  m  our  pf9>: 
clamatiens.  Not  had  they  cause  to  repent  ci  1lia# 
confid^icie.  In  no  insttuice  were  they  intsuhec^ 
plundered,  •>or  ill-treated ;  wh«feas  every  hous* 
which  was  abandoned,  fell  a  pr^  to  ths  scouts  $f^ 
reconnoitring  parties. 

But  our  march  to-day  was  not  so  rapid  as  our 
motions  generally  were.  The  Americans  iiacl^ 
last  adf^ted  an  expedient  whioh^  if  canf|ifi  to  it» 
proper  lengt'i,  mig^t  have  entirely  stopped  oov 
piogness.  In  most  of  the  wooda  the^^  hadfelM 
trees,  and  ^lown  them  across  the.  voadi  bul  as 
these  abaltisjvere  witfiout  defendors^^^me  ^qie* 
rienced  no  ether  inconvenitBGe  than  w1ki||ukm» 


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firom  loss  wiaae ;  bekig  obliged  lb  taat  on  all 
sudi  occaiions,  tOl  the  pioneers  had  removed  the 
obstade.    So  great,  however,  was  even  this  hin- 
diance^  thai  we  did  not  come  in  sight  of  the  mi^n 
>ann7  of  the  Americans  till  eveiiihg«  although  the 
distance  travelled  could  not  exceed  ten  miles. 
'It  now  appeared,  that  the  corps  Which  we  Jiad 
beaten  yesterday,  was  only  a  detachment,  and  not 
a  Wge  onr,  from  the  force  colleOted  for  the  de- 
fence of  Baltimore ;  and  that  the  accoint  given 
bfr  the  volunteer  troopers,  was  in  eveiy  respect 
correct.    Upon  a  ridge  of  hills,  which  concealed 
the  town  itself  from  observation,  stood  the  grand 
"^aftti^,  consisting  of  twenty  thousand  men.    Ilot 
trusting  to  his  superiority  in  numbers,  their  general 
had  ^lere  entrenched  them  in  the  most  formidable 
ttnnner,  having  covered  the  whole  j^e  of  the 
heigfate;  with  breast-works,  thrown  bt^  Jiis  left, 
so  as  to  rest  it  upon  a  strong  fort,  erected  for  the 
I!rote(ption  of  the  river,  and  constructed  a  chain  of 
field  redoubts,  which  covered  his  right,  and  com- 
manded the  eirtkre  ascent.    Along  the  side  of  ^e 
Ml  #efe  lilie#ise  jl^kes,  and  other  projecting 
iFo^l^pm  which  a  cross  fire  might  be  kept  np; 
and  iHI  wete  mounted  thronghOut  tfiis-  ookii- 
idandii^  position  no  less  than  cie  hundred  pieces 

It  would  be  abGRtfd  to  suppose;  that  the  si^  of 
itions"  so  warlike,  did  not  ki  some  degree 


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cbmp  the  ardour  of  our  leaders ;  atltait  it  would 
have  been  madness  to  storm  sudi  works,  wkhout 
pausing  to  consider  how  it  might  best  be  at- 
tipipted.  The  whole  of  the  country  within  can- 
non-shot was  cleared  from  wood,  and  laid  out  in 
grass  and  com  fields ;  consequently  there  was  no 
cqdtt^'  to  shelter  an  attacking  army  from  any  part 
of  the  deadly  fire  which  would  be  immediately 
poured  upon  it  The  most  prudent  plany  thereo 
fore,  wai  to  wait  till  dark ;  and  then,  assisted  by 
the  frigates  and  bombs,  which  we  hoped  were^y 
this  time^  ready  to  go-operate«  to  try  the  fortune  of 
a  battle.  . 

Having  resolfed  thus  to  act.  Colonel  Brook 
halted  his  army ;  and  having  secured  it  against 
sunvise  b^  a  well-connected  line  of  piquets,  the 
troops  HfT^  permitted  to  light  fires,  and  to  cook 
the  prcy^uKns.  But  though  the  rain  sti^fell  in 
torrents,  no  shelter  could  be  obtained:  and  as  evea^^ 
their  blankets  were  no  longer  at  hand,  widi  j^cfa 
to  form  gipky-tents,  this  was  the  reverse  of  an 
agreeable  bivouac  to  the  whole  am^. 

Dai^ness  had  row  come  on>  and  as  y^  n||atel« 
ligence  had  arrived  from  the  shifting.  fKiuail 
this  position,  however,  without  the  aid  of^t  fleets 
was  deemed  ihipractica{ble ;  at  least  our  cbano&of 
success  would  be  greatly  diii|kBhed,  with^t  their 
co-operation.  As  the  left  of  -  me  Ameriean  army 
extended  to  a  fort,  Iplt  i;^  the  very  br|^^ 


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the  ilve^,  irJl' clear,  that,  could  the'  ships  fie 
brougil'to'bear  nipon  that  point,  Imd  the  fort  be 
sitehcil  by  thehr  fire,  that  flank  ^Of  the  position 
would  bi  turned.  This  once  eflfected^^there  woul# 
be  no  difficulty  in  puling  a  coluitin  within  their 
works  ;  and  is  soldiers  entrenchedf  alwa^^  place 
inore  reliance  upon  the  strength  of  theit'entrehotii- 
mehts  than  upon  their  own  personal  exertions,  the 
very  sight  of  our  people  on  a  level  with  them, 
wotild  In  all  probability  decidis  the  contestr^  At  all 
evetfit,  as  this  column  was  to  advance  under  cover 
of  itight,  it  might  easily^push  forward  and  crown 
die  hill  above  the  enemy,  before  any  effectual  op- 
poeitibii'coulB  be  offered ;  by  whfdi  means 
would  be  mclosed  between  two  fires,  and  lose%e 
ad^tage  which  their  present  elevated  situati'ql 
bestowed.  AU,  however,  depended  u^t^  the 
ability  d^die  fieet  to  lend  their  assistance,  for*^^ 
c^pthout  silencing  the  fort,  this  flank  could  scarcely 
be  assti||(id  widi  any  Jchance  of  succ^;  and, 
therefore,  th^  whole  plan  of  operations  must  Bfc 
changed.     ■    #;"'  '  ^^  ^J^' 

to  wkt^lpPr,  wiHoui  kiribwing  whe^er  he  was  \. 
to  be  suj^poiHbld,  Colonel  Bro^  determ&d,  if 
Vom^;W<^  a  commi&i^ai<i^%idi  the  leetf "" 
Thl^theil^  could|#be  far  olC  we  knew ;  but 
how  to  get  tb  it  withou^Xalling  in^lth  waning 
|»rti^if  tfcfe  enemy,  #as  the  dtecd^    The 


p^ 


''*. 


# 


K 


# 


# 


it' 


■0. 


I* 


# 


^ 


-\ 


^t* 


r«'   F  /H 


i 


1 


(" »'  < 


.-i' 


C  I 


1     1 

1 

1 

L  ifl 

1  |i   ] 

!^ 

1 

!# 

J 

»'* 

■^ 


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4l 


«4»f 


||4  ^^    IJNiAIlCH.  ^  /♦ 

tlih%  -however,  inuK  be  donef^jbd  a9  se«r6c)r, 
ind  not  force,  was  the  main  objiKt,  it  was  i^olvod 
to  dispatch  for  Hie  fNtrpose  a  single  officer  without 

^  escort  On  thfe  service,  a  particular^end  of 
mine  chanced  to  be  empbyed.  Mounting  hk 
horse,  he  proceeded  to  the  light  of  the  army^  . 
^ivl^e,  having  debyed  a  few  minutes  tUl  the  moon 
rising  gave  light  enough  throt^h  vlie  clouds  to 
distinguish  objects,  he  pushed  forward  at  a  Vin*  * 
ture,  id'as  straight  a  line  as  he  could  guess  tkU  -  ■  It 
was  not  long  before  his  progress  was  stopplih[>y»a 
high  hedge.  Like  knigj^rrants  of  old,  he  then 
gave  himself  up  to  the  guidance  of  his  horse,  which 

^king  him  l^iwards  the  rew,  soon^brought  him 
int||  a  narrow  lane,  that  appeared  to  wind  in  the 
direction  of  the  enemy's  fort :  this  lane  he  dcitep> 

^^inlne^il^foUoWy  and  holdmg  a  Oocked  jHstol  in 
his  haol$>  pushed  on>  not  perhaps  en^|ee]y  ootp-  < 
fortable,  but  desirous  at  aU  hazards  of  exectiiH|* 
his  cominission.  He  had  not  ridden  far,^|||^n  the 
sound  of  voices  through  the  sjdashing  of  die  rain 
'llrew  his  attention.  Pulling  up,«^e  listened  in  si- 
lent, and  sOon  discovered  that  thiey  d||||  ;ftDm 
two  Amerielin  soldiers,  whether  stn^Mjm  * 

tinels,'it  wtks  ipipeisible  to  divinet$^^u  whoever 
they  were,  Ib^  se^sifid  to  be  s^proMfeii|^^  ]^ 
now  struck  him,  that  luftl|||t  qourairipoiild^'to 
con^i^ce  the  attack,  an^navingthepfeibre  waited 
tiUfl  spr  themjstop  sheet,  as  if  they^had 


I 


*» 


■f^ 


'f  ■ " 


•I 


■  i  ^.■L^-W' 


#'        ^ 


•.At 


■'^, 


-•* 


Mb 


tamed  dM  fled,  biiigal- 

hij^liipttd  a  )intd;^Biid?llib  lilaiidy  thrai# 
,  |k£(r^hii  file,  and  jiiUdedhiikiBelfpH^ 
the  other,  dashinginto  a  Ihicket,  eidl^,  probably 
lo  tell  that  he  had  beai»'iilacked%  a  whole  rag^ 
mmt  of  British  cavalry.    Having  thus  tikaitk  ' 
;'  fliiner,  my  friend  resolved  to  aiake  him  oC  some 
UB%|  with  dtfs  view^he  oommandid  hinRoky 
■^JHHifrtUs  thigh,  and  to  guide  him  directly  to  the 
'^rivcr,  threatening,  if  btii^ttempted  to  mislead  or 
ta.  betray  him  into  the  hinds  of  tli^  Americans, 
tfaiUiewoid|^tai%  blow  out  hlllnuns.  ^M-^ 
lag  himaelf  completely  in  my  friend's  power,  %e 
feibw  could  not:refusfs  to  obey ;  and  aocoidin|^i^ 
Ihe  man  resting  his  hand  upon  the  left  thi|||0f  th^ 
i^^  diteer,  4||p«ocettdeda]ongthelane£orsS&time, 
ey  came  to  a  part  where  it  branched  off  in 
o  diMBtions.  i»  My  friend  here  stopped  for  a  mo- 
ment, al^  again  repeated  his  threat,  swearing  that 
the  HMimt  hoBUttected  his  guiding,  should  be  theP^ 
listi|^ri|life,  3ha  i^dier  assured  him  thlHie'^ 
^i^ottld  k||JH  ttoreover  informed  him 

^t  soMW  q|r  slnpa  were  almdlt  withip  gun- 
ahol  .£$1im..Sm%  a  piece  (^.ffliarttiaikm  which  was 
quickly  <}0ipi^^  offiring,  and  the 

app<a^nife<g|aiieft8in^air.  They  now  sgpck 
^tlM^jk^t,  and  iq.  half  an  hour  gained  di  £rlnk 


*.. 


# 


1^ 


%f 


m 


*  * 


iM 


1; 


0 


4   • 


f 


J?^ 


•» 


•■^ 


4 


* 


0 


j^' 


'/ 


4      V 


'<* 


f 


I 


■W' 


F- 


5 


^. 


^    '■■§* 


♦ 


¥ 


.w 


^»*» 


I 


tttd^WAR. 


t 

t 


Um 


'.V 


^1 


,    of. tnl  river ;  ivheriiiny  ftiewl  roiptta 

landed  from  thf  squadron,  and  preparfiig;^  uttk 
their  way  towiMl||be  ounp.  By  then  be  w«a 
liMiducted  II  mm^fOn^  fton#  whom  he  ku^  | 
that  no  effectual  mt^m  oo^  be  given  to  '^  . 
bold  force :  lAr  such  wae  the  ibaUonmess  of  the^ 
liircr,  that  none  except  Ae  Vely  lignteii  craft  could 
mabe  their  way  within  six  miles  cf  the  town  \  ipd 
even  these  were  stopped  by  vessels  sunk  in4i 
chanirar,  and  dther  artificial  IBars,  baldly  wii||i  a 
shell's  longest  range  of  die  fort.  With  tW^ 
welcome  news  he  was  eloordingly  forced  to  Re- 
turn ;  and  takbig  his  unwilUiijg  guide  along  with 
^binG^  he  madellis  way,  witbolit  any||9venture,1o 
dur  advanced  posts ;  where,  having  thanked  the 
g ,  fellow  for  his  fidelity,  he  rewarded  it  more  eifec^ 
'  tuallji^vi  setting  him  at  liber^. 

Havni^  brought  his  report  to  hea* 
council  di  war  was  instandy  summcmed  to 
berate  i^on  what  was  best  to  be  dene,  ^ithout 
^e  heip  of  the  fleet,  it  was  evident,  WL  adopt 
what  plan  of  attack  we  could,  ipr  Ibss  iftust  be 
sudi  as  to  counterbalance  even  8i|pd|pNiielf; 
while  success,  under  eH^stingcircuMKpe,  was, 
to  say  the  least  of  it,  doubtful.  4indWen  if  we 
should  succeed,  whet  wotdd  be  gained  byit^  We 
could  not  remove  %ny  t^l^  fhpm  Baltimore,  for 
wai^lsf  proper  conveyai^f^.  Had  itflmiips  been 
4  able  tolfeach  the  town,  then,  indeed,  the  <||uitity 


*  A-" 


« 


*'%f 


IS' 


1^. 


•*, 


I'  t 


'i> 


.-^ife 


;*?* 


,,,,«KV' 


f  Wl^l 


.>#r^^ 


P7^»^,  1 1  i  I  Will  iipf|iii  .* 


( I 


T 


**•/ 


■o 


Hi  dear  I  %hiwea8^if  w^liilid^itwus  h|Plr ,         ^j^l^ 


>#irii9i^,|||^i|.4ho  p^  %tt  dis 

>||||||ljMll>|oaiwMd  destryctioft,^  I 

\j^war  to  difci^  that|||ljiea  ^  attiming 
eneii^t  %e9^4liflM  Todr|w  # 

t^kdjdittfmiMCUiflr 


^, 


•#' 


(I*  • 


d  require  manoeuvring, 
s  timeiflHi  delay,8  j^^ 


id  could 


isibly 


IIP  U^..£v|;qr  hour  brought  m  reinforoei 
to  their  army»  wlifr^9a  9urs  lyi^  no  -  ^ttl^  J^ 

to  i^cruit  its  losses ;  ijH|^.waiB, 

'^demed  prudent,  since  we.-||pu!d'  nol 

'gmilfcppce>  jtQwlose  no  time  in  retitminir  to  the 


c  «a 


jjft^  inidn%ht,  the  troo|| 
^^  ^uppn  the  raadi  an^Algan 

'^  *^ '  finem^|(P|ifoU05^  The  ram, 

%iJfMiWN^'^yi^^  shooe 

»«H  bri|i||iilj^#iar.  |p<i  marched  aloiM||there- « 

ipirits  as  j^  ye. MP  been 


■C  c^. 


^ 


N    * 


4m» 


:}»'-  *\ 


Ue 


0 


) 

• 

* 

i  w- 


t- 


I 


T  -^ 

•■?^:* ." 

•V^'^  ^^ 

,« 

J 

4^ 

:^i^  ♦ 

. 

i; 

,    .1 

•^^;'*i»^'- 

■  ^3t 

^    lb 

"HB' 

>''  '  ^KL^'< 

,  #il 

^m 

Ik 

iWfe 

^- 

■»     T 

■^ 

^^^hL* 

*   ,^  t>'?f^ 

4 

.     :fii 

Mm 

iiMBjil  iE<iMl 

i«*«M 

'f 


itt 


*'* 


.?  " 

■  >-     ■ 

1 

*■-  ■' 

1 

our  qtreoglh. 


■  n|* 


and  WA^ffipt  qn  in  %  i)Qi|| 

where  ifae 'Ibattle  4ip  t^ 

t,  w«,4ieheUI  th^  ^ad  scattered  ^Ixni^ 
and  still  ilnbufied  ijM  so|ar  ^erent  frop  tlNj^p^rl^' 
whioh^jj^d  S9^  at  Pladeiraillrg,  ihaf^i^ey  yi^   J^ 
not  slfippel)  eM|r>  man  lying  as  ^  ^(W|4|l(te^ J^^ 

ink  jne  as  cunous.   ^JhL-  il 


1»  One  object,,  however, 


me  a%  cuppas.   J^-^ 


ii 


^pp    ^^       -  ~ 


9 
r 


'X> 


w 


•"•i- 


saw  several  men  hang^  lifeless  tn^^^gj^ 

'^<^  <^^  '^ttl»»^^  learoylmt 
,  who'^mee,  during  thiixHittl<||' 
aejar^  in  these  elevated  flituatieiiii,,,|ar  |i;||^CQ|p^ 
fcmeq  punMesof  securing  a  good  aim»  atld  avcud-         • 

ingdaMP  Whatever  might  b^e  tfaeic  :gj|gess>4iiL;  vJ? 
Ilic  fiist  of  these  designs,  inthe Jast  tlil|paU<| 

lot  our  n^  soon  discovered  iht^^^RdtHi 

mg  the|Rmg  as  unfair,  jrefused  to  gi 

^pRTter,  and  shA  them  on  4ieir  pf|dbf^.;i|^g,^ 

.  J^|pwe  paused  for  ^ll^^'  ^Uifl^||!C 

'  ^  ^    »l<Sien  might  colieet  tlfir  \3^\i^Mt^ESk 

k     ▼    themsdvesi  jKlfn^MTII  ^in  ipivi?djforl|p,  pafiSr 

ing  the  wood  wherojl^e.|;9llant  .Roi#  y^  ^il^l^ 

It  ,w«is  noo%  ai*^  a&  3ret.f}^||l,gon^  mm0^^ 

»withoi^any  check  or  alarii^^o  Utit^q^ii||iKl  ^1§s 

.purs^Hpimt  «olf  th£|t  the  (i^olji^  he«n  to 


'> 


4 


M'^ 


:\y'^% 


1^-^^* 


\$t ' 


^. 


■  %'\^' 
* 


*^m^^,' 


^  jl^'ftar,  «ld  Hfinkdiitely 
V^^«ii»#hsir(}.    ft  an  ifistaiiil|»  iRMi  iie^  *"^ 
Wjiace^  and  Afc  r^ttnetitB  Wliieelod4iita,Mne  fitGrng 
V%>wafds  di«  feiiihy.    ^he  artillo^  tom^d  round 
\  ^fitlA  adviliieil  to  ^d^  ifont>  A  did  i  ever  a||  a 
~,  tiuAioeuvrelnbiie  coolly  or  more  stendifyperflgimfd 
iliii  a  parade  ki  England,  than  this  tally.    The 
ilwrm,  hoivever,  tftmed  out  to  be  grou^ess,  be-. 
l|ll|pM.ca8ioned  only  by  the  siidden  ^yptfairance  of 
s^  %#ituifcon  of  horse^iiliich  had  been  sent  out  by* 
iSto  MlsedBnem  general  to  track  our  steps.    These 
'^mb^m^'p  charge  the  rea^|fuard,  andi  sue^ 
"^in^ making  two  prisoners;  but  »/sl||gie 
checked  their  further  advanee,  and  s^nt 
fjneHL  back  at  full  speed  to  boast  of  thc^rave  e3B- 
»    >|i|«t^uch^y  had  performed.         ^ 
f   j|^  Se^g  that  no  attack  was  seriously  intended 
^      f  tlie  Many  bf€ke  oince  mtxe  into  the  Ime^of  matdi, 
^4     ^'{Miproceeded  to  a  favourable  pieqti^if  ground^ 
>4iear1il& micfmpleted*  positKMi  which  I  have^ 
$  where  we  pasaedthe  nigl||under 
made  with  blankets  and  ram-rods.    No 
alurniiiSeuini^^  nor  any  cause  if  delay  afipearing, 
ftlday-'ilieak^ipe  again  gbt^underacms,  and  pushed 
t^^'Qii  towaMb  die  #|^ing,  which,  in  two  hours, 
.-^dre<KsAfguishabIe|£      "  w  • 

r  ;^r  infimtry  now  halted  upon  a  nante#lieck  of 


■«v«- 


■9 


H^m 


l:-^. 


f^- 


^ 


-  '  %■  ■ 


-•■.^^^>   VV 


i 


■I 


*'* 


F-A  'l*a(  ^ 

Ppi 

IM' 

L». 

im 

Ic^ 

^Jr-' 

m 

■.o^H 

R 

11 

■«■ 


.K 


^If. 


i'*^ 


.'♦'v 


/ 


,f: 


#* 

;/ 


PI' 


^artiU^ry  wa|; 
ah^  G0|i>i;eiyed  oil  board  iheflM^^^sooii^tl||^ 
vwi^dpnc^briga^^  after  brigade  fdl  |w?k-to«^r 
;i||^er's  edgfi,  aii4 lew^Mfked,  tUl  fliAaUy  all, exGept^ 
.^^  light,treq;)Sy  were^j^t off.  ^hes^bebg  leih^ 
toqov^jthe  embarkation,  ^cn'm^%epi5ie^i9i(iTQS^ 
th^entirp^^ce  Which  but  a  little  beftMn  contained^ 
ifaS^Mrhole  army ;  but  asv  no  attempt  was^  ijoadj^  $0 ; 
.'molest thepi,  they  h%d  only  the  honour  of  «beiiigi»«, 
the  lastH  quit  the  sh6re.         *  W 

^aviyng  ventured  to  give  my  opinion  cin|||iNB||t 
skill  and  military  knowledge  displayed  on  ibpji^'/ 
sides,  during  the  late  expedition,  it  may,  pMlwiKiii 
ba. expected  thi^l^  should  do  the  saitie|^.4pP^^ 
se«t  occasion.    The  fact  is-,  however,  thatliii^  la 
here  but  little  room  for  criticism ;  an4  <3M^INIiil? 
WQuld  bo^^lmost  a  recapitulation  of  what  has  be^ 
already  safe.     On  the  part  of  the  BMtish  jttD[e|id«  ^ 
I  am  not  aware  of  a  single  error  that ^anbojli 
noticed.  Poor  Ross,  indeed,  tttfew.himsdfAwa^  % 
jby  exposing  hi^  person  unnecessarily  in  a  trfflihg* 
skirmish ;  but  who  will  blame  a  soldier  £biHN»x^efi» 
of  coupge,  or  a  leader  for  excess  of  h»^||||b*$? 
Like  other  able  men,  he  was  iinwilling  jtff*^  ^ 
the  report  of  his^subf^tepis,  whei^it  wailln  his  n 
power  tQ,.,ascertain  what  •  he  sought  fo. Imowd^^ 
personal  observf^tioii  i  and«  ^Igother  Ulye  mmr 
he  would  not  be  deterred  from  prosoftitiiig  hl^ 
design  t^  the  appfohensim  of  danger.  <»j{ijthe< 


« 

\4 


t" 


A: 


■•'< 


%^ 


■*» 


m 


.iA;:::. 


H 


niicJifttet^  Ibit^  by  ii»  at- 

tempt ib^ifeind  ^e^iver^  hd  chose  to  laJid^  #lie^ 
Ii#  was  l^eaiit  likely  to  theet  td^  imniecllatfr  oppo^*^ 
afHbnf ;  tlhd  iiu^h  ^as  ^i^^cetetiQr  tif  his  nkotions, 
iSi&  hii'he  liv^df  the  chancel  are  that  we  ^tdd 
hAvefiilight  tWobattliss  in  one  day.  Butof  wlgK 
«k  yih  titiglkt'have  d6ne/I  have  nothiiig  to  say ; 
let^inenrther  do  Justice  to  his  successor  and  Wa 
Ji^visers.  Of  these  latter,  tiiere  is  one  v^m  it 
jVrbfiil  br'irtip^  menticm  bynami0-^I 

mean  DtiUtenant  Evans,  Deputy  Assistant  Quar- 
><^eral.  The  whole  arrangement  of 
in  Gtder  of  battle  wa#conimitted  to 
biii  f^iiEd'^  thi  judicious  method  in  which  diey 
ilirii^  drawn  up,  proved  that  he  was  not  un- 
worttiy  <ii>the  thist.  With  respect  to  ^  det^- 
tniMrtiMtipf  the  oouncil  of  war,  I  cho^  to  be 
IBent;  G^flain  it  is  that  the  number  of  our  forces 
'wiovld  Jiamfiy  auAorize  any  desperate  attempt; 
and  if  govemment  regret  the  issue  of  the  expiedi- 
tiQnifi#h^|tnbfy  conceive  that  the  fault  is,  in  a 
^great  ii^a^ate^  their  own,  in  sending  out  a  force 
aoin(ida|(tt[^ble.,  -'X^n  such  subjects,  however,  I 
do  aot  ^Hw'to  dweH  $  ihl^ugh  every  onie  must  be 
sensible  &at  K),00&  men  might  have  accomplish- 
ed what  5y000  Goul^iik  venture  to  atttem^. 

^  the  part  of  the  Americans,  agaiui  nearly  the 
slme^^blunderB  were  committed^which  marked 


.v  % 


ifA 


#r 


■^t  -"f-' 


V 


,i 


•if 


51 


'\ 


4 


^ 


kit 


» > 


-/ 


'U^. 

:^^' 


^^Ev* 

r  triti' 

• 

/ 

fKy' 

H 

i 

/*''  ^^K        ^B*< 

[ 

,'W 


.•«.• 


i^ 


'/  *■ 


^'- 


-^ 


■pj^** 


igs  itiflPing^ilie,iMMPIlBii  to  WMpi- 
ii^^;  though  wm^frnm^^iiS^ 
^k^ki  tbe  dkrtnlmtMm  i^P  iieir  feftet  al^ 

^Mir  priiid|Ml  positioii.  At  Bladenibiiri^  iinlgjjid* 
there  were  tto  works  ^  but  th^  tro6p6%tor6  bM^y 
%inu)ged ;  here  there  were  not  (xdv  foitiittltililiH 
'IP  fortifications  constructed  in  a  scienii^'lHitf- 
prnTj  and  troops  drawn  up  in^  siick^oider,'<tt  ttitt, 

'  fltvofi  without  their  works,  many  cross  finostwIilM  ;^ 
havl^  |h)tected  their  front;  Bot  tkef  negPsMiM 
Bumegrous  fevouiabie  opportunities  of  ltiMiiil| 
bodi  our  advance  andrMlreat  Theylsifed  tf«^\ 
but  left  no  guards  to  keep  them  iiwm4l|i4igfi^ 
nii6¥ed,.and  toiA  no  advantage  of  the  ddil|||iiila^ 
their  removal  created.  They  risked  abiili^Mllil 
pavt  of  their  array,  when  diere  was  no'^itoiili^ 
for  it  $  JB  a  word,,  they  committed  all  tiMsO  HMMtt 
whkh  men  generally  commit  who  iatiM|s^Miin| 
and  yet  love  war.  -      •* 


1 


4^-^^f^i^f*^ 


m 


^«jl; 


,«' 


•y 


■*» 


'?*; 


*.t 


!• 
^ 


H^ 


LEtTfife  XY. 


V  '  if 


...    '    ■!# 

•  ''4' 


JUA^iviii&MtmcmsTectwt&tktmt^WSbi^ 


f> 


^MtilMiS^iAmined  quietlr  at  anchor  tniHie  im;- 
^Mlivn^'^MMfiesiiyhourj  wesetsaH  and  8teddt(>W«hM 
■ttpi-iPatUKent.  In  this  voyage  we  passed  dose  td 
%m^  idMj'tiaiird  aganr  threw  the  inhabitahiTs  of 
I  afaum  by  approaching  almost  inriftift 
their  town;  but  at  nellher  plactf^^#tfi^ 
lliMMitlittemptedj  and  on  the  19th  we  «rtii4d, 
iMfeMM  liij  Adventope,  at  our  former  anch6raige 
inlfeifiver.  V  Heiia  we  brought  u]^,  {ynj^pdrt^ 
w«rd^iMi|.G«i^ihore  to  dig  wells  in  Ui6  sand,  tt$ 
Wllch  die  iitts  fesorted  in  great  nurtiberftfdir 
viUmttf  ""■  Cattle  and  sheep  were  likewise  purchased 
from^^IlM  natives  I  some  of  the  flour  which  had 
tott  ^]^^if«d,  libs  converted  inio  biscilit,  and 
c»c!l}^|i^|)l||^^  to  b^  nuking  for  a  long 

To  &tffitate1iiWQp6ratioQs,:^e  fleet  now 
igpliiiidl  part  twnw  mStpm  pioceifid- 

itt^mAie  Mtiam  Miconiie  to  the  Potomac ; 
while  Sir  ^icMdsr  €och^ne,  in  die  Tomunt, 
with,  seveilil  IHij^iMea  and  fun^brigs,  ^uitted^us 


#^ 


•4'  •^■5  ■ 


^^ 


■i,# . 


,1 


j\\ 


m 


■w 


y^ 


*.^-       IN^' 


t1* 


I"»?.s1 


« 


'*' 


■"-^''t 


% 


H 


■ 


m 


«.•*. 


^^A 


m 


TKV  FibVUXBllT. 


'*,*•'' 


Haliftx.  f  Btit^our  siliiatiQii  waa  by  ndy^milyi 
aigtiMablo.  lliecliiiiBteofthivi;)irtof^AlBterii^i|) 
%t  certuli  Maidntt,  for  ftoritieaHlqr;  and|he^|(lp^^ 
Mtnce  dfd]rseiite(3rlhrou(^  the  amaBMitt,  pvmiod 
tiMit'^  utiherithy  season  had  afareadjr.  conuBMiced. 
Ijfeillier  did  there  appear  to  be  i^Qj^pnptpeetviBf 
Ihr^d^  <eiii|^yment.  No  one  talked  of  a  luliMie. 
^<bterpiiset  tioF  was  the  slightest  rumour^iicutolBil 
iallP'the  next  point  of  attack.  The  dea^  flf  Qp^  ^ 
n^  RoSs,  in  short,  seemed  to  haye  disofganiTld 
the  whole  plan  of  proceedings,  and^liivt^'^c^t^nMi 
army  rested  idle,  like  a  watch  widionl!^ 
spring. 

While  things  were  in  this  state^-" 
banks  of  die  rivers  continued  in  our 
and  the  interiw  was  left  unmolested  to '^Jljiie-\r 
ricans,  a  rash  confidence  sprung  up  Iti  the  fliincb 
of  all,  insomuch  that  parties  of  f^iastim  woilld' 
frequently' land  without  arttlS^  %i|d  spdnd  Miy 
hours  on  shcMne.    On  one  of  these  dccasiiii%«e- 
verai  officers  fit>m  the  85tfa '  Rbgimeiit  ^agvaed 
to  pass  8^  day  tbgether  at  afann-hptil^^jillbttt 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  stream ;  ||nl  ts^^apg 
widi  diem  ten  'sddiers>  lAUUrmed,  to « row  «^ 
boit,  a  few  sailors,  and  %  yoning  midshiyiBliiy 
not  more '  thin  twdve  yem  fM  age,  they  pm* 
ceeded  to  piit  their  #btermki|itiaa  into  ^nictitfi. 
Leaving  the  men  imder  the  eonuMfid  of  their 


<rl' 


■.•"*! 


■'^ 


«^" 


V*?. 

'.?!> 


A   ■»   ■Z 


fy 


^*W«l»F^ 


'l^- 


immm^ 

■ 

''■•'WJv«|»Ml^ 

1 

1 

wiJt,  pvowd 

H 

:QiinBiiMf<i 

I 

prospectilpf 

1 

of  ftfoHMie; 

1 

wm&akmA 

9 

tea^QfOp. 

1 

lisofganbl^ 

iv 

iv^^^eettaofi 

ri 

mfOisMMijii  ' 

« 

1li^ 


»f!tf 


.* 


youthful  piibitr  to  Ukt  eare  cf  r  Ae  bo«%r  tie 
ef|o«f8  #ent  on  |o  t|ie  hoUBe^  but  htd  not  befn 
there  aboi«  an:  hour,  mAien  tfi^y  were  alarmed  by 
a  shout  which  sounded  aa  if  k  came  lirom  the 
river.  Looking  out,  they  beheld  their  party  stir- 
munded  by  seventy  or  eighty  mounted  riflemen  ( 
the  boat  dragged  upon  the  beach,  and  set  on  fire. 
Giving  themselves  up  for  lost,  they  continued  for 
an  instant,  in  a  sort  of  stupor ;  but  die  mast^  df 
the  house,  to  whom  some  kindness  had  been 
shownbyovir  people,  proved  himself  grateful,  and, 
letting  them  out  by  a  back  door,  directed  them  to 
hide  diemselves  in  the  wood,  while  he  should  en* 
4i«M|tt;to  turn  their  pursuers  on  a  wrong  scent. 
As^^  had  nothing  to  trust  to  except  the  honour 
^  this  American,  it  cannot  be  supposed  that  diey 
fail  imumh  at  ease ;  but  seeing  no  better  course 
before  diem,  they  resigned  themselves  tQ  his  guid*- 
anee,  and  fitoig^g  mto  the  thicket,  concealed 
themselvesaaw^  as  they  could  among  the  under- 
wood,  la  dMrrinean  time  the  American  soldiers 
having  securedftU  that  were  left  behind,  exce^ 
the  yowiif^  midsbipman,  who  Afa^  ^P  ^^^  wood  in 
spite  of -^  fire^  divided  into  two  bodies,  one  of 
which  ai^oached  the  house^  while  the  other  tsllf' 
deavoured  to  overtake  the  lir^ve  boy.  ft  s'd 
dianc$)d  that  die  party;  in  pursuit  passed  close  .to 
die  officers  in^vCOBeeahni{it»  but  by  the  gr^test 
good  fortune  did  not  obseo^^  l^em.  Tliey  suc- 
i  D  d    . 


■^y 


*r 


^n 


**  A;.. 


'V  I. 

J'  h 


^L 


i 

I 


1*^ 


% 


r 


i4.- 


'«■» 


f 


^(» 


•%# 


•^' 


(U* 


*-. 


ceedod,  however,  in  catching  »  gUmpae^  of.  the 
D^idshipinan,.  just  as  he  had  g^ned  the  wt^tei's 
e^ge,  and  was  pushing  off  a  light  canoe  whiph 
he  had  loosened  from  the  stump  of  a  tree*    Th^ 
barbarians  Immediately  gave  chace,  firmg  at^the 
brave  lad,  and  calling  out  to  surrender  i  bu%  ^ 
gallant  youth  paid  no  attention  either  to<th^ 
voic^or  their  bullets.  Launching  his  liltle  bark, 
he  put  to  sea  with  a  single  paddle,  and,  ii^^dleai 
of  the  showers. of  balls  which  fell  aboHthilp,  re- 
turned alone  and  unhurt  to  the  ship. 
,    While  one  party  was  thus  employed,  the  other 
blistened  to  the  house  in  full  expectation  Qf  c|ip 
turing  the  officers.    But  their  host  kept  |||i>^!Oprjd 
with  great  fidelity,  and  havingdirected  his  co^Kitry- 
men  towards  another  farm-house  at  some  distance 
from  hi^  own,  and  in  an  opposite,  quarter  from 
where  hi^^ests  lay,  he  waited  till  they  were  out 
of  sight,  and  then  joined  his  new.ftiei^ls  in  dieir 
concealment.    Bringing  with  hi^  sli^  proviaioiis 
as  he  could  muster,  he  advised  t^ieib  to  keep  quiet 
till  dark,  when  their  pursuers  having  departed,  he 
conducted  them  to^theriver,  supplied  th^qii^ith  a 
Hirge  canoe,  and  sent  them  off  in  perfec^iisafe^^ 
die  fleet 

Q|)  reaching  their  ship,  they  foijnd  the  85th  Re- 
giment, under.  arm$,apd  preparing  toJandj  for  t^e 
purpose  of  either  rcleaung  their,  coinrad^  fro ni 
captivity,  or  infliqtitig  e^<^l|i^7  pun^hincnt  uppi^ 


;!t 


'mt 


,-#:• 


'#•** 


■•*;>■ 


♦.Jf  .,*■..     it 


•'*4i 


inpw^  of.  the 
I  the  wfitef^f 
canoe  whiph 
a  tree.  The 
firing  attthe 
ler;  l)uVthe 

tber  totheii 
is  lirtle  bark, 
dfffgardless 
lOut  hioi,  re- 

ed,  the  other 

itioQ  of  Clip 

ept  ||>w«3H)d 
his  co^Kttiy- 
>ine  distance 
quarter  firom 
»ey  vere  out 
pds  in  their 
^provisions 
;o  keep  quiet 
departed,^  he 
themi^itha 
ecl^safetyto 

heSi^Je- 
tandifortfae 


'"V?W3 


E^... 


■## 


t*ff^ 


r    -• 


'fitr¥oT6^M. 


m 


suffer^  But  When  the  pai'tic 
of  his  behaviour  were  irefatefl^'  ^e  lattb^  alterna- 
tive Was  ^  once  abanddned  f  and  it  Was  detemiined 
to 'folce  a  dismissal  of  tfie  captiyes/by  advandmg 
uj^  the  country,  and  laying  waste  every  thing  With 
fire  and  sWord.  Hie  whole  of  the  light  bri|;ade 
was  accbrdlngly  carried  on  shore,  and  hamd  on 
the  heAdn,  whilst  a  ihessenger  ilas  sent  forward  to 
demand  back  the  prisoners.  Such,  howeVer,  was 
the  effect  of  his  threatening,  that  the  demand  Was 
at  bncei^mplied  witbf  and  they  returned  on  board 
wS^<iiB)|iiving  committed  any  ravages,  or  ^arc!^  v 


■**! 

*■ 


ii 


4t 


em 


two  miles  from  the  boats. 


b  this  trifling  debarkation,  another  little 
excursionvwas  made  by  the  second  and  third  bri- 
gaoes,  the  light  troopi  being  left  mostiiiRccount- 
ably  on  board.  Hearing  that  an  encam|)ment  was 
foiled  a  few  miles  from  the  left  bank  of  the  Po- 
tomisic.  Colonel  Brook  determined,  if  possible,  to 
come  u|>  With  iand  engage  the  force  there  stationt 
ed.  With  this  view,  two  britifades  were  landed 
on  tne  night  of  the  4th  of  October,  and  ^^ushed 
forward  at  a  brisk  pace,  but  the  enemy  being  cm 
the  alert,  had  timely  notice  of  the  movement,  ahf 
reared ;  by  whibh  means  our  people  retufhei]  q| 
the  5th,  without  effecting  ^y  thingl 

By  thfs  time  the  whole^eet  wis  once  more  col- 
lected tc^gethier)  and  crowded  thtf  Potiiiac^lth 


.** 


4!t 


■^[^' 


'M 


■m 


I-      *" 


^. 


11.  v  •  »'  >w 


,4^ 


r-  (i-i 


^T 


*ft 


r 


J 

t^ 

p 

1 

I 

■1 

1' 

t! 

I 

' 

Kr'' 

1 

w 


i1»r 


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1 

: 

^'^" 
f 

1 

If- 

1 

WS' 

HHI 

c 

» 

.    »    • 

■I 

is ; 

a; 

.? 

i^ 

fll 

1 

_     0 

111  .'' 

* 

mM'* 

« 

-^ 

^^^KkSl^Liii  ' 

;^i^U(Ch: 

/^>u<«itkMe 

>• 


.,'4 


JAIfKflL  mvEK. 


t|>tirlcMk«  T)ieJ>i»demh0UjigaaQldtUpartddi 
'  bid  Miler,  it  was  determined  to  remove  ioMD  ^f 
t|^  ti<«ppi  which  she  h»d  formerly  carried,  to  ftU 
heii  with  American  prisoners,  and  to  scfidher.ti 
IJpgland^  The  Menelaua  yrta  likewise  dispatched 
with  such  officers  and  soldiers  as  required  the  Im^ 
ne^t  of  their  native  air,  to  complete  lH^  cure  of 
their  pounds ;  and  th^  rest  gifting  undffr  weigh 
on  the  6th,  stood  directly  .tpwards  the  mouth  of 
the  Chesapeake.  When  we  reached  the  Ji^mce 
River,  we  anchored,  and  were  joined  by  an  Amevi- 
can  schooner  bearing  a  flag  of  truce.  Shi^ll^iight 
with  hisr  Colonel  Thornton,  Lieutenant-C^otoRcl 
Wopd,  and  the  rest  of  the  officers  and  ll|l|(i.;WlK> 
had  been  left  behind  at  Bladensburg,  aij^d^lkising 
under  the  guidance  of  Commodore  Barney,'  tha^ 
genitleman^  was  enabled  to  (^harge  his  trust  «vei| 
to  the  verjr  letter.  '       ,  •  , 

It  niay  readily  be  supposed  that  the  meeting  be> 
tween  friends  thus  restored  to  each  oth^«  was  very 
agreeable.  .  But  there  was  another  source  of  com- 
fort which  this  arrivivl  communicated,  of  greater 
importance  than  the^  pleasure,  besj^ed  upiM;i^di- 
viduals.  In  Colonel  Thornton  we  felt  ti^iat  we  h^f^ 
.recovered  a  dafihing.and  enterprising  officer ;  qp^ 
a&  Wje]l  calculated  to  lead  a  cprps^of  light  tfiofijps, 
and  to  guide  the  advance  of  an,^rmy,  §^  aayM  iH;^ 
service.    Pn  the,whi||^,  thqreforp^  tbeAmerica% 


r.Mfas^ 


■J^% 


■\m.:  ^ 


»#' 


^ 

<% 


A*,- 


*■■ 


'^%S  - 


V' 


Jt\ 


K 


s 


THE  GSIIANAKI. 


fftt  iw»#*«vMiAMwHliwhilbitteiii«ilfrfi«M 

r  ^|%e  vromdcd  b«i»g  now  lait  off^  tnd  CoIomI 
Woo^  M^PBg  tht  number^  the  rtmaiader  of  .the 
fleet  again  aet  aatl,  and  reached  the  mouth  of  die 
bay  without  intemipCion.  Here  they  were  met 
by  a  1ngat^«nd  two  brigs,  which  spoke  to  the  Ad- 
mini,  and  apparently  communicated  aome  impor- 
tant intelligence ;  for  we  immediately  put  about, 
ai^  stood  once  more  iit>  the  Chesapeake^  Tho 
wind»  however,  blew  with  great  violence,  and  d^ 
redHy  against  us.  After  beating  about,  therefore, 
for  «09|ie4hnQ,  without  gaining  any  ground^  we 
tmnec^lfUr  heads  towards  the  ocean,  and,  flying 
between  die  Capes  with  amazing  velocity^  stood 
out  to  sea;  directing  our  course  towards  the 
&S.E. ;  and  proceedii^  at  the  rate  of  seven  miles 
an-hour  onder  bare  poles.  The  sea  ran'  tremen- 
dously.higK  and  the  sky  was  dark  and  dreary ; 
in6bmucb4hat  bf  a  landsman  the  gale  might  safely 
be  aQCounteda  storm*  Under  these  circumstances, 
tbe^p  roUing«a9  if  she  would  dip  her  top-mast  in 
'  the  traicr^  and  ^  waves  breaking  in  at  the  back 
wkid6wa  «f,^.diec;abin,  nodiing  remamed  to  be 
dld^  but  to  go  to  bedr  'tidier  viMt  of  us,  ae-, 
eofdiiiglyaijepairedi  and»  holding  ourselves  in  our 

aittii^  hf  watching^^  dve^^  a|^^  atoola, 

IMoh  *f^<  ami  lilHyjJiiihir  ai  ihay  luHid  - 


V 


fv  , 


■% 


S^    * 


t 


»^- 


•'•■•V»t- 

sift 


^■' 


m 


4T  IIA. 


imjiBitKlljr  frtmi  one  side  <f  the  dfaUMf  t6  the 
other.  Biat  the  effects  of  flie  gale  werrtlol^  ifi 
«^eiy  ftspect,  hidicrous.  Two  miall  schobivets 
which  had  been  captnted  at  Alexandrii*ltnd  odlT- 
verted  into  tending  foundered,  and  went  doi^ ; 
whho^t  an  oppibltunity  being  aflbrded  of  ttivlilg 
an  individual  of  their  crews.  ^ 

At  \dig!h  the  win4l)egan  to  moderate,  arid  on 
the  18th  diere  was  a  dead  aihn.  In  point  of  coth- 
fort,  however,  I  cannot  say  that  much  changQ|||i9 
experienced,  for,  though  the  gale  had  ceased^  We 
swell  still  continued ;  and  the  motion  produvre^ty^ 
a  heiivy  sea  after  a  storm,  is  actuaUy  moiTi  disk- 
greeable  than  that  occasioned  by  the  Itomlti^. 
But  on  this  day  the  minds  of  all  Dlrere  setf^t^efti^, 
as  to  the  place  whither  we  were  goingj  a  telegraith 
sigjhal  being  made  to  stei|r  for  Jamaica.  It  was 
likewise  understood  that  we  should  be  ^ere  joined 
by  strong  reinforcements,  and  proc^  iipi^  a  sie- 
cret  expedition  against  some  place  on  tfle  fli6ui9iV 
em  borders  of  the  United  States. 

The  calm  which  had  succeed^  the  stOrffij^idid 
not  last  long*  for  on  the  19th  a  mk  breez6ls|^g 
up,  and  sent  tis,  at  a  modern^  and  agreed 
upon  our  course.  TIfe  heat,  however;  was 
oppressive ;  even  awnings  being  unftble'tb 
any  suffidait  sheltei^  We  wer^foiiNlti{pc^ 
the  tropic  of  G^c^i^d  every  da/eip^encedt 
9r«l#iiftgMe  of  iuli^il^ 


iVVtM;" 


0 


i  * 


■^- 


)       .  '    * 


i»        4' 


■»   ■ 


I 


T,^   • 


4. 


AT.IIA.     f 


^> 


^fl^fir^  earned  ittt^iln^^  Here 

ijre.wnR^v^d,  according  to  ouftom,  by  Neptune 
attd  hie  wife ;  and,  as  the  cerepony  of  ihaving 
Hl^y,  perhape,  be  unluiown  to  you,  I  ahall  beg 
letye  to  relate  the  particulars  of, this  visit 

A  clever,  active  seaman,  dressed  up  grotesquely 
i^  vsrious  coloured  rags,  adomed  with  a  long - 
beard  made  bf  the  ^stuff  which  sailors  «all  spun- 
Yf^,  and  armed  with  a  tri-pronged  harpoon, 
}nates  the  God  of  the  Ofcean.    Anotkt^  sea- 
S,  arrayed  in  like  manner,  except  that,  instead 
of  a^be^,  he  wears  an  hideous  mask,  peifbprms 
the  per^.oif  the  lady.    These  are  attended$$)y  a 
trppi^tf  |Msa-gods  and  nymphs,  similarly  equipfMK^; 
and,  a^vancing^fipom  the  bow  of  the  vessel  as  if 
just  stepped  on  board,  they  come  forward  to  the 
mainmast,  and  sumi]|)q|  before  them  all  sujch  ptfr- 
ions  as  have  ne^erusworn  the  oaths,  or  previously 
visiteddieir  capitoL    At  the  foot  of  the  mast  is 
placed  a  large  tub  full  of  sea-water,,  and  covered 

*         ■  »   'V'  , 

by  a  piete  of  canvas,  which  is  held  tight  by  four 
of  theip  attenda||ts*  ^Upon  this  unsteady  throne  is 
t^e  luckless  wi^^  whom  they  design  to  initiate, 
Qompdled  IP  sit ;  an^  being  asked  sevfnal  queisr 
tipQSr  which  ne  cannot  answer,  and.t^ing  several 
oat^  very,  much  resembling  those  said  tpbe  adr 
Iwinisterii^At  J^ghg!|te,  ile^e  prpceejjs j^cqn:^ 
^j?on  him  ik  .honoiir  pj^Hiationi  byt^^  m 


process.    TwOpf  tlie^j|^|^^3i|^|^ 


.« 


#■■ 


■*■■ 


^. 


■V' 


I^^^w 


I'- 


il 


■f. 


^112 


AT  SEA. 


^ 


generally  tall  stout  fellows,  pinion  his  arflln' to  hi^ 
sides ;  and  another;  bringing  a  bucket  filled  ^ith 
grease  and  slops  from  the  kitchen,  sets  it  down  at 
his  godship's  feet,  putting  a  small  panting  brush 
into  his  hand.  Neptune  now  dips  his  brush  into 
the  filth,  and  proceeds  to  spread  a  lather  over  the 
f^ce  of  the  novice,  taking  care  to  ask  questk)ns 
during  the  whole  [M-ocess ;  and  if  the  adopted  be 
simple  enough  to  reply,  the  brush  is  instantly 
thrust  into  his  moiith.  As  soon  as  a  suffigient 
quandty  of  grease  is  laid  upon  the  face,  Neptune 
next'  seizes  a  piece  of  rusty  iron,  generally  the 
broken  hoop  of  a  water  cask,  with  which  he  scrapes 
(^all  that  has  been  applied.  If  the  novice  take 
all  this  patiently,  his  face  is  washed,  and  he  is  per- 
mitted to  descend  from  his  throne  in  peace,  being 
dignified  with  the  title  of  Neptune's  son.  But  if 
he  lose  his  temper,  which  most  men  are  inclined 
to  do,  a  bucket  of  sea-water  is  poured  upon  his 
head.  If  this  be  sufficient  to  cool  his  wrath,  he 
suffers  no  more ;  but  if  it  only  increase  his  indig- 
nation, bucket  after  bucket  is  emptied  over  him, 
and,  at  last,  the  holders  of  the  s^il-cloth  suddenly 
retiring^  he  is  plunged,  over  head,  iftto  the  tub. 
To  crown  all,  the  unfortunate  wretch  who  has  en- 
dured these  miseries,  is  fined,  by  his  tormentor,'  in 
a  gallon  of  rum ;  a  fine  which  the  force  of  custom 
v'iompels  him  to  pay.  It  must  be  confessed  Aat 
iht».iii  a  barbarous  amusement,  much  resembling 


ym>^ 


'I 


^^ 


^'  If?*-. 


¥h 


TAI  west  XMl^ISS. 


bovf,  i»thejal?le  rfthf  Jjoya.and  the 
_,  ^_0Ueh  vCT?  agreeaDlic  to  those  who  act 
to  me  looKers  0n,  it  is  not  so  to  him  that 


■i-'j£.  ''y\i':  'tnt-^i 


In  this  mapner  many  persons. were  treatec^  till 


^en|g;th  Neptune  growing  weary  from  me  iiu^- 

Po^  novicets,  was  content  to  admit  the  rest  to  the 
ilegescdf  initiation,  at\  condition  that  the  fines 
should  be  punctually  paid;  an  agreement,  mto 
trliich  most  of  us  very  thankfully  entered.  '  a. 
•J^Kxt  ihominfiC)  the  first  object  which  met  qi^r 
^es,  was  the  land  of  Caycos  island.     We 


eso 


ose  to  pie  shore,  when  day-light  discovered  it, 


e  wind  been  at  all  adverse,  we  must  qn- 
l^ve  struck ;  but  being  assisted  by  a 
^  and  gentle  breeze,  the  ships  put  about  imme- 
j|li|tely,  and  escaped  the  danger.  Standing  out  to 
sea|  the  fieet  now  doubled  the  promontory,  and 
il^rmg  round  by  the  other  side,  sailed  on  without 
losii^  sight  of  land,  till  late  in  the  evening. 

C^  tl^  following  day,  a  signal  was  made  from 
the  4^di)||kaPs  ship,  that  the  Grolden  Fleece  trans- 
.port,  under  convoy  of  the  Volcano  bomb,  should 
pocfed  to  Port  Royal*  while  the  rest  of  the  fleet 
held  their  course  towards  Negril  bay.  These  two 
vessels  accordingly  set  all  sail,  and  pushed  forward 
by  diemselves ;  while  thjf  others  kept  on  at  a  more 
,j|\|^frate  rate,  that  none  might  stray  from  the  con- 
voy 5  for  the  West  India  seas  at  this  time  swartn- 

Ee 


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XRl  WEST  IN  Oils. 


idg  wi^  American  privateenL  it  wai^' 
trans 


in  the  m^lcue  of  tne 

It  SO  chanced,  that  I  Iook  my  pass 
the  two  ships  which  went  forward  by  thenisdves. 
The  wind  was  fair,  and  we  made  g|eat  pft3apSB% 
insomuch,  that  before  dark  the  hidiland  a  ^ 
DominfiK),  (HI  one  side,  and  the  mount^ns  of  Cucli 
on  the  btKer,>^ere  discernible.  In  sjMte  of  the  heat, 
therefore,  our  voyage  soon  became  truly  dei|gnjt: 
'  t^.  Secure  of  getting  .on  under  the  iimu«n«  c^ 
the  trade  winds,  we  had  nothing  to  di||R|ct  o|||r 
thoughts)  or  keep  us  from  feasting  our  eyes  up^n 
the  glorious  shores  of  these  two  islands^  ^jjfhjlei^ 
addition  to  the  sight  of  land,  which  of  it^,,|^ 
cheering,  we  w||^  amused  with  water-spouts,  ap- 
parently  playing  about  us  in  every  direction.  Qoie 
of  these,  however,  began  to  form  within  a'littte 
distance  of  the  ship,  and  as  they  are  dangerous  as 
well  as  interesting,  a  cannon  was  got  ready^  to 
W  break  it,  before  it  should  reach  us.  But  it  did  not 
complete  its  formation,  though  I  cannot  tdl  why  $ 
for,  after  one  spout  had  rben  into  the  air  soine 
height,  and  another  bent  down  from  the  clouds,  t(l 
meet  it,  they  were  suddenly  carried  away  in  dif- 
ferent directions,  and  fell  into  the  sea  with  the 
noise  of  a  cataract. 

Among  other  sources  of  amusement,  pur  aflfn- 
tbn  was  drawn,  on  the  29th,  tq a  shark,. which 


-% 


ife-r 


?• 


*>■ 


■■•^ 


-*% 


'     VK 


W 


»  ■«1 


^ 


•  ^  i*»#  ■■ 


t- 


f^t  th<^  9lem  pf  the  vessel    % 
v^  iiiini^9C|i9^^  prepared,  and  baited. 
|P^S|i^c  of  suit  pprk,  which,  being  throiim 
av^t  ^  l^^^y  S^P^  ^y  the  voracipus  moh- 
iier.    But,  as  mum  as  he  fett  the  pain  occasion^ 
b^^vUlb  hbok^in  his  jaws,^ he  plunged  towards  the 
l)Q|tti^  (^  the'sea  with  such  violence,  as  to  cend^ 
the  yejy.  taffarel  hot,  by  the  rapidia^fjthe  cpr^l 
gliding  over  it.    Having  permitted  him  to  go  a 
ceiltun  length,  he  was  again  hauled  up  to  the  siir- 
fi»ce,  where  he  remained  without  offering  further 
f^siatafiOe;  whilst  a  boat  was  lowered  down,  and  a 
^^t^jAg  llDQae  thrown  over  his  head.    Being  thu^ 
jiiadl'lut  id  the  gunwale  of  the* boat,  he  was 
brought  round  to  the  gangway,  when  the   end 
e  noose  being  cast  over  the  iif|in-1^ard,  he  was 
led  out  of  the  sea  and  swung  upon  the  ship's 
Hitherto  he  had  suffered  quietly,  offering 
Qp  resistance,  and  apparendy  stupified  by  the  pain- 
of  Ids  jaiw  $  but  he  began  now  to  convinceSis  that 
nei^er  life  nor  striength  had  deserted  him ;  lashing 
with  his  tail  with  such  violence  as  speedily  ti|plear 
the  quarter  deck,  and  biting  in  the  most  furious 
manner  at  every  thing  within  ||s  reach.    One  of 
the  sailors,  how;ever,  Who  seemed  to  linderstand 
tfiese  matters  more  than  his  convades,  look  an  axe, 
and  watching  his  opportunity,  at  one  bkiw  chopped 
offhis  tails    He  was  now  perfectly  harmlenMi^s 
indeed,  one  had  chosen  to  Jiirust  oner's  hm|gnto 


■^  i 


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t 


0^ 


^'    ' 


■4'   * 


'fe 


fi 


Aifi 


^^i 


tJ*4 


-  ■'>:.«■• 


■'  i1 


# 


H.ir**". 


•v-j 


:Wt8T  IlrDfM. 


his  iiiooth  I  «id  the  samfe  sailor  «< 
coeded  to  lay  him  open/ r  and  to-  taice  outJ 
trails.  And  now  h  was  that  the  tenacitjr  of  ^y 
peculiar  to  these  aninials>  displayed  itself.  Aifter 
his  heart  and  bowels  were  tfiken'o4t)  the  shark  st^ 
continued  to  exhibit  proofs  of  animation,  by  bNoig 
ividitts  much  force  as  ever,  at  a  bag^ofcarpenttir's 
todls  that  hanoened  to  lie  within  his  reaqlu 

Being  cut  up,  he  was  distributed  in  porliofiy 
amoQgthe  soldiers  and  ship's  crew.  The  tail  paft 
only,  waa  reserved  as  the  cluef  delicacy  foaepw^ 
cabjn,  which,  though  dry  and  hard,  wl&  Uttiq 
flavour  or  taste,  was  on  the  present  occasioa  cum' 
sidered  as  agreeable  food,  because.it  waaliu^;. 


■5^- 


'f-S^ 


np^^tM. 


'^- 


,  ■  ''V. 


t,-*  ' 


>       »    *,» 


^V^^' 


,*»",.  i/''''\ 


<*»»,,.  "•'WltW^.s 


b»  9'' 


'    :  -.!%•  , 


■'i 


«  • 


...  '^■ 


•* 


mi^ 


LEtTKEXVI. 


^  BvT  what  I  principally  relished,  in  thi&  pmi^ 
our  vbyage;  was  the  exquisite  beauty  of  its  nij^H-^ 
s^nery.    To  an  inhabitant  of  Great  Bri^it*,' the 
|pl^d6Ur<}f  a  night-scene  in  these  climates  iff  alto« 
gether  tinknown.     Shining  broad  and  fullin  a  sky 
]p0rfeociy^€loudless>  the  moon  sends  for^  a  clear 
Btt^j^yiO^^w  lustre,  little  inferior,  in  point   of 
sti!^Af|^o  the  foil  twilight  in  England.    By  this 
Ifieans  you  never  lose  sight  of  land,  either  by  night 
||j]ay,  as  long  as  your  course  livb^ween  Cuba 
0i  Saint  Domingo;  whilst  the  delicious  coolness, 
ifdiich  follows  the  setting  of  the  sun,  tempts  you, 
k  spite  of  all  the  whispers  of  pmdence,  to  expose    . 
yourself  to  dews  and  damps,  rather  than  forego  M 
iSbost  (deasures  of  which  they  lure  the  bane.    Be- 
sides,  you  have  constantly  the  satisfacttip,  of 
oinerving  yourself  move  steadily  on  at  the  most 
agreeable  of  all  rates,  about  fi||e  or  six  miles  an 
hour;  a  satisfaction  far  from  trifling  iti  a  sea  life. 
Then  the  ocean  is  so  smooth,  diat  scarcely  a  rip- 
ple is  seen  to  break  ihe  moon-beams  as  they  faU;. 
whilst  the  quiet  dash  of  little  waves  aga^  the 
ship's  side,  and  the  rushitig  noise  occt 


.4 


=1  '■%, 


>. 


..»#^ 


i  v.. 


jEli! 


Lii^?    5     L    -"SX 


t^^. 


i 


.'>  . 


f 


.  * 


%■ 


■i 


i^  .♦ 


iii 


Till  WIST  IHJ>;i|% 


I 


4-4 


fi-4 


♦ 

if 


*/ 


il 


.1  ! 


i^ 

11/ 

f  WWI 

^]U\ 

;,  >'' 

f ' 

i  '^ 

dnetnoviqg  of  her  J^w  throughthe  waiar,  |pX||^  ^*  / 
al^)ge^er  an  flTopt  which^  may,  without  i^f«S(^  "^ 
tion,  be  tisrmed  .absolutely  iiej&eghiQg..  It  wmniy 
CQinmon  practice  to  sjt  for  hours  after  night  Jatl 
upon  the  tafiarel,  and  straiQ  my  eyes  in  the  attepipt 
to' distinguish  objects  on  shore,  or  strange  sai)^  41 
llie  distance. 

'  ^t  so  happened,  that  on  the  30th  I  was  tempifci^ 
to  indulge  in  this  idle  but  bewitching  emplpymerjl^ 
even  ;beyt>nd  my  usual  hour  for  retiringi  ^and 
did  not  quit  the  deck  till  towards  two  o'cloclm 
the  morning  of  the  Slst.  I  had  just  entered  lu^ 
cabin,  and  was  beginning  to  undress,  when  a  Gcy 
from  above,  of  an  enemy  in  chasle,  drew  pe^  in- 
stantly to  the  quarter  deck.  On  looking  a-steiHk 
I  perceived  «  tliBsel  making  directjy  after  us,  aod 
was  soon  convinced  of  the  justice  of  the*alaim| 
by  a  shot  which  whistled  over  our  heads.  AQ 
hands  were  now  called  to  quarters,  the  gmall^itj^ 

||  were  talnn  in,  and  having  spoke  to  our  comjpamc^ 
and  made  an  agreeinent  as  to  position,  boUi  s^p| 
cleagd  for  action.  But  the  strangqr  seeing  h^^  fig^ 
nal  ofaNeycdwithso  much  alacrity,  likewise  sjaclcf^ 

'  >  ed  s«Q,  and  contiiwidg  to  keep  us  iiiview,  follow,^ 
our  vfike  without  approaching  nearer.  .  In  tfi^ 
state  thmgs  c(xitinued  till  day-break,  we  still  hold- 
iog  our  cours6,  and  he  hanging  back ;  but  as  soq|| 
s^itwds  light,  he  set  more  sail  aad  ran  to  wiiid<- 
waBd,  pi^vipg  jusl^out  of  gun-shot,  in  a  parallel  ^- 


T^^V^^^^M^ 


Vt 


^■fc5*'-^4* 


■f 


V, 


•'■« 


THB  WBST  INDfBS. 

US.  It^vM  now.  nec^ssMiy  to  fall  upon 
s  W  deeifvifig  lub,  cnhtirW&^there  was 
^ifi^lhiU  Iw  wcmk^k^  W^ 
I,  theheig^t  of  the  bulwarks  Served  to 
li^  some  of  Il\e  men ;  but  in  the  transport  no 
s^^creen  existed.  The  troops  were,  thtirefor^, 
oir^ed  below,  and  only  the  sailors,  a  few  blacks, 
and  the  officers,  kept  the  deck.  The  same  expe- 
dii^t  was  likewise  adopted,  in  part,  by  Captam 
I^rice,  of  the  Volcano,  and,  in  order  to  give  to  bis 
ship  a  still  greater  resemblance  than  it  alreacijr^had 
to  a  merchantman,  he  displayed  an  old  faded  scar- 
J^teiisign,  and  drew  up  his  fore  and  mainsail  in 
#hat  sailors  terni  a  lubberly  manner. . 

.Ml,-  ►  -  ^        '      " 

'  "As  yet  the  stranger  had  shown  no  colours,  biit 
from  her  build  and  rigging,  there  was  little  doubt 
alto  her  country.  She  was  a  beautiful  schooner, 
|lfeSentihg  seven  ports  of  a  side,  and  apparently 
^wded  with  men,  circumstances  which  imme- 
Hktely  led  us  to  believe,  diat  she  was  an  American 
pnvateerl^  The  Volcano,  on  the  other  h^ti^  was 
a  clumsy  strong  built  ship,  carrying  twelve  guiis^ 
aid  the  Golden  Fleence  mounted  eight ;  so  IKt  In 
pbiiit  of  artillery;  the'advanlage  was  rather  on  our 
siBe ;  hut  the  American's  sailinjg  was  so  much  su- 
^|ior  to  that  c^  either  of  us,  that  this  a!^v^ntage 
was  more  than  counterbalancedi ' 

',ttaving  dod^d  lis  till  eight  o'clock,  ancj  recon- 
hoid^d  with  great  exactness,  the  straogiif  Jiiimn 


•*?. 


rh^ 


J,.\- 


t 


M 


t 


■|S" 


'^r- 


''i)» 


W 


t 


|„    ■'    '4| 


i.' 


[• 


s, 


•■*''* 


;^. 


f/ 


.*: 


^ 


/A 


ex-' 


.»t 


'.? 


4: 


WEST  INDIBS. 


IP  Steer  gra^bHilljr  nearer  and  nearer,  tfll  it  Wnglli 

iri^  herself  thus  assaulted,  she  iiib#  tfite^'tStfUft 

di^ise,  and  hung  out  an  American  ensigi^  i^fa, 

^fti^lfltei'helmupy  she  poured  a  brttodsid^lHth 

tVbHey  of  musketry,  into  i  he  trahsiwk;  anttt 

along  iiide  of  the  bomb  whicn  sailed  tb  windU^. 

.   As  soon  as  her  flag  was  displayed,'  and  htlr  ili>^ 

tintion  of  attacking  discerned,  all  hsfncis'  tiHe^ 

ordered  up;  and  she  received  tv^  well-dnttetii|i 

b^sidsides  from  th&  Volcano,  ad  well%  )k  ivalm 

iAsit  from  the  Golden  Fleece.    But^^MOh^  iM 

die  celerity  of  her  motion,  that  she  wis  aldi^ 

side   of  the  oomb  in  less  time  than  dm^tif 

ilniagined ;  and  actually  dashing  her  boViH iigafiiil' 

die  odier,  attempted  to  carry  her  l}ybbiirffi%. 

Captam  Price,  however,  was  ready  to  ''^^(^10 

^    tfienK  "^Tlte  boarders  were  at  thirir  fSHft^i© 

ini^  •Ip  JcMiadjan  findings  fo  usd"  t  V^ '^ 

jp^^^t  he  had  caught  a  Tart^  l^Sfif^ 

ti^i^his  men  upon  UirVblcario's^^^ 

'  §of5^$^iiy|^ 

fe  ^wj^lsheered  off  with  die  same  %edd  \«[i 
x^M^'ti^i^down.    In  aftemi^* 
Uiapiyht  uiiiivoiilably  idtt  knihcwlwt  tb'^ii^^ 
^  cxjk^a  th«^whote  ol  his  deck  toihe  i|^% 


t  : 


^\ 


Si 


"f^WH^ni., 


\ 


THl  WIST  INDUS.  2S1 

]|l^a|hi|bl<i^tO),  w|^9B  thf  haste  with  which  bi^ 
cli|i!ir^hmTiecl  jt^^QW,  leaving  oope  uppa  deck  e^- 
cq)t,such  as  were  absolutely  w>uite4  to  work  his 
vessel.    ^ 

^  Xhe  Volcano  had,  by  this  time,  filled  a^d  gave 
chace,  firing  with  great  precision  at  his  yards  and 
rigging,  in  the  hope  of  disabling  him.  But  as 
fortune  would  have  it,  none  of  his  important  ropes 
or  yards  were  cut ;  and  we  had  the  mortificatioD 
to  see  him,  in  a  few  minutes,  beyond  our  reach. 
'\J^  th|s  afi^,  a  marine  ofBcer  and  two  men  were 
hiPipd  0%  board  the  bomb ;  and  some  of  the  tack- 
Uog, was  shot  away.  The  transport  suffered 
n^ing,  in  kUled  or  wounded,  having  been  in  a 
great  degree  protected  from  the  enemy's  fire,  by 
ht^  commodore ;  and  only  one  rope,  I  believe  a 
maii^stay,  was  destroyed. 

JThp  battle  being  over,  and  the  chace  given  up 
as  fir^idess,  we  continued  our  course,  .without  any 
odicr  adventiiiie ;  •  and  before  dark,  were  a^  tp 
distiqguish  the  bUie  mountains  of  Jamaicai <Sc%  Pon 
mingo  and  Cuba  had  both  disappeared  and  this 
^s  now  the  only  land  visible,  b^t  it  was  not  till 
the  first  of  November  that  we  could  obtain  a  dis" 
4nct  view  of  it^  Thenvindeed,  we  found  ourseJives 
within  a  few  miles  of  the  shore,  and  coasted  along, 
highly  delighted  with  the  prospect  before  us. 

Ff 


I 


■M 


■«r-..v' 


^h 


^' 


•fe 


wlr 


■  * 


I 


■•V 


f 


% 


s 


<!► .' 


t       * 


5taa 


^K 


■I 


H 


<*►. 


JAMAICA. 


**!.*1B 


The  stxp»^  Jamaica  ,ar«  in  general  bold  j^ 
inoim^ioQi^ ,  ibu^,QEi  this  »ide  ihcy  ai^  pe<;uli^ 
g^d.  It  appeared  to  ine>  thit^yen  tl|^  Fyreni^ 
niagnificent  as  they  are,.wcre[nQt  to  be  compar^ 
in  point  of  altitude,  to  the  hills  now  iDefQie  Qie ; 
and  early  in  the  morning,  while  yet  the  n>ists  hung 
ypm  their  sumirnits  and  concealed  them,  the  ii;iaa- 
gination  was  left  to  picture  to  itself  what  it  chose ; 
even  the  gates  of  heaven  restbg  upon  their  tc^. 
It  was,  in  truth,  a  glorious  scene ;  and  as  the  wipd 
blew  light  and  uncertain,  we  were  permitted,  fkpva 
the  slowness  of  the  ship's  proj.'ess,  to  enjoy  |^  to 
the  full.  Towards  evenings,  indeed,  the  brqeze 
died  entirely  away,  which  compslled  us  tofuodpr 
about  eight  miles  from  the  harbour  of  Port  Roy^« 

In  spite  of  the  little  rest  which  I  had  pcocur(^ 
during  the  preceding  nights,  having  sat  up  ^  ^ 
early  hour  this  mciing,  to  watch  several  strange 
sails  that  hovered  about  us,  I  could  not  bripg  n^- 
self  to  quit  the  deck  till  after  midnight,  so  be^|i' 
fill,  in  all  respects,  were  the  objects  arouhd  me. 
The  moon  shone  with  her  accustomed  briUiaoCj^, 
and  exhibited  every  crag  and  tree  upon  the  lan^/ 
changed  and  confounded  in  sliape,  but  still  plainlj^ 
while  the  perfume^  borne  off  upon  the  brees^  W9l^ 
odoriferous  in  the  highest  degree.  .  The  sound  of 
the  waves,  likewise,  breakiog  upon  the  rocks,  and 
the  occieu$ipnal  cry  of  seam^,  as  they  adjusted 
ropes  and  sails,  together  with  the  sight  of  several 


?      f 


*' 


■Jit: 


fi  liiaiHiiii' '  •' 


x  > 


<■■■', 


^f     P4MlTB#rAfc. 

wnlsMrhieh  took  advaniige  of  ilie  iiight<frind 
la0*itoaA'tb  Mi/  whh  amt^B  'lEUtiering  in  tfie 

as  ofilnpletdy  tivette^me  to  my  seat;  nor  was'il 
nrfthout  much  reltrt^tance  tfiat  I  at  \m^  yielded 
to  the  drowsy  god,  and  descended  to  my  cabin. 

Next  moiling,  the  ship  got  under  weigh  at  an 
earty  hour,  but  owing  to  the  unsteadiness  of  the 
breeze,  it  was  ten  o'clock  before  we  made  any  sa- 
tisfactory progrees.  As  we  approached  the  bay 
which  forms  the  harbour  of  Port  Royal,  a  novel 
ahd  pleasing  scene  presented  itself.  The  hilU 
<fyihg  gradually  away,  gave  place  to  gentle  slopes 
sn^  green  knolls,  till  towards  the  entrance,  thie 
Wit  became  perfectly  level.  Pushing  forward, 
itiie^soon  fotihd  ourselves  in  a  narrow  channel  be- 
tween two  projecting  head-lands,  beai^tifully  oma- 
nieilited  with  cocoa-nut  trees,  and  so  near  to  each 
oiier,  that  I  could  with  ease  have  thrown  a  biscuit 
fibm'the  ship's  deck  upon  either.  At  the  extre- 
m^bf  th^se  necks,  just  where  the  bay  bcigins  its 
sweep,'stand  two  well-built  forts,  brisding  with 
cannon ;  and  at  die  opposite  sid6  may  be  see^  a 
third,  ready  to  sink  whatever  hostile  fleet  should 
lit  ivtUnate  enough  to  pass  the  first.  Biit  the^e 
w<|i^ot  die  most  striking  parts  df  die  scene.  The 
water  in  this  strei|^t  is  rem^Iiiably  clear,  aiid  ex- 
hibits widi  great  ^stiftcmess  tlie  tops  and  chim- 
neys bf  houses  at  die  bottom.    It  will  be  rettol- 


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only  deiiipUih(»d  giwt  pttt  clothe  town^^^figfl 
Boyal,  but  UkiiHai  coviMd  H  wHh  thf  im  |  % 
nhich  meaii9»  the  Vite  oC  tii$  iMrbpiir  wat  aoi*' 
fleitly  cliaiigsd,  and  that  wbieb^nvas  fonaiBify  dk|r 
land,  and  a  town,  became  part  of  the  ci|ttar»M  of 
the  bay. 

Having  doubled  the  .promontories,  a  rich  and 
extensive  prospect  meets  the  eye.  You  find  your* 
self,  at  it  were,  in  a  large  inland  lake,  the  banks ;^ 
which  are  covered  with  plantations  of  sugiu'-caii^ 
groves  of  cocoa-nut  and  plantain  trees,  and  othAT 
woods  peculiar  to  these  regions,  beautifully  inttir* 
spersed  vi*ith  seats  and  villages.  On  your  f^|(bt, 
is  the  town  of  Port  Royal,  lying  nearly  on  a  Wfrel 
with  the  water,  and  strongly  protected  by  fov^ 
cations,  while  in  various  other  directions  arc  castM 
and  batteries,  adding  an  appearance  of  security  to 
that  of  plenty.  The  l)anks,  though  not  lof^ 
slope  gently  upwards,  with  occasional  fidU-fV 
glens,  and  the  back  ground  is  composed,  m  ^Hub" 
nd,  of  the  rugged  tops  of  distant  mountabs. 
^  Having  waited  till  the  ship  dropped  anchor,  I* 
put  myself  into  a  sort  of  barge  rowed  by  four  ne* 
groes,  aod  proceeded  to  Kingston.  Thoufjl$ii0i0$ 
the  capital'of  the  island,  Kingston  is  the  larg(|itte|b 
in  Jamaica.  It  stands  upon  ihe  brink  of  fFKH 
about  nine  miles  above  Fprt  JIdyal ;  «nd  thence 
cfi|py^s  an  the  advaniages  of  ^e  chief  mart  in  ifeas 


7     i> 


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uJkg.MWHf  ji     LUwiuoitothiriiiwfeiBtaisqh 
.|H(|g;iliitiin^^Hhoill  iiMift  f^gaHl  to  regultn. 

wma^Hi  etogAlM,  bi6if%€oM|KMM  itnMsf  enthiijr 
of  ffbeden  houses,  snd  by  ib  meiite  rtmirkable 
JbrefintoUnesB.    Of  publie  buildii^;  h'^sesses 
none  worthy  of  notice.    Its  inns  are,  howevel', 
e)l»^ilait$  and  though  certainly  not  modei^te  in 
dieir  charges,  they  are  at  least  more  so  than  th<^ 
tf  Bermuda.    In  a  word,  it  is  exactly  such  a  town 
is  <>ne  would  ex|)ect  to  find,  holding  the  principal 
<Mijt)n*niercial  rank  in  a  colony  where  mens'  niini'^ 
suMdri  aspire  beyond  the  occupations  of  trdde. 
«»ilOf  the  intense  heat  in  this  place,  none  but  those 
^)Hi6  have  experienced  it  can  form  a  notion.    It  is 
ilRpo^ible  tb  walk  out  with  any  comfort,  except 
before  the  sun  has  risen,  or  after  he  has  set ;  and 
leven  widlb  doors,  with  the  aid  of  thorough 
^jimghts;  and  all  the  other  expedients  usualfy 
adop^  d  on  such  occasions,  it  is  with  the  utmost 
difficulty  that  you  can  contrive  to  keep  your  blood 
in  a  moderate  degree  of  temperature.    In  the 
town  itsdf,  therefore,  few  of  the  higher  cl&'ses 
reside ;  the  closeness  produced  by  a  proki*^';ity  ^ 
iliouses  being  in  this  climate  piecuuarly  kisupport* 
abM  These  accordingly  inhabit  Cttit  viHas,  called 
pens,  about  three  or  four  mited  in  the-  country ; 
the  master  of  eai^h  ktnHy  generally  retstliutig  a 
suiteof  apartments,  or  {tertiaps  an  kitii«'i;£d&ali)t)t% 


?%-. 


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KiirGgTOK* 


somoiiopen  street^  for  his  own  use,  when  buainess 
obliges  him  W.^ehtoge  the  comfdrt  of  freiii  ^ 
iQnr  the  suffocating  dtmosphere  of  Kingston,  ^1^ 
Wiiii^  the  Qutskn^  indeed,  ia  one  direction,,  a  feiiilr 
genteel  families  inhabit  one  or  tw'o  handsome 
houses,  surroiiiided  byextensive  gardens  and  shrub- 
beries; but  these  are  notnumerpus,  and  so»/-far 
from  the  heat  of  the  town,  as  to  be  in  a  great1iiea« 
sOr^  beyond  the  influence  of  its  smoke,  and  oUier 
nuisandes.  . 

:  During  our  sojourn  in  this  place,  we  received 
the  most  hospitable  attention  from  several  persons 
of  the  first  distinction.  Balls,  and  other  ent^rtaitif 
ments,  w6re  given,  at  which  all  the  beauty  aAd 
fashion  in  ^is  part  of  the  island  attended ;  arid 
for  some  days  I  hnd  little  leisure  or  inclination  fdr 
any  other  pursuit,  than  the  enjo}rment  of  ciirifi^ed 
pleasures ;  a  ))ursuit  which,  from  long  disilse,  p08^ 
sessed  more  than  ordinary  zest.  But,  ait  !epg^ 
having  seen  as  much  of  Kingst<m  and  its  vicmh|ri' 
as  i  desired  to  see,  I  determined  to  take  advante^ 
c0iht  opportunity  which  fortune'  had  placeci 
within  my  reach,  and  to  make  an  excursion  intd; 
the  heart  of  the  Blue  Mountains.  To  this  I  waii 
additionally  induced  by  an  invitation  from  an  ol 
firiend  to  visit  him  at  AnnotJto  Bay ;  and  as,  along 
with  his  letter,  h$  sent  a  horse  for  my  own  coiti^ 
^  veyapce,  and  a  mule  {or  Ithe  ccmveysn^  of  my 
baggage,  iw  difficulty  resptclang  a  inod^  of  being 


>-*t'lH1k/ 


ifai'^WicW.: 


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JAMAIQA. 


237 


■5. 


^^ 


transported,  stood  .ki  .the  v^y  to  obstcuct  my 

design.  . «  ♦ 

Having  made  iip*n^  mind  to  this  journey,  I 
waited  till  sun-set^on  the  9th,  when  starting  ki 
the  cool  of  the  evening,  I  reached  a  little  tavern  ^' 
called  the  Plum-tree,  about  half  an  hour  after 
dark.  My  ride  carried  me  through  an  c^n  and 
fertile  countryi  covered  with  sugar  canes,  coffee, 
and.  such  other  plants  as  are  cultivated  in  |he  low 
grounds  of  Jamaica.  It  was  a  short  one,  not  more 
^lan  twkve  miles  in  extent ;  but  I  was  forced  to 
^  halt  where  I  did,  because  I  had  now  ^ined  the 
fo^ii;^  the- mountains ;  and  if  I  passed  the  Plum- 
tree,  weU  known  as  a  sort  of  half-way  house  on 
such  tours,  I  might  travel  all  night  without  finding 
any  place  of  accommodation. 

As  darkness  set  in,  one  of  the  beautiful  pecu-^^ 
tiarities  of  a  tropical  climate,  which  I  had  not  pre- 
vbusly  wimessed,  came  under  my  observation. 
The  air  was  filled  with  fire-fiies,,  which  emitting  ft  "^ 
l^osphonc  light,  something  similar  to  the  light  of 
tlie.  glow>w<»m,  only  more  red  and  brilliant, 
danced  around  me  like  sparks  from  a  smith's  anvil, 
len  he  is  beating  a  bar  of  red  hot  iron.;  These 
^carqUures  flutter  about  with  a  humming  noise,. and 
frequency  settle  in  large  swarms  upc^  branches 
of  trees,  giving  tp'them  the  semblance  of  so  many 
pieces  of  timber  taken  newly  out  of  a  fire«  Wbeii 
vitwed  by  day-light,  th^  are  in  no  way  remarka- 


# 


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if. 


hh  for  Uieir  elmn|Bi  r«s<Hnbling  Ht  thfc>  atitt|)e  dp 
the'body  »^lo!ig-|)«4|b;  which  |nay  be  seen  inli|l 
fields  sAs^siih-set,  wiihocii^l^ps  orsdales^ '  1^ 

-0  colour  they  Q»^;  a  dingy  bfd\vi|lll,iike  the  gldvl^ 

'^   woi;^C!toy  tfi^ir  light  in  the  tail. 

As  t  had  not  befbre  chanc&d  to  see  any  dMHgf'of 
the  kifiiii^  and  forgot  at  the  moment  thi^t1iui^% 
inseet  as  Ae  fire-fly  existed,  I  wa<^%r  a  few  lidl^ 
nUtes(;at  a  loss  to  what  cause  to  attribute  the  phfe^ 
nomenon  $  and  was  at  last  indebted  to  A%fQegr(^ 
guide  for  refreshing  my  memory  on  the  ^jec# 
The  eiffisct,  however,  cannot  be  conceived,  %iihD<]rt;- 
being  witneissed.  A  cluster  pf  two  or  three  g^iynr- 
worms  shine  so  brilliantly,  that  they  will  fumiih 
subject  for  the  commendatory  eloquence  of  anp* 
one  fortunate  enough  to  perceive  them  togetherV 
bu%  their  brilliancy  is  as  a  farthing  candl#^to  the 
sun,  when  compared  with  diat  of  the  fire-fly.  Not 
two  or  three,  but  thousands  of  diese  creatures 
''dance  around,  filling  the  air  with  a  wavering  aiid 
uncertain  glimmer,  of  the  extreme  beauty  of 
which  no  words  can  convey  an  adequate  cqO! 
ception. 

Having  passed  the  night  at  thirlavem,  a  si 
cottage  kept  lyjra  free  negro  and  his  wife,  I  itlfe 
two  hours  before  dawn,  and  prosecuted|ny  joum^^ 
Ffoin  die  moment  I  quitted  th^Plttm^^e;  I  bs^ 
gan  gnduiUy  to  asCend,  till,  at  day-breik,  1 1bux0^ 
m^delf  kk  the  iDldst  of  dlft  tnost  gkirious  seen^ 


s 


t 


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.'.  *' 


1 


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/jfB  BLV£  |CQ^)f?AI|rs. 


339 


tha^t  the  imaginalion  of  a  man  can  eoiieeive.  Every 
thiy^  around  was  new  and  romantic.  The  hillQ, 
iDW^ing  into  the  very  sky,  were  covered  from 
top  to  bottom  widi  the  richest  herbage,  and  the 
most  luxuriant  wood.  Rarely  could  a  barren  crag 
be  discerned,  and  when  it  did  appear,  it  was  only 
a  sharp  p6int,  or  a  bold  projection  pushing  itself 
forward  from  4ie  midst  of  the  tliickest  foliage.. 
But  what  to  me  formed  the  most  bewitching. part 
of  the  prospect,  was  the  elegance  of  the  trees,  and 
their  perfect  dissimilitude  to  any  I  had  previously 
beheld.  The  cocoa-nut  and  plantain  were  mingled 
wiUi  die  wild-pine  and  lime-tree;  while  the  cashew 
and  wild-coffee,  with  numberless  other  shrubs, 
loaded  at  once  with  fruit  and  blossom,  formed  the 
underwood  to  these  graceful  forests.  .^ 

As  yet  I  had  been  favoured  with  a  wide  and 
good  road,  but  now  it  began  gradually  to  narrow, 
till  at  last  it  ended  in  a  path  little  more  distinct 
than  the  sheep-tracks  over  the  hills  in  Scotland. 
Winding  alcmg  the  sides  of  the  mountains,  it 
brought  me  frequently  to  spots,  where  the  wood 
parting,  as  if  artificially,  displayed  deep  ravines,  to 
k^down  which,without  becoming  dizzy,  required 
no  little  strength  of  head ;  whilst  above,  the  same 
hin  continued  to  stretch  itself  to  a  height,  far  be- 
yond any  I  had  before  gazed  upon.  Presently 
after,  it  conducted  me  gently  down  into  vallies 
completely  shut  out  from  tile  test  of  die  world;  and 

G  g 


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# 
THE  BLVIE  MOITNTAI'RS. 

as  I  descended^  I  could  hear  the  roar  of  ^ater,  uiough 
neither  the  st||am  rior  the  bottom  of  the  glen,  coi^d 
be  perceivedii  On  one  of  these  occasions,  after 
passing  through  a  thick  grove,  I  beheld  a  rive^  of 
some  width,  dashing  along  the  glen,  and  chafing 
so  as  to  produce  the  noise  of  a  mighty  waterfall. 
Towards  the  brink  of  this  river  my  guide  conducted 

vine ;  when,  plunging  in,  we  madi  our  way,  with 
$»ome  difficulty,  to  the  opposite  bank,  and  again 
began  to  ascend.  > 

For  several  hours,  the  same  scenery  sunounded 
me,  only  varied  by  the  occasional  appearance  of 
clusters  of  negro  huts.  Than  these,  it  is  impossible 
to  imagine  any  species  of  huts  or  dwellings  more 
beautifully  picturesque.  They  are  constructed  of 
strong  limbs  of  trees,  thatched  over  with  straw, 
and  usually  ending  in  a  cone ;  having  no  iw^indows, 
but  only  two,  or  sometimes  four  dooris,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  admitting  a  free  current  of  air.  The  spots 
chosen  for  their  erection,  are  generally  small  plat- 
forms or  terraces  in  the  sides  of  the  hills.  A  little 
path,  similar  to  that  along  which  I  travelled,  winds 
down  from  their  doors  to  the  bottom  of  the  valley, 

.^d  conducts  to  the  edge  of  thej^ver,  from  whei^ 
the  inhabitants  are  supplied  with  wat^.  ^  Otml 
tracts  likewise  branch  off  in  •different  directions, 
some  towards  the  summit,  itfid  others  along  the 
sides  of  the  mountains ;  leading,  probably,  to  the 

t^elds  or  spots  where  the  inhabitants  labour.  These 


I*'*- 


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<:\^: 


A- 


■*'«iii»t.. 


s. 


i  i 


water,  though 
he  glen,  cotitfd 
:casions,  aftfr 
held  a  rive^  of 
n,  and  chafing 
jhty  w^iterfall. 
lide  conducted 
our  way,  with 
nk,  and  again 

ry  surrounded 
appearance  of 
t  is  impossible 
wrellings  more 
constructed  of 
;r  with  straw, 
g  no  windows, 
rls,  for  the  pur- 
r.  The  spots 
lily  small  plat- 
hiUs.  Alitde 
avelled,  windis 
i  of  the  valley, 
,  from  whei 
floater.  V  6tl 
ent  directions, 
lers  along  the 
obably,  to  the 
abour.  These 


1 


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s         TIi:^  BLUE  MDVNTAINSf  231 

huts  have  no  chimney,  but  cmly  ^J|||ge  hole  in  the 
rocfl  to  give  free  passage  to  the^molEe,  ^d  I  could 
perceive,  by  its  rise  at  present,  that  fires  were  con- 
stantly kept  burning. 

It  ivould  be  labour  lost,  were  I  to  attempt  any 

more  minute  description  of  this  delightful  journey. 

Every  step  I  took  presented  something  new,  and 

something  mor^  e;rand  and  sublime  than  I  had  just 

quitted;  while  me  continual  fording  of  the  swollen 

river,  (for  I  crossed  the  same  stream  no  fewer 

than  eight  and  twenty  times,)  gave  an  additional 

interest  to  the  scene,  arising  from  the  sense  of 

danger.  The  rainy  seasons  having  just  ended,  this 

stream,  the  Wag-water,  a  most  appropriate  name, 

had  not  as  yet  returned  to  its  natural  size;  but  at 

the  fords,  which  in  general  would  not  cover  a 

horse's. knees,  the  depth  was  such  as  to  moisten 

the  saddle-girths.  So  great  a  quantity  of  water,  in 

a  furious  mountain-torrent,  pouring  on  with  all  the 

violence  produced  by  a  steep  descent,  occasioned  no 

slight  pressure  upon  my  steed ;  nor  was  it  without 

considerable  floundering  on  his  part,  and  some 

zxaiagXy  on  mine,  that  once  or  twice  we  succeeded 

in  making  good  qj^  passage. 


i^ 


'<   *;            * 

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V 

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^^H>    '^%       :>l" 

,, 

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1^ 


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1'^^ 


332 


LETTE^l  XVII. 


'i.K 


i*v. 


lt.«, 


.^;^ 


^•l^ 


I 


-y^ 


h'iU 


'4^ 


#^ 


'  Noon  was  approaching  when  my  sooty  fellow- 
/^traveller  directed  my  attention  to  a  neat  cottage, 
Romantically  situated  on  the  top  (^  a )  m  mound, 
which  stood  alone  in  the  middle  of  stupendous 
motrhtains.  It  commanded  one  of  the  most  ex- 
quisite prospects  that  fancy  can  represent.  A  sort 
of  glen  surrounded  it  on  every  side,  richly  and 
beautifully  wooded ;  behind,  rose  some  of  the  iltost 
lofty  of  the  blue  mountains ;  on  the  right  there  was 
in  opening,  which  admitted  a  fine  view  of  Annotta 
Bay ;  while  in  the  other  direction,  the  hills  sloping 
gradually  upwards,  presented  an  inclined  plane, 
covered  with  fields  of  sugar-cane,  and  ending  at 
a  considerable  distance,  in  one  abrupt  and  broken 
■^  rid^. 

The  cottage  in  question,  was  the  resiilsnce  of 
my  friend,  and  th«  resting  place  whither  my  steps 
were  turned ;  nor  did  I  expeilillice  any  fegin^  at 
finding  myself  so  near  my  journey's  end.  T1& 
,heat  had  for  some  time'  b«en  almost  intoler- 
able, and  having  eaten  no^mg  since  the  n%bt 
before,  nature  began  to  ciy  otit  for  repose  liiid  re- 
pletion. **  In  truth,  the^  welcome  which  I  tTspe- 


'i#, 


i 


4. 


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j<W^.'< 


9«4bi  BI.VI  MOviriAiiis.'  ''  ir  3S3 

*  ri«ice4  was  of  such  >  nature,  u  to  take  away 
a}\  deqir^  of  wandering  fartHer.  .We  had  not    ^ 

4 '  met  fctf  mahy  years,  and  since  that  time,  some  me-   "^ 
lancholy  change?  had  taken  place  in  my  friend's 
family ;  but  he  received  me  with  all  the  cordial 
hospitality  which  a  warm  heart  produces,  and  for- 
got his  own  private  sorrows,  that  he  might  not  • 
throw  a  damp  over  my  enjoyments.  v; 

Feeling  that  I  had  taken  sufficient  exercise  fpr 
,,one  ^Yt  I  did  not  go  out  till  the  morrow ;  wheit  ?. 
we  rode  together  round  several  estates,  saw  the 
{NTOcess  of  making  sugar,  and  visited  several  hos- 
pitals, with  which  each  estate  is  supplied  for  the 
rteaptiltm  and  cure  of  sick  negroes.  I  likewise 
made  many  minute  inquiries  as  to  the  state  and 
condition  c^  the  slaves,  inspecting  thek  huts,  and 
even  examining  their  provisions ;  and  I  must  con- 
^fiess  that  the  result  of  these  inquiries  was  such,  as 
to  destroy  much  of  the  abhorrence  which  I  had 
befdre  felt  to  the  name  of  slavery.  There  is  some- 
thing in  the  idea  of  bondage  veiy  repugnant  to 
the  feelings  of  men  bom  to  freedom  as  an  inhe- 
ritance ;  mx  are  there  any  evils  which  such  men 
would  not  uiS^fi'iSO  ^o  preserve  that  inheritance. 
Rut  after  all,  the  misery  of  the  one  state,  and.  the 
Lappiness  of  the  other,  is  but  ideal.  As  far  as  real 
ccnnforts  goy  I  ^tould  pronounce  the  n&gro  slave, 
in  Jamaica,  a  luip{»er  man  than  the  peasant  in 
England.    Like  a  soldier,  he  i|  welt  fed,  Applied 


/ 1 


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234 


I: 

I 


"''*"'    THE  BLVB  M6l7NTAINS.*»f| 


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<«» 


with  what  clothing  he  requires,  has  a  comf^^ble 
bed  to  sleep  on,  is  distressed  with  no  cares  for  the, 
support  of  his  family,  and  is  only  ob^lpe^  in  re»  ^' 
turn  for  all  this»  to  labour  a  certain  number  dt 
hoifrs  in  the  day.  It  is  true  that  he  may  be  beftt- 
en,  and  cannot  resist ;  but  he  never  is  beaten,  un- 
less he  deserve  it :  and  to  a  man  afflicted,  or  if 
you  please  ennobled  by  no  fine  feelings  of  honour, 
a  beating  produces  no  pain,  except  what  may  aris^ 
;  from  the  strokes  themselves. 

With  respect  to  the  treatment  of  slaves,  ifgain, 
the  outcry  so  general  in  England  against  the 
cruel^  of  overseers  is  quite  absurd.  No  m^, 
however  wanting  in  humanity,  is  so  foolish  as  IQ, 
render  useless  his  own  property.  If  he  have  no 
better  principle  to  direct  him,  the  same  policy 
which  prevents  an  English  farmer  from  over- work- 
ing or  abusing  his  horse,  will  prevent  a  West  Indi^i^ 
merchant  from  over- working  or  abusing  his  slave. 
N^or  are  the  slaves  prohibited  from  earning  some- 
thing for  themselves.  A  certain  number  of  hours 
in  each  day  are  at  their  own  disposal,  when,^  if 
they  choose  to  work  on,  they  are  paid  so  mujch  fqir 
their  services ;  if  not,  they  are  pem^tted  tx^amiise 
themselves  in  any  manner  they  please.  Their  foo^^ 
though  coarse,  is  wholesome,  andsuch  as  dii^y  have 
been  all  their  lives  accustomed^to ;  their  houses, 
though  not  elegant,  are.in  no  r^ispect  inferior  to, the 
gen^j^jil^of  cQ|ts|ges,  allowed  to  the  poor  by  parjii^ 


•m 

# 


47V 


»• 


THE  1LUE  ItOUWrAINS. 


235 


officefB  in  England;  and  when  they  are  sick,  they  are 
Jx'\  removed  to  wy  hospitals,  where  as  much  attention 
•  is  paid  to  #'  m,  as  if  they  were  people  of  rank  and 
consequence.  But,  above  all,. thev  are  never  dis- 
tressed with  anxiety  for  their  families.  They  know 
that  their  children  will  receive  the  same  treatment 

'i 

that  they  have  received,  that  they  will  never  want 
food,  clothing,  or  an  home,  and  therefore,  they^die 
without  any  of  those  harrowing  dreads,  'vhich'So  f 

frequently  madden  the  death-bed  of  an  £nglisli 
labourer.  ^       . 

ff"  But,  it  will  be  said,  they  are  slaves ;  and  in  the 
""  ^Mrord  slavery  are  comprehended  the  worst  evils  that  J 
iskn  befal  a  human  being.  This  is  all  very  well  in  |9^  f^ ; 
theory,  and  no  doubt  every  man  bom  free  wbuld 
risk  his  life  to  preserve  his  liberty ;  but  the  most 
of  these  slaves  have  never  known  what  freedom  is; 
and  it  is  absurd  to  talk  of  a  man  pining  for  he 
knows  not  what.  Latterly,  indeed,  thanks  to  cer- 
tain humane  individuals,  who,  without  possessing 
ttie  slightest  personal  knowledge  of  their  situation, 
hav^  pitied  them  so  loudly,  that  their  compassion- 
ate expressions  have  crossed  the  Atlantic,  they 
have  begun  to  consider  themselves  as  hardly 
treated,  in  being  refused  the  common  birth-right 
of  man.  The  consequence  is,  that  many  negroes, 
who'  were  befor^^eerful  and  happy,  are  now  dis- 
contented and  gloomy,  and  ripe  for  the  n)ost  de- 
sperate attempts.    Yet,  as  a  proof  of  thfeir  folly 


1        f 


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X 


THE  MAHOOKS. 


in  desiring  free<loin,  unless,  indeed,  fhat  g9t  w^' 
accompanied  with  tiie  possession  of  the  islands  \^i 
where  they  dwell,  by  far  the  greater  part  of  those 
slaves,  whom  their  masters  have  at  any  time  en- 
franchised, after  wandering  about  for  a  while,  the 
most  miserable  creatures  upon  earth,  return,  and 
beg,  as  a  favour,  to  be  received  once  more  into 
^heir  original  state  of  slavery. 
t^*  The  process  of  making  sugar  is  too  well  known 
to  render  it  necessary  for  me  to  describe  it  in  de- 
tail. The  sugar-cane  being  cast  into  a  grindingmiU, 
is  pressed  till  the  juice  is  extracted,  which,  bMog 
conveyed  in  pipes  from  the  mill  to  a  large  caldron, 
is  boiled  till  it  acquire  a  certain  consistency ;  the 
scum  being  regularly  taken  off  as  it  is  thrown  up 
from  the  bottom.  The  liquor  is  then  poured  into  l^ 
another  caldron,  and  undergoes  another  boiling; 
where  being  left  till  cool,  it  is  taken  out  in  a  solid 
mass ;  and  when  Inruised  down,  becomes  the  sugar 
of  which  we  make  use.  The  lees  and  scum  of  the 
sugar  again  being  distilled,  produce  rum;  while  the 
cattle  and  horses  are  fed  upon  the  pulp;  and  thus, 
of  the  sugar-plant  itself,  three  different  uses  are 
made,  all  of  them  important,  and  aU  profitable. 

Among  other  curiosHies,  I  was  fortunate  enough, 
while  in  this  part  of  the  island,  to  see  stomething 
of  the  Maroons.  These  are  a  race  of  free  negroes, 
who  live  entirely  by  themselves,  and  are  treated 
as  the  allies  and  friends  of  the  British  government. 


¥' 


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i^»  M ABOAirg. 


• 
237 


TlM^  inJlMbilffleveral  villagesvor  w  thfey  are  caUed, 
towns,  in  the  wildtat  part  of  ^  kitarior,  and  ge« 
nerally  neai'  tike  banks  of  a  river.  They  have  their 
own  magistmtes,  and  arc  governed  by  laws  of  their 
own ;  but  al  the  head  of  each  little  republic  is  an 
European,  who  acts,  at  once,  as  ambassador  from 
the  whites^  and  as  chief  governor  of  the  place. 
They  are  found  extremely  useful  in  bringing  back^ 
run-away  slaves,  receiving  a  sort  of  pension  for 
their  services,  and  being  supplied  with  muskets 
and  ammunition,  at  the  expense  of  the  British  au- 
diorities.  s^*?-,* 

""'  That  the  Maroons  are  not  the  original  iflHkbi- 
tantir  of  Jamaica,  their  colour  sufficiently  proves. 
Thl^are  not  copper-coloured  like  the  natives  of 
America,  but  quite  black,  resembling,  m  almost 
evefy  particular,  the  African  negro.  Their  fea- 
tures^ however,  are  not  so  universally  flat ;  and  the 
hair  of  numy,  instead  of  being  woolly  and  curljrj 
is  iMg  and  sleek.  Some  of  their  women  are  com- 
pletely beautiful,  with  high  noses,  and  lips  mo- 
deratelf  ^ttnfik ;  ^viiiile  their  form  and  make  are" 
drect  and'  graceful.  Till  I  beheld  these  femak' 
l^^oons,  I  did  hot  conceive  it  possible  to  apply 
theteHir  beautiful  to  a  beii^g  as  dark  as  ebony ; 
but^  in  tratb,  so  powerful  is  the  efiect  of  regular 
features  and  an  elegant:£^m,  tfi^t  die  difference 
of  complexion  is  not  able  to  destroy  it. 
Ail  the  Maroons  arft'not^  howeter,  of  tHis  de- 


Hh 


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TUB  MABOONS. 


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scription.  They  are  now  ho  much  mingled  with 
fugitive  slaves,  that  the  originil  breed  u  greatly 
impaired,  and  appears  to  be  in  some  danger  of 
becoming  totally  lost.  During  the  Maroon  war, 
every  sUiive  that  deserted  from  his  master,  was  re- 
ceived among  them ;  and  these  deserters  being 
almost  as  numerous  as  the  people  to  whom  they 

>>fled  for  refuge,  the  present  generation  is  a  sort  of 
mongrel  race,  partaking,  in  most  cases,  as  much 
of  the  negro,  as  of  the  Maroon  feature. 

From  what  part  of  the  world  these  Maroons  have 
originally  come^  I  cannot  pretend  to  detehtiine. 
In  their  features  and  form,  they  certainly  bear  d 
grJeater  resemblance  to  Asiatic,  than  the  African 
negroes ;  and  yet  I  am  not  aware,  that  slaves  were 
at  any  time  transported  from  the  shores  of  Asia  to 
the  West  Indies.  It  is  most  probable,  however, 
that  these  people,  from  whatever  quarter  of  the 
globe  they  may  have  been  brought,  were,  at  one 
time,  subject  to  the  same  bondage  as  the  present 
cultivators  of  the  soil.  But  the  event  prov^)  tliirt 
*they  were  more  high-spirited  than  dieir  flat-nosed 
brethren ;  for  they  soon  threw  off  the  yoke,  and 

I  established  themselves  in  the  wilds  lind  mouit^ 
" '  tainous  districts  of  the  island.  After  an  ^i&listie- 
cessful  attempt  to  reduce  them,  they  were  leftiHk 
possession  of  their  freedom  and  their  fiMtoesse^  ; 
and  now  live  peaceably  and  quiedy,  carrying  on  a 
little  ^ffic  in  feathers,  \Mi&  and  skirts,  wiHf  their 


0" 


*»■■  "i. 


J 


JH%  MAIOPNS. 


239 


/ 


£uropeui«n<i|gMKHin,and  •uppor^gthemselvoi, 
wheri  nef)ro|b«  Mf  tor,  upon  fish ;  M  when  distant 
from  any  J^lfjlVf^t  chiefly  upon  the  fruit  of  the 
plantain  vifm* 

llaving  spent  a  few  most  agreeable  days  with 
my  friend,  on  the  13th  I  set  out  on  my  return  to 
Kingston.     The  scenery  through  which  I  passed 
yfm,  in  many  respects,  different  from  what  had  en- 
tertained me  on  my  way  thither;  my  guide  having 
led  me  by  another  road,  in  order  to  avoid  the  river. 
The  country  was  in  general  less  grand,  and  mcnre 
cultivated  $  but  there  were  two  or  three  spots  even 
wilder  than  any  I  had  yet  seen.    These  were  oc- 
cupied by  Maroon  towns,  consisting  of  two  long 
streets  of  huts,  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles; 
each  hut  being  surrounded  by  a  small  plot,  in 
which  the  sweet  potatoe  and  yam,  with  some  of 
the  most  common  kinds  of  vegetables  were  culti- 
yated.    JS^hfi  huts  themselves  resembled,  in  every 
p^Qular,  the  huts  of  the  slaves.  Only  they  were 
p^hapd  less  neat,  and  had  about  them  less  the  ap;- 
pearanQ^  of  comfort;  but  in  tbeu-  food  and^manner « 
of  living,  the  condition  <£  the  Maroons  seems  to 
bf.dopidedly  inferior  to  that  of  the  others.    Ttu^t 
ih^  sb|>yes  are^nin  reality^  more  happy  than  the  free 
negroes,  is  pipved  by  the  different  luode  in  whjich 
they, employ  themselves,,  .In  pa{wing  through  ^ 
villagi^  of  the  former,  after  the  work  of  the  day  is 
finished^  you  will  alwi^ys  find  them  di^ncpg^pr 
amusing  themselves  in  manly  and  athletic  games. 


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4t;  whjpj^^vjll^  you  fiwy  diaiuKi.  tp  ,t^¥m^A 
Maropa  tow![i,^y6u  ivriU  ^  Ihe  i^habitao^ts  sittpg 
in  lazy  mdoleQce  at  the  doors  of  ,tl^v  t^^i^ins^  so 
completely  oppressed  with  w.hat^,jd(]|9y  b((  termed 
ei^ui,  that  they  will  hardly  take  the  trouble  to 
lift  up  their  eyes  to  stare  at  you  as  you  gp  along. 
Except  when  driven  by  hunger  to  seet  the  plaiit^ 
^^es,  they  seldom  stir  beyond  dieir  own  habi)^ 
tbns ;  i^ess  it  be  to  lead  back  some  fugitiye  to 
his  master,  and  to  claim  the  reward.  Even  the^ 
little  trade  is  carried  on  with  those  who  come 
amcnig  them;  few  of  them  thinking  it  worth  wJb^e 
to  look  for  a  market,  where  they  may  ^posQ  of 
th^  commodities. 

As  it  was  late  before  I  started,  my  ride  tp-d^ 
was  extremely  toilsome,  on  account  of  this  hea|. 
I  did  npt,  therefore,  push  on  to  Kingston  at  once, 
but  stopping  at  a  place  called  Stoney-hill,  p9«s«^ 
the  night  there;  and  rising  early,  reached  t|iat 
town  by  breakfast  time,  on  the  following  day*  ,1 
fo^ind  the  ships  preparing  to  sail,  ,th&  9e|^stop|L 
embarked,  and  officers  hastening  on  hoard^b'Jp^^Pi 
congratulating  myself  on  having  aiTiv<$4  at^a  ,£[^- 
H^nate  nioment,  I  made  my  way  tp  the  liarbpuf^ 
and  once  more  took  possession  of  J^y  cabi%;  ..ig- 

It  happened,  however,  that  the  $hip$  did fiptiiiil 
spsQpB  as  was  ^i^^pocted.  j^mo  w^^jkm^^ 
given  raci  t»  examine  the,  itoWB  of  Port  ^o^,  a 
circi^fttfuiice;^!  wliif^b  (idid  4iot  M  iP^y^i^  my- 
self.   Not  that  there  is  in  this  smalltown,  much 


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roKT  Roir'At. 


S41 


^i^coitipcii^  ttie  trouMe  tif  examination,  per- 
fermed  is  laeh^  examihation  must  be,  under  tHe 
lays  of  ^  vli^cal  sun ;  but  to  one  little  used  to  a 
sea  pe,  tay  diing  is  better  than  remaining  cooped 
up  within  the  narrow  compnss  of  a  ship. 
.  Port'Royal  is  cjuite  the  Wapping  of  Kingston. 
FuH  of  bustle  and  confusion,  its  streets  are  gene- 
rail}^  crowded  with  dnmken  sailors,  labouring  n6-^ 
gm»,^d  noisy  task-masters.     The  houses  ^e 
.n^an,  and  the  inhabitants  of  the  lowest  order; 
nor  is  it  remarkable  for  any  thing,  except  the 
strength  of  the  works  by  which  it  is  de&nded. 
The  bairacks,  indeed,  are  good  and  exten*  ve,   »*/ 
being  meant  to  contain  about  a  thousand  moai 
but  besides  these,  there  is  no  building  in  die|l3ace 
iKrtMrthy  of  notice ;  for  though,  likewise,  the  dock- 
yard be  of  some  importance,  and  rich  in  stores,  it 
is  but  little  ornamented  with  architecture ;  and 
i^e  only  churdi  is  as  plam  and  unadorned  as  pos- 
sible. 

*  Theitown  itself,  being  built  upon  a  promontoiy, 
is  ivaahed  on  three  sides  by  the  sea;  and  is^ 
besides,  surrounted  by  regular  fortifications,  wdl 
supplied  witb  heavy  ordnance.  Close  to  each  of 
thjB  guns  which  point'  towards  the  water,  are 
Himaoes  for  heating  shot;  and  within  die  ram- 
parts »e  arranged,  at  proper  intervals,  from  one 
another,  many  mortars  of  lurge  calibre.  In  A 
word,  if  you  view  it  as  a  to^,  your  sentinef  wiH 


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^,4acknowl«]ge  «tl]%t  ^  IS  wfll  calcutod  If 
tibit  tb^  purposve  for «Kli|i^  It  was  fitted;  ilwit 
is,  tQ  prompt  the  p^i^pAA  harbpiir  Jo  iaroaica, 

*    from  insult  ... 

^  At  length,  on  the  momiug  of  the  l7ft,W4^* 
got  undfr  weigh,  and  stood  to -sea.  Coast:|ig 
along  with  a  fair  wind,  we.  arrived  on  ^11^  at 
Hpgril  bay,  the  place  of  rendezvous  for  the  whole 
armament.  Here  we  found  great  part  of  the  fleet 
at  anchor,  the  hwses  landed,  and  every  thing  in  a 
state  which  promised  some  fardier  delay.  Neither 

^^'  Sir  Alexander  Cochrane,  who  was  expected  to  re- 
join us  with  reinforcements  from  England,  nor 
Admiral  Malcombe,  were  in  the  bay;  and  the 
command  remiained  at  present  with  |)be  Captain  dt 
the  Asia. 

The  shores,  on  thb  side  of  Jamaica,  are  mon^ 
flat  and  tame  than  any  I  had  yet  seen*  Th!l 
quantity  of  wood,  however,  with  which  they  are 
covered,  even  to  the  edge  of  the  water,  |^fijBS  Dq 
t£|ema  rich  and  beautiful  appearance  ^il^b^t||i 
sw^p  of  the  bay  itself  is  striJringly  fine.^  Sugi%, 
jcane  seems  to  be  the  ut^versal  produce  of  ^  sqil^ 

.   wherever  it  is  capaUe  of  i^oducing  anyv.^^||g|. 

<;  even  IncHan  com  being  but  little  cultivate '  Q| 
this  last  there  wpe  here  a  few  fields,  aiid'bQl^ 
few,  iiUiiBrspersed  amoi^  many  of  the  other;  as 
v#  as  some  pM^ure^Upon  which  sheepan^  cattle 


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^#ere  IMKng^  flte  ijtwep,  I  bdidve,  are  bred  iti 
the  idand t  birt  ihe  0at^^  aie  brttughc  over  fiom 
Aw  Spai^^itiaiti ;  few  |)ersons  attempting  to  en- 
cotiMge  ihi^^  propi^tioii^  so  much  are  they  found 
td  degenerate. 

p  Seemg  all  things  quiet/  and  no  likelihobd  of  an 
immediate' change,  I  determined  to  go  on  shore, 
and  having,  together  with  a  friend,  put  my  resdlu- 
tidii  into  practice,  we  provided  ourselyes  with 
hdrses,  and  rode  some  way  up  the  country.  But 
'i^^  thing  appeared  insipid  after  my  joume}^ 
^irough  the  mountains.  The  sceneiy,  though 
'iich^  was^not  grand ;  and  -but  for  the  view,  which 
&om  various  eminenues,  we  were  enabled  to  pro- 
cure of  the  anchorage  crowded  with  shipping, 
^ioiuld  Inr^'e  been  uninteresting. 

.  Our  ride  was  not,  therefore,  protracted,  so  as  to 

k^0  any  risk  of  being  left  behind,  for  having 

^Hiehetrated  only  about  ten  miles  from  the  beach, 

'  ii^^tumed  our  horses'  heads,  and  retraced  our 

9ti^ps^t6^^e  fleet. 

.idk^  state  al&irs  continued  till  the  24i&tJ  ^ 
wffift,  about  nine  o'olock  in  the  momin,,,  the  topA  \ 
^maits  df  di  huiherous  squadron  could  be  discerned 
6\^  *<he  eastern  promontory.-    These  gradually  .* 
^^idbnid^ilsi  itill,  in  a  short  time,  we  were  able  Id 
^  distihguMi  the  flags  of  Sir  Alexander  Cochrane, 
«ftd  Admiral  Malcorabe,  and  at  last  beli^ld  the 
'^ititiant  and  Royal  Oak,  accoippanied  W^^^ 

;.  if'  ■  *"  * 

■V 

,.Jt  '.       .  ^-     ■■ 


*' 


ii 


r 


9iJ^ 


1.1 


!  >1 


\\ 


-^ 


.  \ 


f 


.% 


*A 


i'KT 


1 1.  ! 


#' 


\.  «^ 


,     '    in^omi^  thatu^ey  had  QcavcjBly  ^b^o^^ 

^^iben  #^  J9^are  boarded  Jn^Mi 
t       ql^idiff. ships  which  Aey  came  to  join;-  *  »v  -t-^^v^ 
tit  ap^ned  that  thifr  pdwerfbl  rai«fM!«o«iM^ 
consistedof  the  lollowing  fofces.    Tlm99d^Rigl^ 
ment,  a  fine  corps  ci  Hig^Uanders^  mwttnogujnttl^ 
Itundred  bayonets;  six  ''.omp^ies  of  llii^Di^ 
ri§e  corps;  two  West  India  Regiments^  tsie|i^ifglt|« 

^  hiiildred strong ;  two  squadrons  of. thelittii^fii^' 
gOQ|[is .  dismounted ;  detachments  ofi^^afiSII^ 
rockets,  sappers,  and  engifiejrrf  recruits  i6r  iKe 
dil^rent  corps  already  in  this  fiart  df  Ihfr.  it^QCl9| 
and  thoiij^  last,  not  least,  Ms^  Get^ral  %<iii^ 
to  take  upon  himself  the  comaiBad  oMie^wMi^' 
llie^ilttdiigctuse  brought  was  iikewise^tilciiMlig^^ 
for  it  informed  us  of  the  point  whiter 
to^roCecd ;  and  it  was  soon  km^wii'  "tfii 
'   *"    t^fleet,  that  the  conquest  of  Me$k.Q[kiMMm^ 

jBul  before!  pursuo  m/tiarrati!^ ' 
ai^ved,  as  it  weiie^  at  a  second  coi 
nMfc  be^MEell  if«I  slile>^lul},  lAm-^ 
which  <li»«aiii^flow  coMiied^'^ 
then,  t^ertt^  w^re  the  4tb,  4im;wd^^^9i6i^m6im 


jap 


5t 


:f 


•^fv* 


p.  Xir 


CdttHi^ 


^■^^^ 


i^i* 


lif^- 


t^ 


•'  %^ 


HEGRII.  BAY. 


245 


2l8t,whidi  joined  thee^pedition  at  BermudA.Thest 
battalions  being  considerably  reduced  by  past  ser- 
vice, could  not  at  present  muster  conjunctly  above 
two  thousand  two  hundred  men;  and  being  likewise 
dfi(»iyed  of  die  Marine  battalion,  which  had  fought 
beside  diem  in  the  Chesapeake,  they  retained  no 
followers  except  the  Artillery,  Sappers,  Sec.  which 
had  accompanied  them  from  the  first.  The  whole 
amount  of  this  corps  may,  therefore,  be  estimated 
at  two  thousand  five  hundred  men. 

4 

Without  computing  the  individual  strength  of 
each  detachment  now  arrived,  I  will  venture  to  fix 
the  aggregate  at  three  thousand  five  hundred; 
and  thus  the  whole,  taken  collectively,  will  amount 
to  six  thousand  combatants.  That  it  might  some- 
what exceed  or  fall  under  this  computatimi,  I  do 
not  deny ;  but  neither  the  excess  nor  deficiency 
could  be  considerable ;  and  therefore  my  state- 
m^  may  be  received  as  correct,  with  very  little 
allowance. 

This^  it  must  be  confessed,  Mras  a  formidable 
power,  and  such  as,  had  all  its  parts  been  trust- 
worthy, might  have  done  much.  But  in  the  black 
corps,  little  reliance  could  be  placed,  especially  if 
the  ctimiube  should  prove  colder  than  was  antici- 
pated; consequently,  there  were  not  more  than 
four  thousand  four  hundred  men,  upon  whom  a 
general  could  fully  depend. 

Together  with  these  forces,  were  brought  out 

li 


,-*. 


•^Bw/ 


% 


'.•'■& 


.*'f>. 


:^«  • 


.^* 


•Xl^ 


^4 


%' 


0 


4     » 


KLrf"-- -■  ?■  -•*  ..H' 


Ktf 


^ 


4- 


^."Y^ 


%5 


y/; 


246  NECRIL  BAY. 

'  abundant  stores  of  amniitiition,  some  clbf' 
tfie  troops,  and  tents  tp  be  used  when  an  oppor- 
tunity should  oflfer.  There  were  also  numdipii^ 
Itdditions  to  the  commissariat  and  medu»l  de- A 
partments;  in  short,  the  material  of  the  furmy 
was  mcreased  m  proportion  to  its  increase  ot 
number.  ' 

To  find  himself  in  the  chief  command  of  this 
force,  exceeded  the  expectation,  and  perhaps  the 
desire,  of  General  Keane,  Being  a  young  attd 
dashing  officer,  he  had  been  selected  as  most  fit 
to  serve  under  Ross;  and  having  sailed  from 
England  before  the  death  of  that  gallant  chief  was 
known,  he  reached  Madeira  before  his  elevation 
\(ras  communicated  to  him.  Young  as  he  was, 
'however,  his  arrival  produced  much  satisfiiction 
throughout  the  armament;  fcr  Ihou^  no  one 
entertained  a  doubt  as  to  the  personal  courage  of 
Cfolonel  Brook,  it  was  felt  that  a  leader  of  more 
experience  was  wanted  on  the  presti^  iixpfe- 
djtion. ' 

^     As  soon  as  the  newly-arrived  squadron  had 

^  anchored,  the  Bay  was  covered  widi  boats,  which 
conveyed  parties  of  officers  from  ship  to  ship, 

"'  hastming  to  salute  their  comrades,  and  t^iiiiuitt 
into  the  state  of  |diings  at  home.  I^tteirigs 
Qiid  hearty  embraced  were  interchanged  between 
friends  thus  again  brought  together ;  and  a  few 

^pessingejaculationsof  sorrow  bestowed  upon  thqse 


•»*Vk 


?^  » 


.*■ 


S  '' 

•s* 

1    I  ' 

ifr 

•# 

> 

Jl 

^M 

■:'. 

^    , 

'dk/m 

*,,   . 

^jO^igV 

•^■^       . 

^    ^  i/ 

'^ 

n  oppor- 

dical  de-^ 

the  Wf^ 

icrease  o* 

1 

lid  of  this 

^m 

i  ■• 

erhaps  the 

"7       ^^B 

^  ■ 

roung  ahd 

IS  most  fit 

•V* 

iUed  from 

t  chief  was 

IS  elevation 

as  he  was, 

satisfaction 

^  liO  cttii  ^ 

% 

courage  of 

iCTOf  m<Mt 

sstit  fexj^- 

[uadtt^n  had 

boats,  which 

hip  to  ship, 

■* 
/ 

idtlli^ulre 

.  %tjetfiigs 

igcd  between 

'^^^1 

he.. 

• ;  and  a  few 

eduponthqse 

'^ . 


r 


KBG&ZL    BAY. 


5^7 


10  c^tdd  not  now  <^e  part  in  the  meeting. 
Many  (Questions  y^ere  pi;it,  relative  to  persons  and 
pjsices  in  £nglandf  iaa  word,  the  day  was  spent 
III  mat  species  c^  eiiiitiDloyment,  which  can  be 
completely  known  osm  to  those  who  have  beeii 
fimilialy  situated. 


#T 


'-iift,'''! 


■    •t^j 


#^-^ 


^ 


"% 


-•* 


#) 


I 


.k^ 


■;«  ■  "'* 


%,.  ■  #^  .;.. 


^■';-%,       ,>SE 


\  '■^"'*1! 


^'^  ^'    T^-.  ■ 


.i^.Mi^ 


# 


^■■ 


H¥ 


■■**,■;* 


■.^- 


'■-^.-■V-' 


^M 


SI48 


n'  » 


AT    aJLA. 


>.it 


mt 


-'t' 


C      v.. 


'-.ilff 


LETTER  XVm. 


"  K 


,i*- 


.^,- 


.   ** 


;i' 


'#* 


But  the  period  granted  for  such  indulgence  was 
not  of  long  duration,  for,  on  the  following  morning, 
the  Tonnant,  Ramilies,  and  two  brigs,  stood  to 
sea,  and  on  die  26th,  the  rest  of  the  fleet  got  under 
weigh,  and  followed  the  Admiral.  It  is  impossible 
to  conceive  a  finer  sea- view  than  this  general*  stir 
presented.  Our  fleet  amounted  now  to  upwards 
of  fifty  sail,  many  of  them  vessels  of  war,  which* 
shaking  loose  their  topsails,  and  lifthig  dieir  an- 
chors at  the  same  moment,  gave  to  Negril  Bay  an 
appearance  of  bustle  such  as  it  has  seldom  been 
able  to  show.  Li  half  an  hour  all  the  canvas  was 
set,  and  the  ships  moved  slowly  and  proudly  firom 
dieir  anchorage,  till  having  cleared  the  headlands, 
and  caught  the  fair  breeze  which  blew  wit|iout, 
:kfii§y  bounded  over  the  water  widi  the  speed  of 
eagles,  and  long  before  dark,  the  coi^st  of  Jamaica 
had  disappeared*  i 

,  There  is  something  in  rapidity  of  ]^otion>^l 
the»r  it  be  ali^g  a^b  road,  or  across  the  (^p^ 
jixtremely  elevating;  ;^nor  wasjts  effect  unpeccelpr- 
ed  pQ  the  present  occasion.     It  is  true,  that  there 
were  other  causes  for, the  hig|^  sj^ints  which  nqw 


H' 


0^ 


,♦ 


^ 


'•#■- 


0 


^v*. 


^^, 


lulgencewas 
ing  morning) 
igs,  stood  to 
eet  got  under 
is  impossible 
s  general' stir 
vsr  to  upwards 
)f  war,  which* 
Eting  their  an- 
NegrilBayan 

i  seldom  been 
he  canvas  was 
1  proudly  from 
heheadtlands. 
blew  wili^out, 

I  the  speed  of 
3ftst  of  Jamaica 


►fipotioiirfr»i|" 
cross  Ac  ^Bspt 
f-ct  unpercehF- 
true,  that  there 
pts  which  PQW 


A^  IBA. 


249 


pervaded  th«  armament,  InH  I  question  if  any  one 
WAS  more  efficient  in.  their  production,  than  the 
astonishing  rate  of  our  sailing.    Whether  the  busi- 
ness we  were  about  lo  undertake  would  prove 
bloody,  or  the  reverse,  entered  not  into  the  con- 
templation of  a  single  individual  in  the  fleet    The 
sole  sulject  of  remark  was  the  speed  with  which 
we  got  over  the  ground,  andlhe  probability  that 
existed  of  our  soon  reaching  the  point  of  debarka- 
tion.   The  change  of  climate,  likewise,  was  not 
inthout  its  effect  in  producing  pleasutBble  sensa- 
ttilivns.  The  farther  we  got  from  Jamaica,  the  more 
cool  and  agreeable  became  the  atmosphere;  which 
led  us  to  hope  diat,  in  spite  of  its  southern^  lati- 
tude, N<ctW  Orleans  would  not  be  found  so  op- 
pressivaely.  hot  as  we  had  been  taught  to  expect; 
^^m^lie  bKeeze  continuing  to  last  without  inter- 
^    /luptkny  on  the  29th  we  came  in  sight  of  the 
.  isUHidof  Grand  Cayman.    This  is  a  small  speck 
in  the^iddle  of  the  sea,  lying  so  near  the  level 
of  tht  water,   as  to  be  unobservabie  at  any 
considsrable  distance.    Though  we  passed  along 
with  prodigioas  vek>city,  a  canoe  neverthdess 
ventured  off  from  the  shore,  and  making  its  way 
thMH\|^  waves  which  looked  as  if  th^  would 
^w«ll<^itup,  succeeded  ||  reaching  our  vessel. 
it  contained  a  white  man  mid  two  negroes,  mbo 
brought  off  a  quantity  of  fine  turde,  which  they 
pavt  us  in  eiM^hange  for  salt  pork ;  and  so  j^at 


M- 


-^■ 


"'  .  -fi 


ft 


r\'- 


V 

■4" 


I*  ''J 


t"^ 


H 


r., 


\'i 


) 


I  ^». 


il 


m 


* 


^ 


Ci^ 


^i 


250 


AT  8&A. 


vmB  die  value  put  upon  salt  proyisions,  that  the^ 
bartered  a  pound  and  a  half  of  the  one  for  a  pound 
of  the  other.  To  us  the  exchange  was  very  ac- 
ceptable, and  thus  both  p^ies  remained  satisfied 
with  their  bargain. 

Having  lain  to  till  our  turtle  merchants  left  us, 
we  again  filled  and  stood  our  course.    The  land 
of  Cayman  was  so^n  invisible ;  nor  was  any  otb^ 
perceived  till  the  2d  of  December,  when  the 
western  shores  of  Cuba  presented  themsejve^ 
Towards  them  we  now  directed  the  ship's  ||j|fkdf 
and  reaching  in  within  a  few  miles  of  the  bi^f;)^ 
coasted  along  till  we  had  doubled  the  promonl^ 
whidi  forms  one  of  the  jaws  of  the  Me;(ican  gu)f. 
Wh2e  keeping  thus  close  to  the  j^ons,  our  sail 
was  more  interesting  than  usual,  for  though  this 
side  of  Cuba  is  low,  it  b  still  picturesque,  from  J^e 
abundance  of  wood  with  which  it  is  ornament^ 
There  are  likewise  several  points  where,  hugf 
rocks  rise  perpendicularly  out  of  the  wat^,  pre** 
senting  the  appearance  of  old  baronial  castles,  wldi 
^ir  battlements  and  lofty  turrets ;  and  it  wiU 
easily  be  believed,  that  none  of  these  escaped  our 
observation.    The   few  books  which   we,  li^d 
%ou^  to  sea,  wereall  read,  many  of  them  ^ice 
and  three  times  throp^  f  and  there  now  i^main^ 
nodiing  to  amuse,  except  what  the  variety-  of  the 
voyage  could  produce.  ;^ 

Butthe  shores  of  Cuba  were  quM^Vlypassedy'on^ 


-■#. 


#. 

Af^  SEA. 


351 


flie  old  prospect'of  sea  and  fiky  again  met  the  gaze. 
There  was,  however,  one  cfacnmstance,  from  which 
inre  experienced  a  considerable  diminution  of 
doiiifort.  As  soon  as  ire  entered  th6  gulf,  a  short 
disagreeable  swell  was  perceptible ;  differing  in 
some  respects  irom  that  in  the  Bay  of  Kscay,  but 
to  my  mind  infinitely  more  unpleasant.  So  great 
was  the  motion,  indeed,  that  all  walking  was  pre- 
vented ;  but  as  we  felt  ourselves  drawing  every 
hour  nearer  and  nearer  to  the  conclusion  c^  our 
miseries,  this  additional  one  was  borne  without 
much  re',  ning.  Besides,  we  found  some  amuse- 
%lent  in  watching  from  the  cabin  windows,  the 
quanti^  and  variety  of  weed  with  which  the  sur- 
fece  of  this  gulf  is  covered.  Where  it  originally 
grows,^^!  could  not  leam,  though  I  should  think 
Most  probably  in  the  gulf  itself;  but  following 
'  ^e  cdiffse  of  the  stream,  it  floats  continually  in 
'line  ^lectioi ;  going  round  by  the  opposite  coast 
^bf  Ctiba,  towards  the  banks  of  Newfoundland,  and 
extending  sometimes  as  far  as  Bermuda  and  the 
Western  Isles. 

It  is  not,  however,  my  intention  to  continue  the 
detail  of  this  voyage  longer  than  may  be  interest- 
big  iFihall  therefore  merely  state,  that,  the  wind 
ahd'^eather  having  undergpine  some  variatbns^  it 
was  the  10^  of  December  before  the  shores  of 
America  could  be  discerned.  On  that  day  we 
foundourselves  opposite  to  the  Chanddeur  Iskuids, 


** 


^M 


M 


^ 


m- 


f" 


'im 


<^  * 


^* 


1% 


^i 


W 


.,fe' 


,1' 


#    - 


I'' 


4^ 


^■■^ 


ff^ 


'4^ 


*,   «, 


NEW    ORLEANS. 

and  near  the  entrance  of  Lake  Borgne.  There  thtf 
fleet  anchored,  that  the  troops  might  be  removed 
from  the  heavy  ships,  into  such  as  drew  least 
water ;  and  from  this  and  other  preparations,  it 
appeared,  that  to  ascend  this  lake  was  the  plan 
determined  upon. 

But  before  I  pursue  my  narrative  farther,  it  will 
be  well  if  I  endeavour  to  ghre  some  account  of  the 
situation  of  New  Orleans,  and  of  die  nature  of 
die  country  against  which  our  operations  were 
directed. 

New  Orleans  is  a  town  of  some  note,  containing 
from  twenty  to  thirty  thousand  inhabitants.  It 
stands  upon  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  in 
MP  north  latitude,  and  about  110  miles  from  th^ 
Gulf  of  Mexico.  Though  in  itself  uitfortified,  it 
is  difficult  to  conceive  a  pbcc  capable  of  present-' 
jng  greater  obstacles  to  an  invader;  and  at  thcf 
same  dme  more  conveniendy  situated  with  respect 
to  trade.  Being  built  upon  a  narrow  neck  of  land, 
confined  on  one  side  by  the  river,  and  on  the  idler 
by  impassable  morasses,  its  means  of  defence  tt* 
quire  litde  explanation ;  and  as  dieae  morasses 
extend  only  a  few  miles,  and  are  succeeded  by 
Lake  Pontchartrain,  which  again  communicates 
through  Lake  Borgne^*  with  the  sea,  its  peculiar 

*  These  are,  properly  speaking,  one  and  the  same 
lake.  From  the  entrance,  however,  as  far  as  Ship 
Island,  is  called  by  |^(^A||^tants  Lake  Borgne,  and 
all  above  that  point  ^^P- under  the  name  of  Lake 


f-    " 


#4S 


«r-r-Wl»»s% '-:'"■>■ 


if'    '"'■m,  J' 


*  *>■•■>. 


9 


m' 


9fS 


lis  byiMawMf  %iMMr«MHw  Ukes,  ii 
|||f.  n||9i;^ll|pe  iiM^M«NM4«lM|wm  the  city 

|Bi|p  of  IM  ccwnlry,  a  Bayeu  or  Bayoufce,  iwwi 

ilMMor  nfSfiela  drawuig  less  tiuin  tbc  feet  waler, 

lifH^g  W  #WN^  Ae  iiHursh,  ^nAm^Mm 

y^m^ ^^^  ^om*    The  n  me  of  ihie \^k 

i%tt^  Slif»«I^N<Mt^  iohn,  and  ke  cnttanoe  ii 

defended  by  worh»of  con9iderab'«?  8£w|0itei-*  ,i|, 

■.JM  t!Pf«9t|Hfa^  iUkfidvantages  in  a  moredieliikt 

P(Mnt  qE,jieiy,  4t  will  be  necessaiy  toMf  a  i  '^' 

^P%>iW|»cting  that  mighty  river  upa;  vhifib^jt 

i|Ml4l%3^^"ifw>PI>i>  (a  corruption  tf  th^Woli 

^fe^li^liHi  signifying,  in  the  language  of  the  n» 

t|liPr^#MB9Aker  of  rivers/)  i»  allowed  tobeinfe^ 

^mWm^^  sj»e  and  geneilRl.«iavi{r^brHty,  t9 

%MiSiPlH<^igthe  world.  Aeeording  to  the  Stom 

i|idi^|||ijrt9]^es4ta9  fise  from  d  hvge  awAmp«  and 

'illMillsedby  many  rivers  >emptyiii|ptlMflMidl«tf 

H^I&M9NQi|H»e«8€u^a84heM 

^^Mmmvmmim  ^ipwa^t^  )£^8^»e!ij|MtidMB# 

Iqig^ilMttits^aDutce.    Bat  tfabfelHijivihM^^ 

%iiiilQl'll  ioc|^i|vor?'i>'a8roaa'.^iehSgiKeH^^ 

•>h(HMlHplii>  $Bft  f jffiMldi^Mkif  iw4N^  ii  l^www 

^|«  ^  huadi^,lW|piea£irpp  die  stK^^^i^ 


vsiyiug  from  ISf  f9^6^te 


# 


'Aw-        >r 


ttr.       •'^1 


/^/l 


#... 


5-»  ■•«-| 


■3 


I; 


I 


J 


f-M. 


254 


NEW  0RJ^:^Afl5, 


i# 


thtifferie  the  whcjj^  course  gftl\|g|i^issij^,  Ipni 
it&^i^ing  to  its  mout^^  may  be  pomputed  at  litde 
short  of  5,000  miles.  ,    „  ^         ^      • 

Below  tlj^  fall  of  ^t  ^pthony,  a|^«  the  Mi^ 
sissippi  is  joined  by  a  number  ofsriyi^i^  pqnddei^ 
blein  point  of  ^ze,  ik^d  leading.out  of  almost  eviei^« 
part  of  .the  contipent  of  America.  .  Tliese  are  ^Ip 
St.  Pierre,  which  comes  fijr.i  the  west;  St.  Crc^i^, 
fipm  the  east;  the  Moingona,  which  is  said  to  run     % 
150  leagues  from  the  west,  ^d  ^rmsi  a  juncticHi    H' 
about  25^ below  the  fall;  and  the. Ulinois,  whic]^ 
rises  near  the  Lake  Michigan,  ^OOieagues  eaft  of 
the  Mississippi. 

But  by  far  the  most  impprtant  qf  .thes^  i^xili^ 
streams  is  the  Missouri,  the  source  of  which  is  as 
little  known  as  that  of  the  Father  of  Hiye|:^bii|)s^^ 
Jt  has  been  followed  by  traders  upwards,  of  400 
leagues,  who  traffic  with  the  #ibes  whiqh  dwell 

o  v:  ■^-  ■■■■*-■        -;      •%♦-. 

upon  its  banks,  and  obtain  an  Immense  retuipnfpr 
Jplu^peaQ  goods,  u  The, mouth  of  this  river  is  fi,vs.« 
leagv^S  below  that  of  the  Illinois,  and.  is  supposed 
.  to  Jb^  8Q0irom  its  source,  which,  judging  fr^in  the 
^OT«r^pt  its  waters,  lies  in, a  north-\vest  ||irection 
from  d^e.  Mississippi.  It  is  r^madj:al^e  eji^ug^, 
^t  thie'  watei^  of  this  riyer  are  bls^ck  and  i|^|^y, 
|nd  prevail  oyer  those  of  the  J^ississipi)^,^  wl^c^), 
Cjp^^g  with  a  linear  and  gen^^  stream  tilUt,;^eets 
^th  |iis|d(JitiQi^  beconp  ftp^^^at  Uii^j^ 


^i^im^mv'^- 


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The  ^xtJM^  note  is  the  Ohio,  which^  taking 
lis  rise  near  iMe  E^ii^Vund  from  the  north-es^t  to 
die  south-ivest,  and  idinf^  the  Mississippi  about 
severity  lieagues  below  the  Missouri.  Besides  this, 
there  arie  the  St.  Francis,  an  inconsiderable  stream, 
^lip  the  Arkansas,  which  is  said  to  originate  in 
the  same  latitude  with  Santa  F6  in  New  Mexico, 
and  which,  holding  its  course  nearly  300  leagues, 
^^  ^  falls  in  about  200  above  New  Orleans.  Sixty 
leagues  below  the  Arkansas,  comes  the  Yazous 
from  the  north-east ;  and  about  fifty -eight  neater 
td  iflie^city,  is  the  Rouge,  so  called  from  the  colour 
of  its  waters,  which  are  of  a  reddish  dye,  and  tinge 
ihos6  of  the  Mississippi  at  the  time  of  the  floods, 
lb  spurde  is  in  New  Mexico,  and  after  running 
itovA  206  leagues,  it  is  joined  by  the  Noir  thirty 
H^s  above  the  place  where  it  empties  itself  into 
tfte  Mississippi.     '  *^ 

**  ^Of  411  these  rivers,  there  is  none  which  will  not 
^ti^er  the  purposes  of  commerce,  at  least  to  a  very 
'  tohsidiirable extent;  and  as  they  join  thfe  MisSis- 
.     sfppi  above  New  Orleans,  it  is  evident  thafthis 
city  mky  be  considered  as  the  general  mart  of  the 
whole'.    Whatever  nation,  therefore,  chdhces  to 
possess  this  place,  po  jisessesfin  reality  the  cothmarid 
of  il  greater  CMent  of  coilrttty  than  it  iricMded 
Wi^in  the  boundary  line  of  th#  wh6l6  United 
^  States ;  since  from  evei^  dir^tiofi  are  goods,  the 


produceef  East,  West, 


South  Atiieric^' 


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seiit4d«i^n  byiike  Mississippi  1o  the  Giitf.    Bai 

we^  New  Orleans  properly  supplied  with  Ibrtifi- 
Cfttions,  it  is  Evident  that  no  vessds  could  psias 
without  the  leave  of  its  governor ;  4ind  therefore 
is  it  that  I  cq|uider  that  city  as  of  greater  impor- 
tance to  the  At^eric»l' government,  than  any  o€|er 
within  the  compass  of  their  territories.' 
^Having  said  so  muchon  its  commercial advan- 
tsiges,  let  me  now  point  out  more  distinctly  thw  I 
have  yet  done,  the  causes  which  contribute  to  its 
safety  froni  all  hostile  attempts.  The  first  cf  these 
h  the  shallowness  of  the  river  at  its  mouth,  and  the 
extreme  rapidity  of  the  current.  After  flowing  or 
in  one  prodigious  sheet  of  water,  varying  in  dep^ 
from  one  hundred  to  thirty  fathoms,  the  Missit^ 
sippi,  previous  to  its  joining  the  Mexiofm  Gulf^ 
divides  into  four  or  five  mouths,  the  most  c^iab^ 
derable  of^hich  is  encumbered  by  a  sand^bank,' 
continually  liable^  to  shift.  Over  this  bank,  fio 
vessel  drawing  above  seventeen  feet  wator*  Otti 
pass;  when  once  across,  however,<^eipe  is  no 
longer  a  difficulty  in  being  boated ;  but  to  anchor 
is  hazardous,  on  account  of  the  huge  logs  iK^ich 
are  constantly  carried  down  the  stream.  Sittuld 
one  of  these 'Strike  the  bow  of  the  ship,  it  wtnrfd 
possibfydash  her  to  pieces ;  whiL,  itidependieitt 
of  thU,  there  h  alwkys  dsenger  of  driftingf^elr 
lo&ing  anchors^  owing  to  the  number  cf  sunk6h 
logd  ^^^i^  -^^e  llfll^^llrent  beara^albng  within 


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DETOVB.DES  ANCLA! 


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ft  ^eiilMiK'  the  bottom.  All  vessels  ascending 
die  river  are  acoordingly  obligedylf  the  wind  be 
foul,  to  make  last  to  die  trees  upon  the  banks;  be- 
cause, without  a  breeze  at  once  fair  and  powerful, 
it  is  impossibk  to  stem  the  torrent 

But  besides  dib  natural  obltacle  to  invasion,  the 
moudi  of  the  river  is  defended  by  a  fort,  which^ 
from  its  situation,  may  be  pronounced  impregna- 
ble. It  is  built  upon  an  artificial  causeway,  and  is 
surrounded  on  all  sides  by  swamps  totally  impei^i 
V40US,  which  extend  on  both  sides  of  the  river  to  a 
place  called  the  Detour  des  Anglaist  within  twenty 
miles  of  the  city.  Here  two  other  forts  are  erected, 
one  on  each  bank.  Like  that  at  the  river's  mouth, 
Aese  are  surrounded  by  a  marsh,  a  single  narrow 
pftth  conducting  from  the  commencement  of  firm 
ground  to  die  gates  of  each.  If,  therefore,,  an 
^emy  should  contrive  to  pass  both  the  bar  and  the 
first  f(Mrt^  he  must  here  be  stopped,  because  all 
kndiiig  is  prevented  by  the  nature  of  the  soil;  and 
however  fail  his  tu'eeze  may  have  hitherto  been, 
it  wUl  not  now  assist  his  farther  progress.  At  this 
point  the  Mississippi  winds  almost  in  a  circle,,  in- 
somuoh  that  vessels  which  arrive  are  necessitated 
IQ  jpmke  fast;  till  a  change  of  wind  occur. 
>:^  lrii||r|he  Detour  des  Anglais  towards  New  Or- 
leaitii^tt^faoe  of  the  country  undergoes  a^lltec* 
«tioiib  •  The  swamp  does  not,  indeed,  end,  bat  it 
iMrrows  off  to  the  I'igMfijlMlS  ^  ^P^^  ^  ^^ 


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groi^nd,  varying  from  three  tboie  Iriil^*  imtft, 
bctH^een  it  and  the  river.  At  the  back  |^  this 
swamPi  again,  which  may  be  about  six  or  eight 
mites  aci'oss,  come  up  the  waters  of  Lake  Pont- 
Cii  irti^in,  and  tes  a  neck  of  arable  land  is  formed, 
stir  U'hing  fbiiiomtS^way  above  the  city.  The 
whole  of  these  morasses  are  covered,  as  far  as  the 
Bbtour,  with  tall  reeds;  a  little  wood  now  liuccee<fe, 
skirting  the  open  country,  but  this  is  only  a  vriile  in 
depth,  when  it  again  gives  place  to  reeds.  Such 
is  ifi^e  sispect  of  that  side  of  the  river  upon  which 
.  tfie  city  is  built ;  with  respect  to  thtf  other,  t  cart 
peak  with  less  confidence,  having  seeii  it  but  cur- 
sorily, it  appears,  however,  to  resemble  this  iini^ 
almost  every  pai^cular,  except  that  it  is  nioiri 
wooded,  and  less  confined  with  marsh.  Both  sides 
are  flat,  containing  no  broken  ground,  or  arty  otl^ijp 
covc^r  for  ||iilitary  movements }  for.  on  the  open 
shore  there  are  no  trees,  Except  a  few  in  the  gar- 
dens of  those  houses  which  skirt  the  river,  the 
whole  being  laid  out  in  large  fields  of  '^u^iCSne, 
sepaorated  from  one  another  by  rails  and  dit<ch§s. 
*^  JF'rom  this  short  account  of  the  country,  thfe  «ld- 
vantages  possessed  by  a  defendin|||;rmy  must  be' 
apparent!  To  approach  by  the  rifefss  out  cftfffe 
question,  and  therefore  an  enbmy  ckii  la^'x^jr 
fi^^ili  the  Lake.  But  this  tdn  he  66aGim4M^i 
<^e<^Where  Weeks  or  bat/pusbHer  converilfendes  for 
%{il{))li^^,  Bei^lHJ^  bai\ks  6f  the  M^  are 


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ui>jiyei^^Jj^|jjn(a^py  j  and  can  lw(My  supply  foot- 
ing foir  infitntry,  «&r  less  for  the  tr^msportaticn  pf 
artillei^.  Of  these,  ho^v^verr  t}|^&^  not  above 
qf^pr  %yvo  whjich  coujji  1^  so  used.  The  Bayou  of 
S^.:^9h&is,one;  but  it  is  too  weU  def^ndipd,  and 
^ 'carefqlly  gwardfid  for  s|^:at^pts ;  and  the 
!|jp^on  of  Catilpe  is  another,  about  ten  miles  below 
^|^4;ity.f  That  this  last  might  be  found  useful  i^ 
an  ^i*ack,  was  proved  by  the  landing  effected  by 
our  army  i^t  diat  point;  but  what  is  the  cons<?r 
quence  ?  The  invaders  an*ive  upon  a  piecQvvt^q^ 
groiind,  where  the  most  consummate  generalship 
wi]l  be  of  little  avail.  If  the  defenders  can  b\^^^ 
i^jtardtlvsir  progress;  which,  by  crowding  thp 
!||is$issippi  with  armed  vesseli^^ay  veryeasijly  be 
^pne,  iJieiabour  of  a  few  days  will  cover  thb  n^^ 
\|^' neck  with  entrenchments ;  while  the  opposite 
banl<:,,  remaining  j|i  their  hands,  the;r|Can  at  all 
times  gall  their  enemy  with  a  close  mid  deadUiy 
cannon^e.  Of  wood,  as  I  have  already  said,  or 
b|:Ql^v  gi'<||nd  which  might  conceal  an  advance, 
theye^ists  not  a  particle.  Every  movement jcf 
'  thp  assailants  must,  therefore,  be  made  under  their 
^^yp^j^and  as  one  flank  of  their  army  will  be  as  weJl 
.fended  by  itiorass,  as  the  other  by  the  river,  they 
may  lH(^.<^ejOAnce  to  all  attempts  at  turning. 
, ,  S,nch  are  the  advantages  of  New  Orleans ;  md 
vpyr.  it  is  .only  ff^ii>  that  J.  should  |tate  its j^d-, 
i^nt^ges  i^jh^  ajjp  owing  solely  to  the  climate. 


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From  the  swamp  widi  which  it  is  |»i|raiiiifM, 
there  arise*  diningithe  summer  menths,  exhalationi 
extreme]^y  fatal  ti^  the  hrnUh  of  its  inhalitanta. 
For  some  months  of  the  jieai^  iodee^  ^  deadly,  jup 
tl^d  eflfects  of  1^  atmosphere,  -im  the  gaUR^spn  is 
with^wiij  am  most  of  the  fau)ilie»rr!i;tir?  IVaiqi 
^ir  houseis  to  more  genial  spots,  I^vnig  the  ttnp 
asmucKdesertedy  as  if  k  had  k  t^en  visite4  fey  la  j^. 
tilence^    Yet,  in  spite  of  th^epreGaur^ons,  agues 
acdintennittent  fevers  abound  here  at  al  tio<«& 
Nor  i&it  wonderful  that  this  should  be  th(^  case;  |br 
BMiependent  of  the  vile  air  which  tii;s  vicmjly  of 
if  so  xnany  putrid  swamps  occasicms,  this  country  is 
more  liable  than  perhaps  any  other,  to  sudden  an^ 
severe  changes  o£temperature.    A  night  of  kmn 
fix>st,  sufficiently  powerful  to  produce  ice,  a  quarter 
of  an  inch  in  thickae^is,  frequently  folloii^s  ^da|p 
of  intense  heat;  while  heavy  raipis  and  bright  su%- 
i^ne  often  succeed  each  other  several  times,  m 
ikt  course  of  a  few  hours.  But  these  ch^gesi  as 
may  be  supposed,  occur  only  during,  the  Ayinte^; 
Ate  summer  being  one  continued  series  of  intoler« 
able  heat  and  deadly  fog. 
#Of  all  these  circumstances,  the  conductors,<;^t(|^ 
present  expedition  were  not  ign(uaii1;>    To  re^u|| 
the  forts  which  command  the  navigation  of  t^ 
rivc^r^  it  vfoa  conceived^  was  a  task  too  dlilp^ciilt  t!P 
be  a|ttiemptedr>and  for  any  s|iips  tp^  pa^  wj^pi^t 
tere4MCtion,waspipossible.  Tlimjjp^tiaier^r^ 


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% 


Al^Ct  HOH^MBii 


291 


that  the  dbject  of  the  enterprize  was  unknown  to 
the  Aine#ioefi8,  Sir  Alexander  Cochrane  and  Ge- 
neral  Keane  detennined  to  effect  a  landing  some- 
i^ere  on  the  beuik^  of  die  Lake ;  andpushing  di- 
iecdjr  oh  to  take  possession  of  the  town,  before 
any -effectual  preparation  conld  m  made  for  its 
defence.  With  this  view  the  troops  were  re- 
moved  from  the  larger  into  the  lighter  vessels,  and 
these,  unde^  convoy  of  such  gun-brigs  as  the  shal- 
lowness of  the  water  would  float,  began  on  the 
13th  to  enter  Lake  Borgne.  But  we  had  not  pro- 
ceeded far,  when  it  was  apparent  that  the  Ameri-> 
cans  were  well  acquainted  with  our  intentions, 
iuhd  ready  to  receive  us.  Five  large  cutters,  armed 
#idi  six  heavy  guns  each,  wenfeseen  at  anchor  in 
^  distance,  and  as  all  endeavours  to  land,  till  these 
wen  captured,  would  have  been  useless,  the  tran- 
sports and  largest  of  the  gun-brigs  ^t  anchor, 
while  the  smaller  craft  gave  chase  to  me  enemy. 
But  these  cutters  were  built  purposely  to  act 
upon  the  Lake.  They  accordingly  set  sail,  as  soon 
as  the  English  cruisers  were  within  a  certain  dia» 
tance,  and  running  on,  were  quickly  out  of  sighti 
leaving  the  pmsuers  fast  aground.  To  permit 
them  to  remam  in  the  hsmds  of  the  enemy,  how? 
ever,  would  be  fatal,  because,  as  long  as  they  com^ 
inanded  the  navigation  of  the  Lake,  no  boats  could . 
irentifre  to  cross.  It  was,  therefore,  determined  at 
a^^zards,  aoid  at  any  expense,  to  ta^  thein;  and 

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sinoeour  Ughtfst  craft,  could  not  Host  wliere  thay 
sailed,  a  flotilla  of  launches  and  •hip's  baiges  was 
got  ready  for  the  purpose. 

This  flotilla  consisted  of  fifty  open  boats;  most 
of  them  armed  with  a  carronade  in  the  hour, 'and 
well  manned  with  Volunteers  fixHn  the  different 
sht|p  of  war.  The  command  was  given  to  Ci^ 
t^n  Lockier,  a  brave  and  skilfiflofficer^  wlblmmo- 
diately  pushed  off;  and  about  noon,  came  in  sig^ 
of  the  enemy,  moored  fore  and  aft,  with  the  broad- 
sides pointing  towards  him.  Having  pulled  a 
ccmsiderable  distance^  he  resolved  to  refiresh  his 
«  men  before  he  hurried  them  into  action;  and,  there* 
fore,  letting  fall  grappliogs  just  beyond  reach  6f 
the  enemy's  gun9||he  crews  of  the  different  boati 
coolly  ate  their  dinner.  i^^ 

As  soon  as  that  meal  was  finished,  and  an  hoiflp 
spent  in  r^g^ng,  the  boats  again  got  ready  to  ad* 
vance.  But,  unfortunately,  a  light  breeze  whidi 
had  hitherto  favoured  them,  now  ceased  to  blow* 
and  they  were  accordingly  compelled  to  make  way 
only  with  the  oar.  The  tide  also  ran  strong  against 
them,  at  once  increasing  their  labour,  and  retard- 
ing dfieir  progress;  but  all  these  difficulties  a^  ' 
peared  trifling  to  British  sailors  f  and  givni^an 
hearty  cheer,  they  moved  steadily  onward  in  Oiie 
extended  line. 

■^'^  wasnG|  long  before  the  enemy^s  guns  o{)eff«d 
upon  l^em,  and  a  tremendous  shower  of  balb 


>l^. 


'•^mii 


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giving"  an 
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of  baHs 


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.".} 


$»hited  thfiiftaptitfoichi  ^^86m«  boMi xrerd' sink, 
others  diaabled,  ^and  tittny  men^wei^  MWed  and 
wounded ;  but  the  rest  pulling  with  all  theintaight, 
ami'*  oceaskMiaUy  returning  the  discharges  from 
their  comrades,  succeeded,  after  an  hbur's  hbour, 
ki  closing  with  the  Americans.  The  maiines  now 
beg^n  a  deadly  discharge  of  musketry ;  whtli^e 
seamen,  sword  in  hand,  sprang  up  the  vessels' 
aides  m  spite  of  all  opposition ;  and  sabring  every 
roan  that  stobd  in  (he  way,  hauled  down  the  Aihcf^ 
rioan  ensign,  and  hoisted  the  British  flag  in  itsplicie. 
.'«'^'One  cutter,  however,  which  bofe  the  cdmmo^ 
don's  broad  pennant,  was  not  so  easily  subdiied. 
Having  noted  its  pre-eminence.  Captain  Locki^ 
^Urected  his  own  boat  against  |t;  and  happening 
to  have  placed  himself  in  one  of  the  lightest  and 
fitttest  ssnling  barges  in  the  flotilla,  he  found  him- 
alblf  along  side  of  his  enemy,  beforf|«ny  of  the 
eNhers  were  near  enough  to  render  him  the  smallest 
suppmt;    But  notnuig  dismayed  by  odds  so  fear<i 
fuf,  ^  gallant  crew  of  this  small  bark,  following 
tlieir  leader,  instantly  leaped  on  board  the  Ameiit? 
can. .  A  desperate  conflict  now  ensued,  in  whidP 
Captain  Lockki  received  several  severe  wounds; 
but  after' fighting' from  the  bow  to  die  stem,  thd 
enemy  were  atiengdi  overpowered ;  and  dthaf 
i^barges  coming  up  to  the  assistance  of  their  cOffl^ 
ilvnder,  the  commqdore'f  flag  shared  die  s&iAe||K| 
^1^  the  others.'  ■■■-  ^fm^A^M^J^''^"^^*^:^^ 


T^',  i ' 


WT  ' 


'l^t. 


• 


I         * 


^li^i 


# 


m 


t'- 


W-i 


^    \m 


m 


f 


* 


'<"i 


/' 


Mi 


LAifi  BOikGyE.% 


f.  *-l     ' 


I 


k^t 


A 


.>,, 

f 


^:  '-f 


«*■' 


^ji-*<..'^' 


'flavfaig'  thtflT'dkStroyed  all  opposhion'  in  tfiir 
quartef,  the  fleet  again  weighed  anchor,  and  stood        ^ 
lip  the  Lalee.    But  we  had  not  been  many  hours       v;< 
under  sail/ when  tdiip  after  ship  ran  agroundt 
SUch  as  still  floated  were,  therefore,  crowded  with 
the  troops  from  those  which  could  go  no  farther, 
till'llnally  the  lightest  vessel  stuck  fiist;  andL|he 
boats  were  of  necessity  hoisted  out,  to  carry  Is  a 
distance  of  upwards  of  thirty  miles.    To  be  conir 
fined  for  so  long  a  time,  as  the  prosecution  of  Ais 
voyage  would  require,  in  one  posture,  yfzs  of  itself 
MO  very  agreeable  prospect ;  but  the  confinement 
was  but  a  trifling  misery^  when  compared  with  that 
which  arose  from  the  diange  in  the  weather.    Iik* 
stead  of  a  constantjsracing  frost,  heavy  rains,  such 
as  an  inhabitant  of  England  cannot  dream  of,  and  J<j|^«i 
against  which  no  cloak  will  furnish  pfotectioq|2'^::^ 
began.     In  the  midst  of  these  were  the  troops  en^  ■■^^' 
barked  in  their  new  and  straitened  transports,  and 
each  division,  after  an  exposure  of  ten  hours,  land- 
ed upon  a  small  desert  spot  of  earth,  called  Pine 
Island,  where  it  was  determined  to  collect  the  whole 
Hhfny^  previous  to  its  crossing  over  to  thc^main. 

Hian  this  spot,  it  is  scarcdy  possiblevt^imagine 
Ipll^ place  more  completelyvnttched.  «|t«<ipsa 
tfwftmp,  containing  a  small  space' of  firm|;«aito9d 
l#«me'end,  and  almost  wholly  unadomech^iiiK< 
b^ai^sort  or^descriplioB.  There^wer«(A 
l^jPiSt^d  firs  upofi^ihe^i-veiy  edgai«iil(e 


*( 


V  -  ^^       ?:-  t'    ..1. 


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n  thir 

stood 

hours 
■oundi 
>dwidi 
Earther, 
indithe 
ry  TO  a 
be  eatit 
1  of  dais 
of  itself 
inefnent 
jviththftt 
er.    Inc 

*l8,9UCh 

a  of,  and ^^^V 
•otecticM^^ 
Bopsen^ 
orts,  and  . 
irs,  land- 
lied  Pine 
the  whole 

e,  main. 
Qf  ima^ne 

im' 


med 

weMj^M 


PlMlbltlAVB^^ 


atf 


# 


^4rRter;  but  theM  were  so  .dimiiiutive  in.siaefas 
hardly  to  deserve  an  higher  daaaification  than 
among  the  meanest  of  shrubs.  The  interior  was 
the.resort  of  Wild  ducks  and  other  water  fowl ;  and 
tiMipools  and  creeks  with  which  it  was  intercepted 
abounded  in  dormant  aligators.   ; 

Upon  this  miserable  desert,  the  army  W9§a9- 
lemoled,  without  tents  oi  huts,  or  any  covering  to 
belter  them  from  the  inclemency  of  the  weather  : 
and  in  truth  we  may  fairly  affirm,  that  our  hardships 
had  here  their  commencement.  After  having  been 
exposed  all  day  to  a  cold  and  pelting  rain,  we 
landed  upon  a  barren  island,  incapable  of  fumish- 
jng  even  fuel  enough  to  suj^ply  our  fires.  To  add 
to  our  miseries,  as  night  closed,  the  rain  generally 
Ceased^  and  severe  frosts  set  in  ;  which  congealing 
^mr  wet  clothes  upon  our  bodies,  left  litde  animal 
warmthteP^  keep  the  limbs  in  a  state  of  activity . 
md  the  consequence  was,  that,  many  of  the 
Wretched  negroes,  to  whom  frost  and  cold  were 
altoge^er  new,  fell  fast  asleep,^  and  perished  be- 
fore morning. 

For  provisions,  again,  we  were  entirely  depei- 

dent  updn  the  fleet.     There  were  here  no  living 

creaturts  which  would  sufier  themselves  to. lie 

icmightf^even  the  water  xbwls  being  so  timotoup, 

imiat  it  wasi  imi)ossibie  to  approach  the^wit^ 

^usket  shot  ■.  S%  raeat.  and  ship  biscu||^i|p9e; 

¥^me£otc,  ourfood^moistenedby  ^psOAll^aUowaiice 


i>» 


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if 


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■<«. 


.i 


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of  fum }  farq,  whkh,  though  no  daubt  very  whoMjk 
spme^  w«8  not  si|ch  as.to  reconcile  us  to  the  cold 
and  wet  under  whicl^  we  suffered.  « 

On  the  part  of  the  ntny,  aggin,^  all  these  hard* 
ships  were  'experienced  in  a '  four^fold  de§|ce. 
Night  and  day  were  boats  pulling  from  the  fleet 
to  dK  island,  and  from  the  island  to  the  fleet ;  Jv  it 
was  the  21st  before  all  the  troops  were  got  on  snore) 
and  as  there  was  little  time  to  inquire  into  men's  turns 
of  labour,  many  seamen  were  four  or  five  days 
cpntinually  at  the  oar.    Thus,  they  had  not  only  to 
bear  up  against  variety  of  temperature,  but  against 
hunger,  faugne,  and  want  of  sleep  in  additionl 
three  as  fearful  burdens  as  can  be  laid  upcm  the 
human  frame.  Yet,  in  spite  of  all  this,  not  a  mur- 
mur noi;  a  whisper  of  complaint  could  be  heard 
throughout  the  whole  expedition.    No  man  ap-< 
peared  to  regard  the  present,  while^very  one 
looked  forward  to  the  future.    From  the  General 
down  to  the  youngest  drum-boy,  a  confident  antkv 
cipation  of  success  seemed  to  pervade  all  mnks^l 
and  in  the  hope  of  an  ample  reward  in  store  tor 
them,  die  toils  and  grievances  of  the  moment  were  ^ 
forgotten.    Nor  was  this  anticipation  the  mere  off-  w 
^l^g  of  an  over- weaning  confidence  in  themselveat. 
Sf^yeral  Americans  had  already,  deserted,  who  m»f- 
tertamed,i|f)  with  accounts  of  the  alarm  e:(pQ#^ 
ri^i§ed  at  Kew  Orleans.    TIi|y  assured  us  th^ 
there  were  not  at  present  5»O0Q  soldier»i^ifi>^l^ 


# 


H' 


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i.--. 


nrhoilv    '" 
lecoldi 

* 

be  fleet 

1  shore  I 
^s turns  • 
ire  days 
tonfyto 
tagainBt 
dditioQS 
iipon  the 
ttamur-   • 
3e  heard 
man  iqN* 
pery  onfr 
General^ 
ent  antip^ 
Iranks^ 
store  for 
kent  were 
mere  off- 
imselveii. 

who  iQitti. 

m  ej^ppi^ 

usth^, 


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^te  $  thillheiirincipal  inhabhftiits  had  bng  ago 
Mt  the  pUiNfj  diat  such  as  tamaintfd  w^  rt^df 
to  join  us  as  soon  as  we  should  app^'iimong 
them ;  and  that,  thefeforc||  we  might  lay  our  ac- 
eonnt  w  iih  a  speedy  and  bloodless  t:6nquest.  The 
same  persons  likewise  dilated  upon  the  wealth  and 
hn|b[tatice  of  the  town,  upon  the  large  quantities 
dl^vemment  stores  there  collected,  and  the 
riah  booty  which  would  reward  its  capture;  sub- 
jjbots'  well  calculated  to  tickle  the  fancy  of  inva^ 
§tf^  and  to  make  them  unmindful  of  immediate 
afflictions,  in  the  expectation  of  so  grefit  a  re- 
fomlMnse.  - 


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AND. 


LSl^l^^  XIX. 


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y^mhi.  the  troopswere  thus  .assembling, aij|Mn» 
bassy  was  dispatched  to  the  Chactaws,  a'tnlr^^ 
■  S  Indians  vvith  whom  our  government  €haiicf:4:r|o 
be  ip  alliance*  Along  with  tihisembassage.l^;i^ 
the  good  forti'.ne  to  be  sent;  and  a  most  amusing 
expi^^tion  it  proved  to  be.  .       r  ->^ 

We  set  sail  in  alight  schooner,  and  tunning 
along  die  coast  till  we  came  to  a  distridt  «not  fsi$ 
from  Apalachicola,  pushed  our  vessel  into^  creekf 
and  landed.  Proceeding  a  short  distance  from  ^S^ 
shore,  we  arrived  at  a  considerable  settlement  9C 
these  savs^ges ;  as  singular  a  collectiQ||Qf  bumap 
'  habitatioiis  as  ever  I  beheld.  It  consisted  of  411^ 
wards  of  thirty  huts,  composed  df  teecj^  j^ 
branches  of  trees,  erecjed  in  the  heart  of  a<wpcd^ 
without  any  regard  to  form  or  reg^lari^ ;  ^ch 
hut  standing  at  a  short  distance  from  the^st^  At 
the  doors  of  these  hut^^^^t  the  men^  Invposture  off 
^  most;  perfect  indUence,  with  their  knees  bdht 
tqpwardl^  their  elbows  resting  upon  their  kneef, 
an^  theiir  diins  upon  their  han49.  Not  a  siionA  * 
wa$  interchange  between  i|»n:  and  man,  whiit 
ihey  appe^i»|  if^  be  jtptaUy  ^bB(^j^  each  inHus 


-!• 


■^ 


Ite 


^^^■^■ 


A 


►  :^^ 


'^^.-.I^i 


l¥  *  j: 


imusing 

tunning 
;-not  Iwf 
» jt  creekf 

fromtlm 
Lcmcn|,Q| 


'4 


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'% 


M 


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■  /o 


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<l 


.^• 


FIITE  tSLANO. 


S69 


a 


%wn  private  contemplations.  The  wot 
ever,  were  differently  employed.  Upor 
deed,  all  the  toil  of  domestic  economy 
have  devoived;  for  thep  were  carrying  water, 
S[Jitting  wo^d,  lighting  fires,  and  cooking  provi- 
sbns.  Some  children,  though  ndfc  so  many  as  one 
wcHiild  have  expected,  from  the  extent  of  the  set- 
tlement, were  likewise  playing  about ;  but  their 
sports  had  little  of  the  spirit  of  European  games ; 
and  frequently  ended  in  quarrels  and  combats. 

On  our  approach,  two  men  rose  from  the  doors 
of  their  huts,  and  came  to  meet  us.  These  jnroved 
to  be  the  chief,  and  the  principal  warrior  of  the 
tribe ;  the  first  an  elderly  infirm  person,  and  the 
last  a  man  of  fierce  countenance,  prolubly  about 
tile  age  of  forty.  They  were  not^^^^r,  dis- 
tinguished from  their  countrymen^^^Hpeculi- 
ail^ty  of  dress ;  being  arrayed,  as  thNIRs  were^ 
m  bu&lo  hides,  with  a  loose  scarf  of  cotton  thrown 
oyer  one  shoulder,  and  wrapped  round  their  loins ; 
the  iize  of  their  ornaments  alone  indicated  that 
they  were  persons  of  consequence,  the  king  having 
two  broad  pieces  of  gold  suspended  firom  his  ears, 
and  bracelets  of  die  same'metal  round  his  wrists ; 
^ile  the  warricxr's  ears  were  graced  with  silver 
rings,  and  a  whole  Spanish  dollar  hung  from  his 
nose.  With  these  men.  Colonel  Nickdls  of  the 
Marines,  who  conducted  the  embassy,  was  well 
acquainted,  having  been  previously  appointed  Ge* 

M  m 


€ 


m 


# 


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-/"v> 


,►*! 
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I 
I 


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%, 


of  all  their  forces ;  and  they  therefoie 
to  us  the  right  hand  of  friendship,  and 
us  into  the  largest  hut  in  the  town. 
The  rest  of  the  warriois  were  \fy  this  time  roesed 
from  their  lethargy,  and  soon  ht^a  to  crowd 
about  us ;  so  that  in  a  few  minutes  the  hut  wat 
filled  with  upwards  of  an  hundred  savages,  ;^ch 
holding  in  his  hand  the  fatal  tomahawk,  and  hav- 
ing his  scalping  knife  suspended  from  a  belt 
fastened  rourd  his  middle.  The  scene  was  now 
truly  singular.  There  is  a  solemnity  about  the 
manner  of  an  Indian  chief  extremely  imposing ; 
and  this,  joined  with  the  motions  which  were 
meant  to  express  welcome,  compelled  me,  almost 
in  spite  ^^py self,  to  regard  these  half- naked 
wretclM^^^n^eneration. 

Wil^^^Vm,  complexion,  and  costume  of  ah 

>  AmericMlmiian,  most  Englishmen  are  well  ac- 
q)Kiinted.  In  stature,  they  hardly  come  up  to  the 
common  height  of  an  European,  and  in  appear- 

;  ance  of  robustness  they  are  greatly  inferior,  being 
generally  spare  and  slender  in  their  make. .  Nor, 
indeed,  do  they  at  all  equal  the  natives  of  Europe 
in  strength.     Their  agility  is  superior  to  ours,  l^it 

•7  in  muscular  power  they  fall  much  short  of  us. 
Their  complexion  is  a  dark  red,  resembling  bricfc- 
dufit  radier  than  copper ;  their  hair  is  universally 
long,  coarse,  and  Wack ;  they  have  little  or  no 
'  jeard,  and  the  body  is  entirely  smooth.     Tbeil' 


ffi«.  1-K 


ft- 


■  M'. 


,->«•■•' 


/ 


V 


•  PIN£  ISZ.AND. 

feaflures  are  bi|^,  and  might  perhaps  be  regular, 
were  nature  left  to  herself;  but  they/ are  usually 
twisted  and  dii^torted  into  the  most  frightful 
shapes,  with  the  view  of  adding  to  the  ferodity  of 
their  looks.  Their  dress  is  of  the  simplest  kind, 
consisting  partly  of  the  skins  of  wild  beasts,  and 
party  of  a  scarf,  made  of  cotton  cloth.  For  their 
lepand  feet  they  have  no  covering,  and  instead  of 
a  cap,  they  wear^their  oun'^hair  twined  iiito  a  knot, 
and  ornamented  with  various  coloured  feathers. 
Besides  the  tomahawk  and  scalping  knife,  each 
man  is  armed  with  a  rifle  or  firelock,  in  the  use  of 
which  they  are  exceedin^^ly  dexterous. 

The  women,  again,  are  as  much  the  reverse  of 
beautiful  as  it  is  easy  to  conceive.  Being  forced 
by  their  husbands  to  undergo  the  greatest  fatigues, 
st&d  to  perform  the  most  menial  offices,  their  air 
has  in  it  nol})ing  of  the  commanding  dignity 
which  characteriz<^s  #at  of  the  men.  On  the  con- 
trary, they  are  timid  and  sen'ile,  never  approaching 
the  otfeer  bex  without  hum  prostrations ;  while 
their  shape  is  spoiled  by  hiird  labour,  and  their 
features  didigured  witli  ornaments.  Whenever 
the  tribe  marches,  the  re  baded  with  the  children, 
and  all  culinsury  uteusMs,  the  haughty  warrior  con- 
descending to  CMTy  na<:hiifig  except  his  arms ;  and 
as  soon  as  it  halts,  they  i*e  condemned  to  toil  for 
the  benefit  of  the  men,  who  throw  themselves 
upon  the  ground,  and  doze  till  daeir  meal  is  pre- 
pared. 


M 


% 


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~-^1 


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27R 


VI|rS  ISLAND. , 


« 


But  I  must  not  attempt  to  descnbe  the  maiHMfft 
and  customs  of  this  strange  people,  which  have 
been  so  frequently  and  so  much  better  described 
already.  I  would  rather  relate  such  incidents  as 
fell  under  my  own  immediate  observation,  without 
suffering  my  simple  narrative  to  aim  at  a  dignity 
to  which  it  is  not  entitled.  |, 

Having  brought  with  us  an  interpreter,  we  #tee 
informed  by  him  that  the  king  declined  entering  . 
upon  business  till  after  the  feast.  This  was 
speedily  prepared,  and  laid  out  upon  the  grass,  con^ 
sisting  of  lumps  of  Buffalo  flesh,  barely  warmed 
through,  and  swimming  in  blooo;  with  cakes  c^ 
Indian  com  and  manioc.  Of  \js  and  plates, 
there  were  none.  The  meat  was  brought  in  the 
hand  of  the  females  who  had  dressed  it,  and  placed 
upon  the  turf;  the  warriors  cut  jlices  from  it  with 
their  knives ;  and  holding  the  flesh  in  one  handy 
and  the  cake  in  the  other,  €iey  eat,  as  I  thoughti 
rather  sparingly,  and  in  profound  silence.  Besides 
these  more  substantial  viands,  ttierc  were  likewise 
some  minced- meats  of  an  extrawdinary  appearance, 
served  up  upon  dried  hides.  Of  these  the  company 
seemed  to  be  particularly  fond,  dipping  their  hands 
into  them  without  ceremony,  and  thus  conveying^ 
the  food  to  their  mouth.  ;  but  for  my  own  part.  I 
found  it  sufliciently  difficult  to  partake  of  tl^i<aw 
fleshf  and  could  not  overcome  my  loaiifaing  sc  much 
ab  to  taste  the  mince. 


#^ 


•-■■f" 


'} 


m^ 


I* 


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i-.Mk- 


ik. 


^ 


* 


Vlfl^LAlrB. 


i,  .. 


21* 


1 


When  thjft  reninant  of  the  food  was  irfeinoved,  an 
abundant  supply  of  mm,  which  these  people  had 
received  from  our  fleet,  was  produced.  Of  thb 
they  ftwallowed  large  potations ;  and,  as  the  spirit 
took  effect,  their  taciturnity  gave  way  before  it ; 
tiflat  last,  speaking  all  together,  each  endeavoured, 
by  ilevating  his  voice,  to  dro'vm  the  voices  of  his 
companions,  and  a  tremendous  shouting  was  the 
consequence.  Springing  from  the  ground,  where 
hitherto  Ihey  bad  sat  cross-legged,  many  of  them 
likewise  began  to  jump  about,  pnd  exhibit  feats  of 
activity ;  nor  was  I  without  apprehension  that  this 
riotous  banquet  would  end  in  bloodshed.  The  king 
and  chief  warrior  alone  still  retained  their  senses 
sufficiently  unclouded  to  understand  what  was 
said.  From  them,  therefore,  we  obtained  a  pro- 
mise,  that  the  tribe  would  afford  to  the  expedition 
every  assistance  in  their  power ;  after  which  we 
retired  for  the  night  to  a  hut  assigned  for  our  ac- 
commodation,  leaving  our  wild  hosts  to  contmue 
the  revel  as  long  as  a  single  drop  of  spirits  re* 
mained. 

On  the  following  morning,  having  presented  the 
wavriors  with  muskets  and  ammunition,  we  de- 
ported,  taking  with  us  tiie  two  chiefs  at  their  owii 
request.  For  this  joumef  they  had  equipped 
them&K^lves  in  a  most  extraordinary  manner; 
making  their  appearance  in  scarlet  jackets,  which 
they  had  obtained  from  Colonel  NickcUs,  old  fa- 


^t'f^ 


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smbnQd^teel-boundcockedhsits^andslioes*  Trpw- 
smi  they  would  not  wear,  bi|t  permitted  th<si^ 
lo^er  parts  tc  Fc^iain  with  no  other  covering  tei 
a^rdle  tied  round  their  loins ;  and  stici(i».g  ficalpf 
ing  k|tfyes  m  their  belts,  and  holding  tomahawks 
in  their  hands,  they  accompanied  us  to  the  fleet, 
and  took  up  their  residence  with  the  Admiral,^ 

In  the  mean  time,  the  disembarkation  was  going 
on  with  much  spirit.  The  cutters  being  taken, 
and  all  difficulties  removed,  the  troops  began,  cmi 
the  16th,  to  quit  the  ship?^  and  on  the  21st,  were 
assembled  in  force  upon  Pine  Island.  But  before 
they  could  cross  over  to  the  main,  it  was  necessary 
that  some  arrangements  should  be  made,  and  that 
the  difierenl  battalions  should  be  divided  into 
corps  and  brigades.  With  this  design,  General 
Keane  reviewed  his  army  on  the  22d,  and  distil- 
buted  it  into  the  following  order. 

Ii^tead  of  a  light  brigade,  he  determined  to  form 
three  battalions  into  an  advanced  guard.  The  re- 
giments appointed  to  this  service,  were  the  4th, 
85th,  and  95th ;  and  as  an  officer  of  courage  and 
enterprising  talent  is  required  to  lead  the  advance 
of  an  army,  they  were  put  under  the  command  of 
Xi^olonel  Thornton.  Attached  to  this  corps  of  in- 
fantry, were  a  party  m  rocket-m  ui,  and  two  light 
three-pouncier  guns ;  a  species  of  artilleryj<«)nve- 
nieat  enough,  where  celerity  of  movement  is  jdonc 
regarded,  but  of  veiy  little  service  in  the  field. 


■f 


«**,, 


BiV 

%^ 

0^ 

M 

,?»' 


1^', 


P-tlii/kSL'A'N'D. 


4 


5P**(, 


The  rest  of  ih6  trodips  werfe  aininged  as  before  ihtb 
two  brigades.  The  first,  composed  of  tlje  21sf, 
44th,  titid  orfe  black  regiment,  was  intrusted  to 
Coiond  Brook;  and  the  second,  conto'jiingthe  &3d, 
and  the  other  blacik  corps,  to  Colcmel  Hatinilton, 
df  the  7th  West  India  regiment.  To  eaclRf  these, 
a  c6rtain  proportion  of  artillery  and  rockets  was 
altbtfed;  while  the  dragoons,  who  had  brought 
their  harness  and  other  appointments  on  shore,  re- 
mained as  a  sort  of  body-guard  to  tlie  General,  till 
they  should  provide  themselves  with  horses. 

The  adjustment  of  these  matters  having  occu- 
pied a  considerable  part  of  the  22d,  it  was  deter- 
mined that  all  things  should  remain  as  they  were 
till  next  mcKTking.  Boats,  in  the  msan  time,  began 
to  assemble  from  ail  quarters,  supplies  of  ammuni- 
tion were  packed,  so  aS  to  prevent  the  possibility  of 
damage  from  moisture,  and  stores  of  various  de- 
scriptions were  got  ready.  But  it  appeare^^hat 
even  now,  many  serious  inconveniences  must  be 
endured,  and  obstacles  surmounted,  before  the 
troops  could  reach  the  scene  of  action.  In  die 
'first  pAace,  from  Pine  Island  to  that  part  of  the 
main  towards  which  prudence  directed  us  to  steer, 
was  a  distance  of  no  less  ^n  80  miles.  This,  of 
itself,  was  an  obstacle,  or  at  least  an  inconvenience 
of  no  slight  nature,  for  should  the  weather  prore 
boisterous,  open  boats  heavily  laden  with  soldiers, 
'%ould  stand  littl©  chance  bt  escaping  destruction. 


T' 


!^ 


,isi 


i( 


^y 


^ 


# 


K 


% 


»«*-'■  :rf 


t4 


i\ 


276  ^  THE   LAKI. 

in  the  cour^of  so  long  a  voyage.  In  the  next 
place,  and  what  was  of  infinitely  greater  import- 
^ce,  it  was  found  that  there  were  not  throughout 
the  whole  fleet,  a  sufficient  number  di  boats  to 
transport  above  one-third  of  the  army  at  a  time; 
But  to  limd  in  divisions,  would  expose  our  forces 
to  be  attacked  in  detail,  by  which  means,  one  party 
might  be  cut  to  pieces  before  the  others  could 
arrive  to  its  support.  The  undertaking  was,  there- 
fore, on  the  whole,  extremely  dangerous,  and  such 
as  would  have  been  probably  abandoned  by  mote 
timid  leaders.  Ours,  however,  were  not  so  to  be 
alarmed.  They  had  entered  upon  a  hazardous 
business,  in  whatever  way  it  should  be  prosecuttd|i^ 
and  since  they  could  not  work  miracles,  they  re- 
solved to  lose  no  time  in  bringing  their  army  into 
the  field,  in  the  best  manner  which  circumstancee 
would  permit. 

"^^th  this  view,  the  advance,  consisting  of  1,600' 
men,  and  two  pieces  of  cannon,  was  next  morn- 
ing embarked.  I  have  already  stated  that  there  is 
a  small  creek,  called  the  Bayou  de  Catiline,  which 
runs  up  firom  Lake  Pontchartram  through  the 
middle  of  an  extensive  morass,  about  ten  miles 
below  New  Orleans.  JTowards  this  creek  were 
the  boats  <;Urected,  ana  here  it  was  resolved  to 
effect  a  landing.  When  we  set  sail,  the  s^'tvas 
dark  and  k)wering,  and  before  long,  a  heavy  rain 
began  to  fall.    Contihuing  wit)iout  intermission 


k 


St. 


•*» 


*  ■» 


next 
iport- 
ghout 
ats  to 
time, 
forces 
B  party 
could 
,  there- 
id  such 
ymote 
lotobe 
sardous 
iecutedf 
they  re- 
ly mto 
istancea 

»f  1,600 
;t  mom- 
there  is 
t,  which 
igh  die 
miles 
lek  were 
»lyied  to 
Iskjrwas 
ivy  rain 
lission 


f 


r-flv 


M'^. 


dii«l%#«ii)Miole  or  MalaiJl  loir&idi  flight  it  m 
ustiMliliMiii  Miff»BW!MM  bf  a«fehai|Kfio8t| 
wlif|dMiM%  effkit  ispon  ffid^  exposiad;* 

aad  fllrtady  cmiipc^bj^  rkm^hug  do  long  in  on6 
poatui^;  fended  ouMirtibs  dom^ltffeblf  pdwetfess. 

NliHim  ^^"^  ''^^  ^^^^  ^^  disp^lihg  the  be- 
nd^,bii|f  selttation,  or  effectually  resisting  tliif'*^ 
c^  FkM  of  charcoal,  indieed,  were  lighted  in 
Fdf  the  boats,  and  were  suffiired  to^butti 
as'day-lij^t  lasted;  but  as  soon  as  it  grew 
di^were  of  necessity  extinguished,  fest 
^^ould  be  seen  by  row-boats  from  ikt 
an  akdrm  be  thus  communicated.  Our 
IS,  therefore,  the  reverse  of  comfortable ; 
^iiK^  even  sleep  was  denied  us,  from  the  appre- 
betMlQii  of  fatal  consequences. 

'Ibving  remained  in  this  uncomfortable  state  tilt:  ° 
Mi|hf4|^t,  the  boats  cast  anchor,  and  hoisted  a)^t^ 
kigs^Lv^ere  was  a  small  piquet  of  the  enemy 
statioofd'^tAi^  entrance  of  the  creek,  by  whieltHv 
wejiMplpt  to  cQ^t^  our  lauding.    This  it  was  ab^  ^ 
soi|itily<iieeea9ai^4&  surpriie;  and  while  ^res6(' 
lay  atsnchor,  ^Niror  diree^stsaiKngbargA  ^xMnu^' 
sent  on  to  exffimtt  the  fier!(d(n|.    Nor  did  4he^  ex*'  -  \ 
perience .  mu^lftHciulty  in  ^coflnplishing  dieir  ^ 
objee|^9^othing,-  #s4l  i^pe«re<i^  was  Itss  dreamt  ^ 
of  ^  the.  Atnericans  Hiiii^ipH  attaf k^  from  tbil^  '^' 
quiMMr,  coiMequentI|)  ii^peflMlla4:euld  be1f»s  on 
their  guard  than  the  party  here  stationed.     Th^ 
!      .  Nn 


► , 


m 


J 


1 


m 


*% 
'■*¥_ 


I   .1 


i»;.j 


It- 


ff 


,jt*   '  ♦« 


*  ,  * 


I 


c^car  ^oi^ducted  the  fbrce  sent  agtubMt^^ 
fi:>und  not  so  muc^  >  mi^ '  single  ^sentinel  posted ; 

*but  having  landed 'his"m<;r:  sit  two  pliceSf  abovs 

tand J^lovrthe  hu^wMcH  tlie^  inhabited,  extended 
his  ranks  so  as  to  surround  it,  and  closing  gra- 
dually in,  took  them  all  fast  asleep,  withq||^|M|iae 

« or  resistance.  ^^    v 

When  such  time  had  been  allowed  as  was 
deemed  sufficient  for  the  accomi^idbnif||t  ol  ikk^ 
undertaking,  the  flotilla  again  weighed  anchor,  sad 

'Without  waiting  for  intelligence  of  success,  p#- 
sued  their  voyage.  Hitherto  we  had  been  hohlld 
aU  mg  at  a  rapid  rate  by  a  fair  Iveeze, 
bled  us  to  carry  canvas;  but  this 
and  we  made  way  only  with  rowmg.  Our  pco^i:9S^ 
was,  therefore,  considerably  retarded,  and  tht^iOsk 
of  discovery  heightened  by  the  noise  which  ^t 
labour  necessarily  occasions ;  but  in  spifee>4:|f,.all 
tiiis,  we  reached  the  entrance  of  the  Grse]||,.by 
dawn;  and  about  nine  o'clock,  wer^e  safip^on 


> 


seze,  whic^|<|ini«    > 
lis  nowJk^i^lis,    \ 


e. 


^  'Ther  place  where  we^landed  wasj^  wiidiiiit  is 
possible  to  imagine,  i  Whereveflke  Ipoj^^  no- 
^-"^  thing  warto  be  sem  excipl  one  huge  marsh,  ,co- 
*  *<W!^  w^  ;^ll  relR  f.  w&l  a.Jiousto,  nor  4  ,*«#tige 
''  of^uiifHpindils|;y:£oiili^l|Sjdii3^^ 
f^^^c^'treesi  thc|)Ee^w«|Bt^L|  mfeiw  ^pcioimm^V^  *® 

^^bove  all  pthess,  favoived  oil  operations.    No  eye 


••1^ 


^^•■- . 


M 


■<}* 


i* 


^XL^ 


•r^'t 


-'-^ji 


<*■. 


i 


LAVBiRC, 


«• 


K 


) 


could  wstch  us,  or  import  oi^inrivi]  t^tiict  Atob- 
rioaitiQcojeray.  By  remaini^  W^^  «iQotig  thcr; 
riods,  >>we«  mig^  eflkctanOy  conceal  ourielves 
fioBi^iioiice ;  because)  from  the  appearance  of  all 
avoui^  it  was  easy  to  perceive  that  the  place^hich 

icune  oeeupied  was  seldom,  if  ever  before  marked 
with  akj^uitlan  footstep.  Concealment,  however, 
was  tpefnihing  of  all  >-  hers  which  we  required,  for 
be  it  rememberer'  it  there  were  now  only  sixteen 
htmdte<|vmen  on  tb  laiiiland.  The  rest  woce 
still  at  Pine  Islam  ,iici^  they  must  remain  till 
the  boats  which  had  transported  us  should  return 
for  ^their  conveyance,  consequently  many  hours 

^i^stclapse  before  this  small  corps  could  be  either 
i^llftittpd  or  suppcMTted.  If,  therefore,  we  had 
sought  for  a  point  where  a  descent  might  be  made^ 
ift  secrecy  and  safety,  we  could  not  have  found 
one  better  calculated  for  that  purpose  than  the 
present;  because  it  afforded  every  means  of  con- 
cesdment  to  one  part  of  our  force,  until  the  others 
should  be  able  to  come  up. 

It  was,  therefore,  confidently  expected,  that  no 
movement  would  be  made  previous  t  the  arrival 
of  die>i^other  Ongades ;  but,  in  our  expectations  of 
quiet,  we  were  deceived.  The  deserters  who  had 
come  in,  and  accompaniedfis  as  guides,  assured 
the  1|pieral  that  he  had  only  to  show  himself, 
when  the  wholedisttict  would  submit.  They  re- 
peated, that  there  were  not  five  thousan^jnen  in 


irmT' 


"    i 


4 

L'l 


\i 


i } 


\ 


'4 


"ft 


•^1 


"f 


I 


.'■■:■     **■  . 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


A<Sf 


FiiotogFaphic 
ScMices 


23  WBT  MIAIN  STRHT 

\NHfm,N.V.  I4SI0 

(7t«)l79-4f09 


\^ 


■^ 


(iH.l 


S# 


sW    ' 


■^s  /' 


Kl|EiH  fof  aught  we  ioMWy^ 
Ji|iiMJJ<Hiy>e»derto  push-: hmi0lijkllf^.mmih¥-' 
im^^paaxmiRttj,    As 
▼•nee  wm^  fonne^iwd  Ibp ' 
Iteggn^^ur  inarch,  flawing  m 
i|^  J»  edge  <^  a  ditch  of  <nigb    iM*i«|9ii^^ 
hi>wc;f;f^  without  many  cheq]|j|,^t^^n^., 
to^oceifd.    Odier  ditches,  :iimUarl|» 
course  we  pufsuicd,  frequeot|§,st 
Hi^g!^  a  cro8s4ire(ii$«i,  Q|)d  firiUngil^^ 
^es.    These  were  tab>wi||i^li»lMfi||i# 
1i|idl1^ep  tQ^>be  forded  ;  eons6queDllf^«ii44l'filik 
clpeii^ooSfthiiii troops  weirobliged  to  hak, 4^ 
^di|p||^i»ihaQtily  QOQstiucted  ol^^i^ 

h^iik^ 


*»■!»■•  .«C* 


J^fesBniiAiittiKt' 


* 


I- -'''■£ 


,•*   j^" 


^  /■».'< 


m 


.ii#Si 


» - 


t 


could  ii0t;fal«%r<]C# 
» tei goers'  wfaore  dieylayi 4pl|Qiir 
ilpWPIIialh<yfe»iMg^tyove;  and  «s  wetxi(|l^i»t 
rigdde»inight  not  be  deceii^inip^ 
(ibiHciMii»^«iiglil  not  be  hdd^  om 
«fldon  as  we  should  arrive 
^leonid  fl^Mviiniently  act,  our  maitK  ^a3 1 
rirkiii^iere  eautkm  and  regiidari^ 
kf^ppib^  IMe 'WhHe^  some  groves  o^onflige 
!>  I^ettllttlves;  on  passing^  whiob^if!!!^ 

«||^|IM(9K9ii  tpspFtaingyUie  inhibitaQli^^inid 

^^tanP^^'ibui^rbceQiiMiig^ifilliii^' 
^49ii||HiaitQ««i»' 


t^ 


■  >    I 


if^ 


7 


'^'^,.iv 


,  ■  T.  I 


•^' 


,-*.. 


.1* 

) 


'     4 


^^' 


.''■(■.■ 


'"^k- 
«; 


>», 


•k ' 


1 


^hMkiM,'  bM  in  padto*?  and^i 

»tf  Mted  uiusttred  thricrQ|||r<] 

Qig  4lps  were  IHLewise  qui«lK(KiedyAiit^,ij 

0^  tfifioisible,  some  advanliyiia  fiplti^ 

#]iiM.  we  might  be  able  Ip 

tf»t  might  attack  us;  aiid 

at  the  main  road#  whiil»|pMpi 
tw^OxiBam.    Taming  to  dKNli|^^ 
advaliie#  b  the  direction  of  that  town  fafiahfg|i'' 
mil«^<wiiBik  havmg  reached  arr  apdt  wh«»i 
egmidnreid  that  we>  might  eoCMMip  • 

MA^c^  littte  «d         hallc4Mto»illipftitf ^ 
#^.|ffm«^itod  a  legular  tM»<iaiiii|ii,iiiiiwi^ 
V  ^nke^^counb^'where  w^ 

ria-  :<bui|it'  g.-l|.:WW^»,jpl!lll|ir 


% 


*:i 


A^ 


■«^' 


utJf^^Wtl-: 


•  v^. 


■'it  V  »)!»■*■  t..-a 


J.JJ.S 


•*^' 


•tH^^ 


.«¥.:■  ^-f^-: 


i^::  ^^ 


■^ 


r^ov  pliiMrtiaoQf  loyiiiA; 

1^^  and  ad^^irnits  ttiieMR 

as  weiftfcstl^lldiiiir 

Ml^llir  IM^tfl^  of  sugar-cane  i^acpiant  ^Smk 
It  urthis  part  of  thenrorid  ai^in 


W* 


Ibirards  the  town,  whioli  wet 

marsh  is  Upon  yoari%IM^ 

ftm  USL  '-  CkMe  to  the  ladt^torfliift  flie 

rMd^^cileiwiiig>the  course  of  thia  ati«aMi«U 

%ieanBr   Between  the^nlad^Bd 

a  lof^  and  sttui^enillMlHll- 

rilpit^  l^ilmilap^^pitfpoatt^  b^  niiiiis  #^ 
'iWi'itlKMIlplf'll'i  iw  iiiiiiiniiirinin  uiliiiW» ' 

^inBnppnnii'^nui^'vpp*«pwHKai'viniR$^BM|gii|W*^ 


>' 


W 


h: 


n 


if 


:'  *^iP|B^^i'f^^^ff'ff^''^^^^P^^J^'f^W^ 


I'V,. 


■4 


..♦     vf 


At 


t:^.i!te*- 


«. 


w",^ 


2te 


while  ^  right  and  rear  were  ^wHfjr  without 
covar.    Ifcough  we  occu^  this^eld,  ther^**" 
fore,  and  might  have  looM  well  in  a  pe^eablff^ ' 
district,  it  roust  be  coilfiMSed  that  our  situa^' 
^ed  the  title  of  a  miUtaiy  position. 


f 


IP*" 


'# 


\t 


't 


1 1 


^ 


\  "1 


■'•  -Jk^  \      'I 


1  %':  It 


Li" 


.^ 


H   A 


""a. 


i 


tf 


-■W: 


I*.     «>, 


1* 


i^ 


.0^ 


'  -r'-ii 


Ott'^ 


** 


* 


M 


■■I  ■ 


*     » -♦ 
,    »  « 


.■;^'ifc<- 


i^m- 


^ 


'9 


f  '■ 


«? 


^,.-^, 


y 


\jk 


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# 


;j ' 


^ 


n^ 


^ff- 


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HALT. 


\  . 


^t 


■f* 


►.  >* 


;v- 


LETTER  XX. 


'^■ 


en 


4 


NoaN  had  just  passed,  when  the  word M^ugiv 
to  lifth,  and  therefore  every^portunity  was  af- 
forded of  postihg  the  piquets  with  leisure  and  ^t- 
«tention.  Nor  was  this  deemed  enough  to  seciKe 
tranquillity ;  several  parties  were  sent  out  in  all 
directions  to  reconnoitre,  who  returned  with  an 
account  that  no  enemy  nor  any  tracet:^  an  enemy 
could  be  discerned.  The  troops  were  accord^i^ 
suffered  to  light  fires,  and  to  make  themselv^  com- 
fortable; only  their  accoutrements  were  not  taken 
off,  and  the  arms  were  piled  in  such  form  as  to  be 
within  reach  at  a  moment's  notice.  4^- 

As  soon  as  these  agreeable  orders  were,  ifsi^ed, 
the  soldiers  proceeded  to  obey  them  both  in  jletter 
^^^nd  in  spirit.    Teuring  up  a^numb<n'  of  stipng 
^palings,  large  fiies  were  lighted  in  a  moment;  wa- 
^r  Was  broughtfromtheriver,  and  provisions  were 
coohjii.    But  their  bare  rations  did  not  content 
thism.     Spreading  themselves  over  the  country  as 
fiur  as  a  regard  to  saf«i^  would  permit  ^y  en- 
tered ^Hry  house,  and  brough||pvay  quanflties  of 
$4iams,  fowls,  and  wines  qi^  various,  descriptions ; 
wl]^  being  divided  among  ^tliem,  i^  fare<|  well, 


i  >* 


\4. 


>a* 


¥ 


fr  ♦ 


.« 


k 

♦'r 

..»> 


JIALTJ 


Iter 


and  nam  reeeived  too  large  a  quanli^.    la  diis 
divi&ion  of  good  thmgs>  they  were  not  unmmdfiit 

,  of  their  officers ;  for  upon  active  Hvarfare  the  biU 
cers  aie  considered  by.  tiie  privates  as  comrades,  to 
#h^||fe8pec(  and  obedience  are  due,  rather  ^an 

^  as  flRers. 

It  was  now  about  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon^ 
and  all  had  as  ^iftremained  quiet.  The  troops 
Having  finished  their  meal,  lay  'stretched  beside 
their  feres,  or  refreshed  themselevs  by  bathing,  for" 
to-day  the  heat  was  such  as  to  render  this  latter 
employment  extremely  agreeable,  when  suddeiuy 
a  bugle  frdm  the  advanced  posts  sounded  the 

Ji^anrf,  which  was  echoed  back  from  all  in  the 
army.  Starting  up,  we  stood  to  our  arms,  and  pre- 
paired  for  battle,  the  alarm  being  now  succeeded 
l^  some  firing;  but  we  were  scarcely  in  order, 
viHiih  w<Mrd  was  sent  from  the  front  that  there  was 
-no  danger,  only  a  few  horse  having  made  their  ap»^ 
pearance,  who  were  checked  and  put  to  flight  at 
the  first  discharge.  Upon  this  lyi^^I'igence,  our 
wonted  confidence  returned,  and  we  again  betook 
ourselves  to  our  fcnrmer  occupations,  remarking 
^t,  as  the  Ameritians  had  never  yet  daoid  to  at- 
tack,  there  was  no  great  probability  of  their  doing 
so  on  the  jNresent  occasion. 

In  this  manlUr  the  day  passed  without,  any  far- 
dier  akurm ;  and  darkness  having  set  in,  the  fires 
#e^  made  to  bbize  willi  increased  splendour,  our 


'I- 


*/M 


\1 


M^ 


m 


.%■% 


.^  '■ 


*S*-^-^' 


Jf^ 


'^« 


*-» 


.^}>^---. 


^ 


t^>^ 


•♦" 


#1 

r 


itttk 


■# 


.»      '.J 


1. 


"^'?. 


^ 


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Attack. 


f- 


evening  meal  wts  eat,  and  we  prepared  to  altep. 
But  about  half-past  seven  o'clock,  the  attention  of 
several  individuals  was  drawn  to  a  large  vessel,  , 

-  fvhich  seemed  to  be  stealing  up  the  river  till  she 
came  opposite  to  our  camp ;  when  her  ancbjillMrti 
dropped,  and  her  sails  leisurely  furled.  At  IK  we 
were  dpubtful  whether  she  might  not  be  one  of 
our  own  cruisers  which  had  |MI^^  ^^®  ^^^  unob* 

.  served,  and  had  arrived  to  renoEr  her  assistance  iK 
OUT  future  operations.    To  satisfy  this  doubt,  she 
wa9  repeatedly  hailed,  but  returned  no.  answer ;  . 
ymtn  an  alarm  spreading  through  the  bivouac,  aU 
thought  of  sleep  was  laid  aside.    Several  musket 
shots  were  now  fired  at  her  with  the  design  of  ex»'< 
acting  a  reply,  of  which  no  notice  was  taken  ;ti)i' 
at  length  having  fastened  all  her  sails,  and  swung 
her  broad- side  towards  us,  we  could  distinctly  hear 
some  one  cry  out  in  a  commanding  voice,  *  Give 
them  this  for  the  honour  of  America.'  The  wbrds 
were  instantly  followed  by  the  flashes  of  her  guns, 
and  a  deadly  shower  of  grape  swept  down  numbers 
'm  the  camp. 

Against  this  dreadful  fire  we  had  Inothing  what- 
ever tGH^ose.  The  artillery  \^ieh  we  had  landed' 
was  to^^ght  to  bring  into  competition  with  an 
adversary  so  powerful ;  and  as  she  had  anchored 
wijthin  a  diort  distance  of  the  o^||psite  banki  no 
musketry  could  reach  her  with  any  precision  or 
eftct.     A  few  rockets,  were  discharged,  whic^ 

.     '  *      •  .  ^* .  .... 


v 


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anded 
(rith  an 
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nk,  no 
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ATTACK. 


4^^ 


1 


ift9 


limde  a  beautiful  appearance  in  ^a  Air ;  but  the 
rocket  ia  an  uncertain  weapon,  andilkse  deviated 
too  far  from  their  object  to  produce  even  terror 
among  those  against  Whom  they  were  directed. 
"tliA^  these  circums^tarices,  as  nothing  could  be 
doneoffensively,  bur  sole  object  was  to  shelter  the 
men  as  much  as  pqissible  from  this  iron  hail.  With 
this  view,  they  wl||fcommanded  to'leave  the  fires, 
and'  to  hasten  uffder  the  dyke.    Thither  all,  ac-  %. 
cordingljr,  repaired,  without  much  regard  to  ordii: 
and  regularity,  and  laying  ourselves  along  wluve- 
ever  we  could  find  room,  we  listened  in  paimul 
silence  to  the  pattering  of  grape  shot  among  our 
..^uts,  atid  to  the  shrieks  and  groans  of  those  who 
lay  wounded  beside  them. 
'  *^  The  night  was  now  as  dark  as  pitch,  the  moon 
being  but  young,  tind  totally  obscured  with  clouds. 
Ottr  fires  deserted  by  us,  and  beat  about  by  the 
enemy's  shot,  began  to  bum  red  and  duU,  and,  ex- 
cept when  the  flashes  of  those  guns  which  played 
upon  us  cast  a  momentary  glare,  not  an  object  ' 
could  be  distinguished  at  the  distance  of  a  yard; 
In  this  state  we  lay  for  nearly,  an  hour,  unable  to 
move  from  our  grotind,  or  offer  any  op{Mqption  to 
those  who  kept  us  there ;  when  a  straggling  fire  of 
mtiisketry  called  our  attention  towards  the  piquets, 
and  warned  nmto  prepare  for  a  closer  i&hd  more 
dssperate  strife.     As  yet,  however,  it  was  |«Bo  ^ 
^ilitifin  from  what  cause  this  dropping  fire  arcS^. ; 


V' 


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ATTACft, 

It  might  fjiOQeed  from  the  ientinels,  Who,  ttumed 
tyjr.tfie  camiifeiide  fttiro  the  river,  mistook  every 
tN^  for  aa  Aimniism  i  and  till  this  should  be  more 
Ibliy  tscertained,  it  would  be  improper  to  expoM 
Ike  troops,  bjrmoving  any  of  them  from  the  4tf  tel^ 
which  the  bank  aflfbided.  But  these  doubts  were 
not  permitted  to  continue  long  in  existence.  The 
dropping  fire  having  paused  iir  a«few  moments, 
i.  was  succeeded  by  a  fearful  yell ;  and  the  heavens 
Wbre  illuminated  on  all  sides  by  a  semi-circular 
bkM  of  musketry.  It  was  now  dlear  that  We 
w3e  surrounded,  and  that  by  a  veiy  superior 
force;  and,  therefore,  no  alternative  remainin]|, 
but,  eitlicr  to  surrender  at  discretion,  or  to  bea^. 
back  the  assailants.  '• 

The  first  of  these  plans  was  never  for  an  instaht 
thought  of;  and  the  second  wis  immedntely  ptit 
into  force.  Rushing  from  under  the  bank,  the 
85th  and  4)5th  flew  to  support  the  piquets,  wBile 
the  4tht  stealing  to  the  rear  of  the  encampment, 
formed  close  column,  and  remained  as  a  reserve; 
But  to  describe  this  action  is  altogether  out  of  the  ^ 
question,  for  it  was  such  a  battle  as  tne  anoals  of 
modeiMrarfare  can  hardly  m^tch.  All  order,  all 
discipline,  were  lost  Each  officer,  as  he  Was  aBle^ 
ta  pollect  twenty  or  thirty  men  round  him,  Ad- 
vanced into  the  middle  of  the  enelljr,  wheii  it  was 
Jjljgbt  hand  to  hand,  bayonet  to  bayonet,  ahfl 


V^A 

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8fii 

•'    " 

•iford  to  iword,  with  the  tumiill  and  ferocky  of 
one  of  Homer's  combats.  '     •        ' 

To  ^hre  some  idea  of  this  extraormiwry  combat, 
I  shall  cletail  the  adventures  of  a  friend  of  mine, 
^\^  diMiceo  to  accompany  one  of  the  first  parties 
seWoi'it.  Dashing  through  the  bivouac  under  an 
heavy  discharge  from  the  vessel,  hn  party  reached 
the  hlK,  whichjns  forded,  and  advanced  as  far 


1j 


1 


vjpi 


ia  the  house  wiWb  General  Keane  had  fixed  his 
headquarters.  The  moon  hail  by  this  time  madP 
her  way  through  the  clouds ;  and  though  only  in 
her  first  quarter  gave  light  enough  to  permi|l|ieir 
seenigy  dioug^  not  distinctly.  Havfng  now  gone 
Su  enough  to  the  right,  the  party  pushed  on  to> 
wards  the  front,  and  entered  a  sloping  field  of 
Jtjtobblc;  at  the  uj^er  end  of  which  they  could 
distinguish  a  dark  line  of  men ;  but,  whemer  they 
were  friends  or  fiaes  it  was  impossible  to  determme.  ^ 
tAiw^Ung  to  ire,  kst  he  should  kiftiny  of  our 

^own  people,  my  friend  led  on  the  volumeers  whom 
1^1^^  got  roundlka,  till  they  reached  aome  thick 
files  of  i€eda,  about  twenty  yards  from  the  object 
of  thck  nalfoc.   Here  they  were  sfduted  by  a  sharp 

'^ydlGiy»  and  being  bow  confident  that  they  were 
jneafiea,  he  commanded  his  men  to  fili^.    But  a 
W  biod^er  officer  who  accompanied  him,  was  not  so 
oonvmoed,  Muring  him  1^  they  were  sql^ieia  ^ 
of  the  95th»  upon  which  they  agreed  to  divf'^*^^  ■  " 
fofses ;  that  ha  ^iflto  double^  ahoidd 


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I^LIGHT  DF  ^HE  ENEMY.     \  • 

one  party  where  he  was,  w^iile  my  friend,  with  the 
rc^,  shotildj^  round  upon  the  flank  of  this  line, 
and  discovercertaiidy  to  which  army  it  belonged. 

Taking  with  him  about  fourteen  men,  he  ac- 
cordingly moved  off  to  the  right,  when  falline  in 
with  some  other  stra^leili,  he  attached  theni^e- 
wiife  to  his  party,  and  advanced.  Springing  over 
a  high  rail,  they  came  down  upcA  the  left  of  those 
concemingwhom  the  doubt  had  existed,  and  found 

em  to  be,  as  my  friend  had  supposed,  Americans. 
Not  a  moment  was  lost  in  attacking-,  <  but  having 
goit^||lperceived,  within  a  few  feet  of  wjliere  they 
stooH,  they  discharged  their  pieces,  and  rushed  otk 
to  th6  charge.  In  the  whole  dourse  of  my  mili- 
tary"  career,  I  do  not  recollect  any  scene  at  all  re- 
sembling that  which  followed.  Some  soldiei;a|^ 
having  ibst  their  bayonets,  laid  about  tftemi  with 
tlksi  butt  end  of  dieir  firelocks;  while  many  a 
sword,  which  till  to  night  liad  not  Arank  blood,  be» 
cani<f  in  a  revir  minutes  crimsoned  enough.  ' 
' '  Theleontiist^  though  desperaflfwas  of  short  dun^ 
tion.  Panic  struck  at  the  vigour  of  the  assault,  t^ 
Americans  soon  fied,  and  our  people  pursued  them 
through  a  garden,  and  into  the  middle  pf  the  huts> 
which  I  have  stated  as  surrouhdihg  a  fiii^  hbusie 
upop  the  right  front  of  our  original  positba.  Heijp 
t^e;^lbunda  consideiable  number  of  pur  own  m^, 

^MiP  or  two  officers  taken,  and  guarded  by  a 
nt  oif  Americans.    These  they  imme<*^ 


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44.     '  " 

diate.y  released,  who,  catching  up  what  weapons^ 
they^could  find,  foHowed  thei^^libeiaton  ip  the 
chase  of  the  flying  enemy. 

Biit,  having  now  got  as  fer  in  advance  <A  the 
main  body  as  he  considered  prudent,  my  friend  de- 
%  termihed  to  pause  here,  till  he  ^ould  discover  how 
illings  went  in  odmr  parts  of  the  field. 

Witii  this  vieM^K  halted  his  party,  amounting, 
by  the  late  additionj,  to  focty  men  and  two  officers ;  % 
andpinoceedingalone  towards  die  front,  he  descried 
another  line,  of  the  length  of  one  strong  batta^qitl, 
at  the  bottom  of  a  field  on  the  left  Being  anxious 
to  discover  who  they  were,  he  walked  forward, 
when  a  vbice  fix>m  among  them  called  out  not  to 
fire,  because  they  were  Americans.  But  my  firiend 
hra  more  in  view  than  merely  to  discover  what 
countrymen  diey  were,  and  therefore,  answering 
as  one  of  themselves,  he  demanded  to  what  corps 
they  belonged  ?  To  this  the  speaker  re^oed,  tli|t 
diey  were  the  2d  fa(|palion  of  the  1st  Hegimeiit^  , 
and  requested  to  be  informed  what  had  become  of 
the  Ist  battalipn.  Still  imitating  the  American 
twangy  my  fiiend  again  made  answer  that  it  was 
upon  his  light ;  and  assuming  a  tone  of  aa^ority, 
HlMLmanded  them  to  remain  as  they  were,  till  he 
should  join  them^widi  a  party  of  which  he  wa^t 
the  head.        . 

Having  ended  this  conversation,  he  f^tumc 
die  viMage,  and  forming  his  party  in  line,  Isd  tf 

Pp  SP 


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41 


■    4 


COMBA^ 

on  in  deep  silence  toward  the  2d  battalidn  df  the 
1st  Hegiment..  A's  tliey  drew  nfear  he  called  o*it  for 
the  commanding  bfficer,  or  him  who  had  spojcen, 
to.conte  forward,  adding  that  he  had  something  to 
communicate ;  upon  which  an  elderly  man,  armed 
widl  a  huge  dragoon  sabre,  advanced  to  meet  him. 
As  soon  as  they  were  together,  my  friend  seized 
his  sword,  and  desired  him  to^iurrender,  dodaring 
M  that  he  and  his  regiment  ^ere  surrounded,  and  that 
resistance  would  only  occasion  unnecessary  bloods 

«The  man  was  completely  confouifded,-  And 
^ned  his  sword  immediately ;  whpn,,tumiii(^to 
another  officer  he  demanded  his.  This  person, 
however,  was  younger,  and  appeared  to  have  his 
wits  more  about  him,  for  instead  of  giving  iq>  hi^ 
weapon,  he  made  a  cut  atmy  friend's  head»  which 
he  had  scarcely  time  to  ward  of.  Their  Country- 
men, lyjcowise,  who  ha^hitherto  ^tood  motionless, 
took  cd£%e  at  the  deed,  and  began  firing  'y  when, 
as  all  cpiibe  of  cheating  th^ihto  a  surrender  was 
at  an  end,  our  soldiers  dashed  amongst  them,  and 
once  more  renewed  the  combat  hand  in  hand. 

But  though  the  enemy  had  so  far  recovered  firom 
their  ^inic  as  to  refuse  a  surrender,  their  resolution 
did  not  prompt  them  to  any  determined  resistaa^ 
^arged  as  they  were  upon  the  flank,  it  is. not 
\vonderful  that  tfiey  sooin  fell  into  confusidh^  and 
ig  ci&Iy  pressed  by  the  brave  little  party, 
had  no  time  given  to  hdly.    In  less  than  an 


\ 


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'V.-. 


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a&5 


^KMVV  jtl^r#}vct»  they  began  to  fly  f  and  as  my 
irifsiid  ^qi|tid|p«4  i^^  ^^  had  been  rash  enough  in 
attacking  »  foice  so  superior,  with  a  handful  of 
meivlie  did  n^t  add  to  tfiat  rashness,  by  con- 
tinuing , the  pursuit  too  far;  .but  hjiving  chased 
thein  a  Jitde  way,  recalled  his  followers,  and  re- 
tuined  to  ^e  hamlet. 

&,  giving  a  detail  so  minute  of  the  adventures 
,<rf]»an  individual,  on  the  present  occasion,  I  am  &|^ 
froin  wishing  to  exhibit  him  in  the  light  of  an  hero 
of  romance.  The  fact  is,  that  what  he  did^as 
done  in  a  greater  or  less  degree  by  every  offitSf  in 
the  army ;  for  this  was  a  combat  which  compelled 
every  man,  in  spite  of  himself,  to  rely  solely  on  his 
own  resources.  Attacked  unexpectedly,  and  in 
^  djiHi^,  surrounded  by  enemies  before  any  ar  • 
langjementsjcould  be  made  to  oppose  them,  it  is 
.  i|t>t  tonoeival^e  jthat  order,  or  the  rul^s  of  disci- 
fiined  war  could  be  preserved.  We  w^^  mingled 
wkh  the  Americeu^,  frequenUy  before  we  could 
till  whether  diey  were  friends  or  foes  ;  because 
speaking  the  same  language  with  ourselves,  dieito 
was  no  mark  by  which  to  distinguish  them,  at  least 
none  whose  influence  extended  beyond  the  dk- 

^  tence  of.  a  few  paces.  The  consequence  was,  that 
more  feats  of  individual  gallantry  were  performed 

'   in  the  ;0>urse  of  this  ii%ht,  than  many  campaigns 
'might  have  afforded  an  opporrunity  of  perf< 
'^lAlile  vie^ising  the  affair  as  a  regular  act|< 


^n\ 


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*  Ml 


can  Ij^  junagined  moic  ftill  of  bl|i||d«f  aii4. 
fusioD,.  Nq  iKian.,ci|uId  tell  wtNaf,ii«9  goni#ipr-> 
ura^^in  any  quai$er,  except  whpe  .he  himself 
chiuiced  iiiipe^|^(te]y.tq.s|9U»($vno$  one  |)^^  the 
line  could  bring  aasistimce  to  anotherv-beoause^  in  i. 
tn^ih,  np  line  existed.    It  was  in  one  wovd^a  pe^ 
feet  ^niult,  rambling,  except  in  its  faial  cme^^  . 
quences,  diose  scenes  which  the  night  of  an^  Irish 
^if  us^fUly  exhibits,  much  more  than  an  engage-, 
ment  between  two  civilised  armies. 

3^  night  was  far  spent,  and  (he  sound  clfi|^t- 
-^'  in^Hd  begun  to  die  away,  when  my  friend  onet 
more  established  himself  among  the  huta.    Here,    ^ 
likewise,  considerable  numbers  of  our  people  as*' 
sembled,  from  whom  he  learned  that  ibitw^^pof* 
were  repulsed  on  all  sides.  The  combat»li||peeil#' 
long  and  obstinately  contested,  having  btipifi^  at  ^ 
eight  in  the  evening,  and  continuing  till'  jdw^  ii 
the  momin|,  but  the  victory  was  decidedly  aom^m 
iat  tfie  Americans  retreated  in  tlmgreatestdtsorder,^ 
leaving  us  in  possession  of  the  field.    Our  tosi$  ' 
however,  was  enormous.    Not  less  than '500  Ifeten 
had  fallen,  many  of  whom  were  oue  finest- soldiers 
and  best  officers,  and  yet  we  could  not  but  con- 
sider ourselves  fortunate  in  escaping  from  die  tcHle^^  -i^  ^ 
£ven  at  the  expense  of  so  great  a  sacrifice.    i 

The  recal  being  sound^tour  troops  wec^«oon 
bjMMH  tog«pther«  and  filing  to  the  left^  ietmed 
"^tU/jk^-  oCtt^f^grpund,  whej^e  we^|^  at  int  4  T^ 


t-^j  *"i 


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2# 


eMiMipedS  il^fe!  Wfe  remunftfrrad^ffbrilliktever 
mi^  occur  fHHnom,  wlieii;  ttHMrbid  the  fire  of 
die  vcwel,  we  igain  belfol^oiiMdives  «b«^e  bank, 
and  kqrd&iwii.  For  Mlnt>  Hbun  paat,  indeedv  <ihe 
had  ceased  to  annoy  uS,  but  thitt  Wei  Imtow  was 
oiMi%  merely  to  the  ignorance  of  her  creWi  where 
to^ivct  her  aim ;  and  we  were  well  aware  that 
unlesAWe  Contt-ived  to  cover  ourselves  before  that 
igiia^ince  was  removed,  we  should  undoubtedly  |^ 
suffsr  ifNT  our  temerity. 

i)ay^bt  was  beginning  to  appear,  and  we  WMe 
ju^  able  to  distinguish  that  our  enemy  was  a  find 

«  schooner,  pierced  for  eighteen  guns,  and  crowded 
widk^mefif  when<  we  retreated  to  tlie  bank.    Herfr* 
we.  ]i|^^>aome  hours  worn  out  with  fatigue  and 
want  «|^||e^^and  shivering  in  the  cold  air  of  a 
nioniii^,  widiout  being  able  to  light  a  fire, 
^  pTefNHfr  a  morseiof  provisions.    Whenever  aii 
atten^t  of  die  kind  was  made  f  as  soon  as  two  at  "^ 
tfarenineiKbegan  to  steal  from  shelter,  the  sdioon' 
er^^guns  immediately  opened;  and  dius  was 
the  D^ole  division  kept,  as  it  were,  prisoners,  for  " 
the  «p9ce  il^  an  entire  day. 

WMle,  our  troc^  lay- in  this  uncomfortable  sU 

tusi^it^  I  stole  aw&y  with  two  or  three  men  to  find 

out  an(|bii^a  friend  m^o*  vvas^mong  the  shiiik^ 

In  wan^Mi^  over  die  flIN  for  this  purpose,  -tiie 

^mqpt  sbo^^ng  and.^sglusting  sights  every 

-^  freieflted  diitnaelves.    I  have  fi^iiendy' 


« 


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boinpass,  lfi6ug|li  tbese,  indeed,  w«re  tiuriiil0« 
eiiidifgh,  but  wtn«ri04  itieir^NKiifig^ingtnr  finefiehdr^ 
rible,  I  cattsMy  n^vir  'widiessed;  ^  A  muoiv  shot 

'  llirdttgltliie  llead  or  heai^,  lies  as  if  he  w9K  in  ^ 
deeptliiVnb^  insotnuoh,  thtit  wheiryoit  gazeupcm 
him,  ymi  experience  little  else  than  pity.  0)M  of 
these  many  hiid?  ntet' their  death  irom  My^et 

H  Utrouiids,  sabre  cuts,  or  heavy  blows  from  the  butt 
dlds  of  muskets ;  and  the  consequence  yns,  ihat 
not  only  were  the  wounds  themselves  excmlngiy 
Drightfui,  but  the  very  countenances  of  the  dead 
ediibited  ^e  most  savage  and  ghasdyexpres^ons.  ft 
Friends  and  foes  lay  together  in<smdligioufis  of 
four  or  six,  nor  ivas  it  difficult  to  UXi  almost  the^ 
very  hand  by  which  some  of  them  litdfaiNii  ^^\ 
such  had  been  the  deadly  closenesif  of  the  strifi»^^- 
ihat  in  one  or  two  places^  an  English  and  Ameri-* 
Can  soldier  might  be  seen  widi  the  bayonet  of  each 
fastened  in  th^  other^s  body. 
^^    Having  searched  for  some  time  in  imia^/Sat 
"^  length  discovered  my  friend  l}ing  behind  a  bimdle 
of  reeds,  where,  during  the  action,  ^  had  se* 
paHBted ;  and  shot  through  the  temples  by  »Tifle    ^ 
bullet  so  femarkably  small,  as^scareely  to  leil^any 
tn^  of  its  progress.  - 1  am  well  wivare  that  this 
is  %o  fit  place  to  intrai^Mice  the  wofkinj^  oLn^ 

feelings,  but  he  waa  mpfiumd^'and  ^  ^ 
finand  as  few  m«A  af^  hiyjiy  %nttugii  tcf  -^ 


«. 


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rXBLQ  OF  «ATT.LE.  fjiffj^ 

WlliBd'kiiown  and  lof  «d  each  other  for 
yMfaf^iir  regard  ha4  beta  acmanted  by  a  long 
{tartiaipalion.in  the  same  bardahipe  and  daiig^; 
and  it  oannot  therefore  auiprise,  if  evea'iiow:>| 
pay  that  tribute  to  his  worth  and  quf  firientdship^  * 

wbkh^  however  unavailing  it  may  be,  t))ey  both 
deserve.     •*.  -fi^.  >%»:,■. 

<'«Wlten  in  the  act  of  looking  for  him,  1  had  flat^ 
tened  mysdf,  that  I  shoukl  be  able  to  bear  his  1q^  || 
ivilh  amnething  like  philosophy,  but  when  I  ber 
held  nm  pale  and  bloody,  I  found  all  n^resoluti^n 
evaporate;  I  threw  myself  on  the  gi!ound  beaifb 
ll  him,,  and  wept  like  a  child.  But  this  was  no  time 
liEur  the  indulgence  of  useless  sorrow*  Like  tlie 
royal  bio^,  I  knew  that  I  should  go  to  him,  but  he 
Mid  IMM  vatum  ta  me,  and  I  could  not  tdl 
whediar<an  hour  would  pass  before  my.  summons 
'tiTQiildatfvive  Lifting  him,  therefore,  upon  a  ca^, 
I  hkd  him  carried  down  to  headf  quarter  house,  now 
converted  into  an  hospital,  and  having  dug  for  him 
a  gniteat  the  bottom  of  the  garden,  I  hud  him 
there^as  a  soldier  should  be  laid,  arrayed,  not  in  a 
^iroud,  but  in  his  uniform.  Even  the  veiy  pri- 
vates, whom  I  broi^ht  with  me  to  assist  at  his 
funeral,  mingled  their  tears  with  mine,  nor  ^e 
many  so  fiortunate  as  to  lelura  to  the  parent  dust 
mqre  6f6^y  or  more  ainoerely  kmented* 
^Retiringfrom  the  performance  of  this  mel 
dutyy  I  strolled  intot.the  hospital,  and  Vis 


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wbinded.  It isliere  that  war  tostsro  graiidBui' 
and  show,  ahd  prtMents  only  a  real  pictulrcf  l£if  \H 
%fiecti. )  Eveiy  foom  ki  the  house  was  crowded 
with  wretclieaihangled^  and'apparentljrin^e  most. 

^  exdruciatkig  agonies.  Prayers,  ghxms,  and  I 
grieve  to  add,  the  most  horrid  exclamations,  smote 
upon  the  ear  wherever  I  turned.  Sotne  Tajr,  tft 
len^  upon  straw,  with  eyii  half  closed,  aid 

.f§  Umbs  motionless ;  some  endeavoured  to  start  iip^' 
shrieking  with  pain;  while  the  wandering  fl|e  tihd 
incoherent  speech  of  others,  indicated  thrres^  of 
reason,  and  usually  foretold  the  approach  of  death; 
But  there  was  one  among  the  rest,  whose  appear- 
ance was  too  horrible  ever  to  be  forgotten.  He  had 
been  shot  through  the  wind-pi]ie,  and  idie  breath' 
making  its  way  between  the  skin  and1|ie'flS^h,1i1id 
dilated  him  to  a  aise  absolutely  terrific.  His  head 
and  fece  were  particularly  shocking.  £vfery  fea- 
ture was  enlarged  beyond  what  can  well  be  iiiui^ 
gined ;  while  his  eyes  were  so  completily  hi9<h$^ 
vy  the  cheeks  and  forehead,  as  to  destroy  ill  re^ 
semblance  to  an  human  countenance. 

Passing  through  the  apartments  where  dl%  |»!- 
vate  soldiers  lay,  I  next  came  to  those  occufxied  by 
o^ers.  Of  these  there  were  five  or  six  in  one 
small  room,  to  whom  little  better  accommodation 
CQuld  be  pray^ed  than  to  thei^  inferiors.  %  was  a 
f  pecintn^  distressing,  because  alt  W  diem 
^  befenKmal  acquaimancttiror my  own 

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(|ldtr  which  Miy.lWefMM^ 
AMfN»<4ft«M,  some  ifvvere^  iuidr>oiltai  > 
^f  i>^t Jul  h«v^ already  dwelt  stfliiA. 
iipoO'^a^  tMQflll  •ubjcqt,  I  eMl  oidy 

upistiuiqes  would  allow ;  and  thit  lliti 

^^,9iedicBl  attendants  were  such,  as 

die  grateful  thanks  of  evm 

_  ^  *"ffw«B  Jthemsdvar. 


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V  lNt^meanti^etherestofthetroo|ii|^|r9]|pH|r 
In^  a^  fastis  po|^ible,  a^d  hastenvig  t^^jpiHt|||^ 
qomrades.  Though  the  advance  bad«et  «^t^ 
J*i|ie  Island  by  themselves,  they  didnot  ocei 
the  boats  in  the  fleet.     Part  of  the  second.' 
r  therefore,  had  embarked  about  twelve  hows 
tp^„4eparture;  and  rowing  leisurely  ^^i^;-^^ 
considerably  more  than  half  way  across  Haijai^!^^ 
when  the  action  began.    In  the  stillness  of  .ni|^ '  m 


However,  it  is  astonishing  s^  wlint  4 
,       noise  is  heard;    Though  they  must  have  l)eeip*, 
«Ni     at  least  twenty  tmies  from  the  Bayou,  .w|i'ep;tfae 


m 


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fchooner  first  opened,  the  sound  of  ||ri|^t^achii^ 


them,  and  roused  the  rowers  from  thi^ 

filing  with  all  their  might,  ihey  npw  hur^^|l|^ 

while  the  most  profound  silence  reigned  among  i&s^ 

troops,  and  gaining  the  creek  in  little  ^CNre^ui^ 

lliree  hours,  sentlresh  reinforcements  to  s&re  In  ' 

{^|NbPger  and  glory  of -the  night. 

'   Npr  was  a  moment  lost  by  the  jailors  in  fetum?  . 

ing  tq  the  j^^i^*     Intelljgence  of 

SJMS^  like  llpl^firei  the  boats  w< 

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Im^f^  The 

^ll^iaia  4irdJ)ri|iidea,,the^^  n6vir  l|pokup 
t||in^|(p>^nd  upoB  the  spot  wli«^!^|j|ate  battle 
^pi idVSi^t  fif^  resting  th!9||^|i^t  upon  the  wood^ 

^|||MI#<^«  IlKiWl^^  might  continue  the  «'' 
)il^|ifMmJie.wlirP  plain. 
^I^|l||»in9t«ad. of  taking  part  in  this  forn^tiqa,]^ 
IJpljilP^  ^sitiU  fettered  to  the  bank,  fronvwhicH 
I^IITfl^  jdd}tiQj|B(JH^  prevented  from  moving  by  the 
li4vi4^ano^r  large  ship,  wl^ich  ca$t  jwQl|qr 
||f<p||,^ile  Sibpve  the  schopikr.  Thus  were  t|iree 
J||f$pJ|k|^.kept  stajtianfir}'  by  the  gui\s  of  these  two 
%|;i^i||||||^ilaa^ing,batterie$,  and  it  \V9»  clear  that 
W  #i^^  to  ^extricate  them  could  be  made  with- 
9^^  0^  loss,  unless  under  covdr  of  night*  During 
ll^j^rj^cdfof  the  24th,  therefore,  they  remained  i^ 
Me  situation;  but  as  soon  as  ,#uck- 
|M)pi|Jintt"  VitII  set  in,  a  change  of  position  wa||» 
ofboted*  Withdrawing  the  troops,  company  by 
Qpmpai^t  fiom  behind  the  bank,  General  K^anft 
slationcid  them. in  the  village  of  huts;  by  whic^i 
means  die  nigh  road  was  abandoned  to  the  P'^l^;' 
lion  of  a  piquet,  and  die  left  of  the  arn^  cov^qi^ 
'^  ^Hn^^ateau.  =  , . ,  •.  .  ^  ,  ^  ,;^^,  , 
{foBeif^piliow  placed  beyond  risk  0§  serioMP^  jpr 

*  tlbiranet  fix>ift  Ih^  shipping^^the  wb<!^.$/tf>^^ 


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ll|nt  «^  l||pl^^^  lih^        Qiir,|^iidM^ 
l^hose  jiyinpMi»  w^  .|i|d  before  liiiinpd?Wkli  w 
dity,  iMxfwpther' confidence  w«r  repoaadt  ,>lH|# 
perfectly  evident,  either  that  they  hid  pmfm0l$ 
l^c^ived  us,  or  that  their  infornntioa  watgadifiMl 
itpjfn  a  most  imperfect  source;  theNf«fCylh«l|||^ 
they  were  not  exactly  placed  in  oonfinemeiAptliigr 
were  strictly  watched,  and  treated  Hiorc»lihi  <yi#!^ 
than  deserters.  Instead  of  an  easy  ccinqueit^4l|KlK^  ^ 
already  met  with  vigorous  opposiliQn ;  inalsMi  oC 
finding  the  inhabitants  ready  and  eager  to  joini  h^  ' 
we  found  the  houses  deserted,  the  catdetiMliMnei 
driven  away,  and  every  appearance  of  hoatilitft 
To  march  by  the  ^ly  road  was  rendered  iippnc« 
tiJ^able,  so  compIete|!)f\^as  it  commandfkl.iiy  tfai 
shipping.    In  a  word,  aU  things^iad  nHlllbut^ 
^metrically  opposite  to  what  had  been  antteiuigirti|K 
and  it  appeared,  that  instead  of  %  trifling  affidii* 
more  likely  to  fill  our  pockets,  than  to  add,to  our 
lipnown,  we  had  emWked  in  an  un^ertakiii|^ioll 
plasented  difficulties  nottobe  surmounted,  widioiit 
patjipnce  and  determinad(Hi.v  ^hm 

Haylipg  efi|cted  this  change  of  positbn,  and  o# 
yg^'the  Umfjff  ^s  army  widi  a  strqfgipii^^f 

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4l0MHlMtar  by  the  unexficd^llitti^il^^ 

ilifiiMb  of  kosft  was  kfimf^it(^l^i|j|bni''id^ft^ 

imM.tikte  officen  WIS  dl^ritiihed  to  tul^iipkih 

IligMilf  tli9  cQumpnd  of  the  trmjf  .    Sailfitig^  in^ 

fitp'milf.  wilh  the  lacttt*,  as  his '  secfond  In  coti^ 

pjytt:  j^ethad  been  favoured,  during  the  wha||  /; 

f  jmitge,  by  Ik  finssh  and  hit  wind,  and  nour  arrived 

li^iiya  ,to  see  his  troops  brought  into  a  aitttation 

ironi^^iich  aK  his  abilities  could  scarcely  expect 

ta  9|l|iiQate  them.  Nor  were  the  troops  themsektii 

i|p«|Mit  of  the  unfavourable  circumstances  id 

'frlich>they  sfDOd.-    Hoping  everything,  therefore^ 

li!W»a<ehange,  they  greeted  th^far  new  leader  with 

fmhearfy  cheer  ^  while  the  confidence  which  past 

ew^i^iiad  tended  in  sorhe  degree  to  dispel,  re^ 

livi9nf4j9^c^  nio^  of  all.    It  wai 

ay,'  andF«niimber  of  officers  clubbing 

^ock  of  provisions,  resolved^  dine  t6^ 

i§M^ler  in  memvi^  of  former  times.    But  at  so  me-' 

iiW|h<tfya  Chrisimas  dinner  I  do  not  recollect  at 

itoy  tiiftf ,  tO'4Mit^e  been  pNi||pt.    We  dined  ki^ 

^;.    iMfn  f  ^C4>liiciM,  knhres  9^  forks  th^e  wa^||  d&- 

mm  mal  scarcity,  nor  could  ow  fare  boast  of  much  e^ 


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t|e^ il^  Wbpl^.lpQgtV'  fopiped  part  of  di|i^|p(PK% 

flf^olb^FoNW^  ra^  of  futuirelRteiij||yt%|i|9pf 
i^pved  to  tc^ic^md  now  aQd«tlijpiiii<%M«fioi|| 
the  fciipOiier  drew  our  attention  to  ours«Iye^}^iji| 
tboughloo  far  removed  from  the  river  tcbir/^ 
mvL^  danger,  we  were  stilt  within  cannonf^hol:  flf 
our  enemy.  Nor  was  she  inactive  in^JMf  atteteiptB . 
to  mdest*  Elevating  her  guns  to  »  grean^^eefS, 
sh(s  contrived  occasionally  to  strike  the  ws 
buflding  within  which  we  sat;  but  the  fonse 
ball  was  too  far  spent  to  penetrate, .  and  i(loii|i 
therefore  produce  no  serious  alarm.  f 

While  we  were  tlius  sitting  attable,  a  loudsbrKk 
was  heard,  after  i)ne  of  these  explosions«  and  on 
running  out,  we  found  that  a  shot  had  ti^^ii'^&jiit 
in  the  body  of  an  unWunate  soldier^ 
this  incident,  because  I  never  beheld 
being  so  great  a  tenacity  of  life.  1  „_  ^ 
cut  in  two  at  the  lower  part  of  the  belly,  1|ie 
wretch  lived  for  nearly  an  hour,  g&^ing  for  ^ath^ 
£md  giying  signs  evm^of  pain* 

But  to  return  to  my,i)arralive :  as  s^^^hi 
reached  the  camp,  Sir  Edward  proceeded-tb  exs^ 
mine,  with  a  soldier's  eye,  every'  |)oinf  i^iji^tfu^ 
within  viev^  Of  the  Ameriom  ttm^H^lfig 
Iftver  ^tdd  be.piv0eive%  exclpt  ft«oi^of  ob$> 


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i^fJBt  asd  uhbrokeM*  wi^  iM  'het  t)f  ^^countiy;' 
^ii|%^d  di'cuiiis^hces,  Tittle  insight  ^t|d^ 
^yi  ofafiaii^'CO^d  tie  obtained  by  recdiMti'ing' 
i^lt^  things  indeed,  which  he  could  leamffii^ 
ItfeCs,  that  while  the  vessels  kept  their  pftos^t 
sl^k^  bpon  the  river,  no  advance  could  Ijie  made; 
^^he  feit  that  every  moment's  delay  was  lii- 
fto  lis,  and  favourable  to  the  enemy j  he"  ifcf'f 
'  -forembVi^ese  incumbrances,  and  to  push' 
{iihv«Ed  as  soon  as  possible. 
'*  With'this  view  tiine  field-pieces, two  howitzers^ 
^d'piife  tnoit£tr  were  brought  down  to  the  brink 
6^yibMe|i?;i)  ds  soon  as  it;was  dark.  Wording 
ke  ordered  out,  by  whom  a  bat- 
up  opposite  to  the'  schooner ;  and 
in  readiness,  at  dawiion  the 
i^li^avy-tiaiindnade  was  opened  upon  her  wifli 
•ed-iidi:  ^6t.  Itwas  not  long  Ipeifore  we  could 
perceive  h^rWw  hastening  llltb  their  boats,  whil|'  4& 
le  ^iti!Ci3%»  SftiiCh  biegah  to  rise  from  her  decks^ 
^^atMiebalj^likdl^kendSeiSt.  She  was, 
i|^t^%tj^,^di«|being1band6i^Mr^       it- 

$t^^|1^i|{f^ii^  ^ 

t'^  si^  VfiH  a  iBiii^  QhCv&t  W  i«i  it 


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It  injury^  and  Ili4  not  a»^to  a| 
1^  ^panflg  IM  reioao^ftU  ai 

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30& 


to  act  as  circumstances  and  llie  nature  of  the 
ground  would  permit ;  while  the  dragoons,  few  of 
whom  hadais  yet  provided  themselves  with  horses, 
were  appoinipl  to  guard  the  hospitals,  and  to  se- 
cure the  wotjnded  from  any  sudden  surprise  or 
molestation  from  the  rear. 

But  the  day  was  too  far  spent  in  making  these 
arrangements^  and  in  clearing  the  way  for  future 
operaticms,  to  permit  any  movement  before  the 
morrow.  The  whole  of  the  26th  was  therefore 
spent  in  bringing  up  stores,  ammunition,  and  a  few 
heavy  guns  from  the  ships,  which  being  placed  in 
battery  upon  the  banks  of  (he  river,  secured  us 
against  the  return  of  our  floating  adversary.  All 
this  was  done  quietly  enough,  nor  was  there  any 
cause  of  alarm  till  after  sun-set ;  but  from  that 
time  till  towards  dawn,  we  were  kept  in  a  constant 
slkte^  ot  anxiety  and  agitation.  Sending  down 
||1|aaU  i^l|lpes  of  riflemen,  the  American  General 
j^rfj^oc^^r  piquets,  killed  and  wounded  a  few  of 
die  fletitinelS)  and  prevented  the  main  body  from 
obtaining  aiiy  sound  or  refreshing  sleep.  Scarcely 
had  the  troops  lain  down,  when  they  were  roused 
by  a  sharp  firing  at  the  outpoits,  which  lasted  only 
till  they  were  in  order,  and  then  ceased ;  but  as 
soon  as  they  had  dispersed,  and  had  once  more 
addressed  themselves  to  repose,  the|ame  cause  of 
alarm  returned,  and  they  were  again  called  to  their 
ranks.    Thus  was  the  entire  night  spent  in  watch- 

R  r 


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'310  ATTACK. 

ing,  or  aibest  in  broken  and  di^Uirbed  slumbers, 
than  which  nothing  is  more  trying,  both  to  the 
health  and  spirit  of  an.  army.  ^ 

With  the  piquets,  again,  it  faBJi^Wren  worse. 
For  the  out-posts  of  an  army  to  sleqpiB  (i^t  all  times 
considered  as  a  thing  impossible ;  but  in  modem 
and  civilised  warfare  they  are  nevertheless  looked 
upon,  in  some  degree,  as  sacred.  Thus,  while  two 
European  armies  remain  inactively  facing  each 
other,  the  out-posts  of  neither  are  molested,  unless 
a  direct  attack  upon  the  main  body  be  intended ; 
nay,  so  far  is  this  tacit  fpod  understanding  carried, 

that  I  have  myself  beheld  French  and  English  sen- 

'4'*''''"  '■»* 

tinels  not  more  than  twenty  yarifs  apart.    But  the 

Americans  entertained  no  such  chivalric  notions. 
An  enemy  was  to  them  an  enemy,  whether  alone, 
or  in  the  midst  of  five  thousand  comps^iions ;  and 
they  therefore  counted  the  death  of  cypty  indivi- 
dual as  so  much  taken  from  the  strexij^  of  the 
whole.  In  point  of  fact,  they  no  doubt  reasoned 
correctly,  but  to  us  at  least  it  appeared  an  unge- 
nerous return  to  barbarity.  Whenever  diey  could 
approach  unperceived  widiin  proper  distance  of 
our  watch  fires^  six'&r  eight  riflemen  would  fire 
amongst  the  party  that  sat  round  them,  while  one. 
or  two,  stealing  as  close  to  each  sentinel  as  a  regard 
to  their  own^ety  would  permit,  acted  the  part  of 
assassins  ramer  than  of  soldiers,  and  attempted  to 
murder  them  in  cold  blood.     For  the  officers,  like- 


i  •  I  ■■■I  \  / 


% 


limbers,             i  1, 
\i  to  Uie              w 

1  worse.                1 

Eill  times    .            1 

modem               M 

s  looked               ■ 

rhile  two                I 

ng  each               a 

],  uiiless               I 

itended;              1 

carried,               1 

;lishsen-                1* 

J3utthe               1 

notions.               1 

er  alone,               1 

ins ;  an^d              1 
Y  in^vi-               ■ 

1  of  the              1 

reasoned          -    I 
m  unge-               ■ 

ey  could              ■ 

tance  of              1 

mid  Ere              I 

rhile  one.             1 

a  regard              1 

e  part  of             m 

npted  to              fl 

^rs,  like-              S' 

MAECU.  9^ 

wise,  when  going  their  rounds,  they  oonstantiy  lay 
m  wait;  aiid  thus,  by  a  continued  dropping  fire, 
they  not  only  wotmded  soine  of  those  against 
vih0tii  thelgiipi^as  directed,  but  occasioned  consi- 
deiiEAe  alraKiand  uneasiness  throughout  the 
whole  line. 

Having  continued  this  detestable  system  of  war- 
fare till  towards  morning,  they  retired,  aiid  left  us 
at  rest  But  as  soon  as  day  began  to  break,  our 
P|iquets  were  called  in,  and  the  troops  formed  in 
order  of  attack.  The  right  column,  under  General 
Gibbs,  took  post  near  the  skirts  of  the  morass, 
throwing  out  skirmbhers  halfway  across  the  plain, 
while  the  left  column  drew  up  upon  the  road,  co- 
veted by  the  rifle  corps,  which  in  extended  order 
met  the  skirmishers  from  the  odier.  With  this 
last  divison  went  the  artillery,  already  well  sup- 
pljpd  with  horses ;  and,  at  the  signal  given,  the 
whole  moved  forward. 

It  wisi  a  clear  frosty  morning,  the  mists  had  dis- 
pessed,  and  the  sun  shone  brightiy  upon  our  arms 
when  tire  began  our  march.  The  enemy's  corps  * 
of  observation  fell  back  as  we  advanced,  without 
offering  in  any  way  to  impede  our  progress,  and  it 
was  impossible  to  guess,  ignorant  as  we  were  of 
the  position  of  his  main  bodyj  at  what  moment  op'- 
position  might  be  expected.  Nor,  in  truth,  waf 
it  matter  of  itiuch  anxiety.  Our  spirits,  in  spite 
j»f  die  troubles  of  the  night,  were  good,  and  our  ex- 


■*♦?■ 


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pectattofiii  of  success  were  high,  'Oonsequent^ 
muiy  rude  jests  were  bandied  about,  and  manjr 
careless  words  spoken.  For  soldiers  are,  of  all 
classes  of  men,  the  freest  from  iMl^tod  on  tiJMit 
accdbnt,  perhaps,  the  most  hapipg^p^iag  obn- 
tinually  exposed  to  it,  danger  witnlnem  ceases  tO) 
be  fri^titful ;  of  death,  they  haVe  no  mcni  terrOT 
tfian  the  l^sts  that  perish,  and  even  hardships, 
such  as  cold,  wet,  hunger,  and  broken  rest,  lose 
at  least  part  of  their  disagreeableness,  by  the  ire- 
"  quency  of  their  recurrence. 

%A.  Moving  on  in  this  merry  mood^  we  advanced 
%  about  four,or  five  miles  without  the  smallestcheck 
or  hindrance ;  when,  at  length,  we  found  ourselves 
in  view  of  the  enemy's  army,  posted  in  a  very^< 
vantageoi^s  manner.  About  for^  yards  in  thdr 
front  was  a  canal,  which  extended  from  the  mo- 
rass to  within  a  short  distance  of  die  high  roid. 
Along  their  line  were  thrown  up  breatst-works, 
not  indeed  completed,  but  even  now  formidable* 
Upon  tl^  road,  and  at  several  other  points  lisr^ . 
' erected  powerful  batteries;  while  the  ship,  with  a 
large  flotilla  of  gun-boats,  flanked  the  whole  posi- 
tion frotn  the  river. 

When  I  say  diat  we  came  in  sight  off  die  enemy, 
I  do  not  mean  that  he  was  gradually  exposed  to 
lis  in  such  a  manner,  as  to  leaVe  time  for  cool  exa- 
mination and  reflection.  „On  ^;>cight,  indeed,  he 
was  seen  for  some  time,  but  oi^  the  left,  a  few 


r*  ■■    " 


.*• 


# 


» 


-'  >      "% 


*  •  ftj  -«,     . . 

houses  bniltat  ai  tHrnittg  m  thettMd,  ^tirelj  con- 
cealed htm ;  nor  was  it  till  ^ey  had  gahied  that 
turning;,  and  beheld  the  rtiiiz2les  of  his  guns  pointed 
towflrab  thdijipit  those  who  moved  in  this  direc- 
tion were  awi|^<|l  their  pnuclhiity  to  danger.  But 
that  danger  wtis  indeed  near,  they  were  quickly 
taught' ;  for  sdircely  had  the  head  of  the  column 
ptssed  the  hduses,  when  a  deadly  fire  was  opened 
fitom  both  the  battery  and  the  shipping.  That  the 
Americans  are  excellent  shots,  as  well  with  artillery 
as  with  rifles,  we  have  had  frequent  c^use  to  ac- 
knowledge; but,  perhaps,  on  no  occasion  did  they 
assert  their  claim  to  the  title  of  good  artillery-men 
more  efiectually  than  on  the  present  Starce  a  . 
ballet  passed  over,  or  fell  short  of  its  mark,  but  all 
sticking  full  into  the  midst  of  our  ranks,  occasioned 

•i 

terrible  havoc.  "Hie  shrieks  of  the  wounded^there- 
foil'e;  the  crash  of  ^relocks,  and  the  fall  of  such  as     ;^ 
weire  killed,  caused  at  first  some  litde  confusion ; 
and  what  iidded  to  die  panic,  was,  that  from  tf# 
houses  beside  which  we  stood,  bright  flames  sud- 
dbfidy  burst  out.    The  Americans  expecting  ^lll''^ 
attkck,  had  filled  them  with  combustibles  for  the 
purpose ;  and  directing  one  or  two  guns  against 
them,  loaded  with  red-hot  shot,  in  an  instant  set  ^ 
them  on  firfe.    The  scene  was  altogether  very  ^ 
si)|bliine.  A  tremendous  cannonade  mowed  doilm^^' 
our  ranks,  aiid  de^lened  us  with  its  roar; 


■if^ 


.■  ■■*. 


J* 


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314  ||TTACX. 

two  burge  chateaux  and  thdlr  out-buildmgt,  abnoft 
scorched  us  wHh  the  flames,  an<d  blinded  vk  with 
the  smoke  which  they  emitted.  ^ 

The  infantfy^  however,  was  iii^l(^  sufi^d  tb 
remain  dius  exposed  |  but,  beiiu^||lered  to  quit 
the  path,  and  to  form  line  in  the  JSids,  the  artillery 
was  brought  up,  and  opposed  to  that  of  the  enemy. 
Butthe  contest  was  in  every  respect  unequal,  sincd 
their  artillery  far  exceeded  our.  <  both  in  numerical 
strength  and  weight  of  metal.  The  consequence 
was,  that  in  half  an  hour,  two  of  our  field-pieces, 
and  one  field-mortar,  were  dismounted;  many  <lf 
the  gunners  were  killed ;  and  the  rest,  after  an  in- 
effectual attempt  to  silence  the  fire  of  die  shipping, 
were  obliged  to  retire.  ^ 

In  the  mean  time,  the  infantry  having  formed 
Ime,  advanced  under  a  heavy  discharge  of  round 
and  grape  shot,  till  they  were  checked  by  th6  ap- 
pearance of  the  canal.  Of  its  depth,  they  were  of 
•"Course  ignorant,  and  to  attempt  its  passlage  without 
having  ascertained  whether  it  could-  be  forded, 
might  have  been  productive  of  fatal  consequences. 
A  halt  was  therefore  ordered,  and  the  men  yMt 
commanded  to  shelter  themselves  as  well  as  they 
could  from  the  enemy^  fire.  For  this  purpose, 
they  were  hurried  into  %  wet  ditch,  of  sufficient 
.  depth  to  cover  the  knee^^  where,  leaning  forward, 
diey  concealed  themsehres  behind  some  high 


'^ 


,..-  ...^ -- 


''-It' 


lib  with 

ifiSbdU) 
1  to  quit 
artiUdry 
:  enemy, 
lal,  since 
iimerical 
leqiience 
d-pieceSy 
many  df 
»r  an  in- 
shipping, 

gfomded 
|of  round 
ly  thfc  ap- 
y  were  of 
e  without 
e  forded, 
iquences. 

as  they 

purpose, 

Isufficient 

forward, 

le  high 


.'ti;., 


R 


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f 


JtlAT. 


1" 

315 


rushes^  which  grew  upc^  its  brink,  d  thus 
escaped  nttuiy  bullets  which  fiell  round  them  in 
all  diiictions^^^ 

Thus  fare«bith  the  left  of,  the  army,  while 
the  right,  thou^  less  exposed  to  the  cannonade, 
was  not  more  successful  in  its  object.  The  same 
impediment  which  checked  one  column,  forced 
the  other  likewse  to  pause ;  and  after  having 
driven  in  an  advanced  body  of  the  enemy,  and  en- 
deavoured, without  effect,  to  penetrate  through 
the  marsh,  ,it  also  was  commanded  to  halt.  In  a 
word,  all  thought  of  attacking  was  for  this  day*^ 

abapck^^^  $  ^^^  i^  ^^^  only  remained  to  with- 
draw  the  troops  from  their  present  perilous  situa- 
tion,  with  as  little  loss  as  possible. 

The  first  thing  to  be  done  was  to  remove  the 
dispiQunted  guns.    Upon  this  enterprize,  a  party 
of  sean^en  was  employed,  who,  running  forward  to 
the  spot  where  they  lay,  lifted  them,  in  spite  of 
the  whole  of  the  enemy's  fire,  and  bore  them  off 
in  triumph.  As  soon  as  this  was  effected,  regimei^^ 
alii  regiment  stole  away ;  not  in  a  body,  but  one 
by  one,  under  t||e  same  discharge  which  saluted 
^ir  approach.    But  a  retreat,  thus  conducted, 
necessarily  occupied  ii|uch  time.  Noon  had  there- 
fore long  past,  before  the  last  corps  was  brought 
off;  and  when  we  again  began  to  muster,  twilight 
was  approaching.   We  did  not,  hofWever,  retire  to 
our  former  position ;  but,  having  fallen  back  only 


■*> 


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ti. 


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^^^..■" 


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316  PAUIB«- 

about  two  miles  from  the  canal,  where  it  wu  sup. 
posed  that  we  should  be  beyond  reach  of  annoyance 
fr^m  the  American  artillery,  we  there  established 
ourselves  for  the  r^ght,  having  sufpsied  less  during 
the  day  than,  from  our  exposed  situation,  and  the 
enemy's  heavy  fire,  might  have  been  expected. 
.^  The  ground  which  we  now  occupied  resembloil» 
in  almost  every  particular,  what  we  had  quitted. 
We  agam  extended  across  the  plain,  from  the 
|»  marsh  to  the  river ;  no  wood,  or  cover  of  any  de- 

scription concealing  our  line,  or  obstructing  the 
Tiew  of  either  army ;  while,  i^th  in  firont  and 
rear,  was  an  open  space,  laid  out  in  fields,  and  inter- 
sected by  narrow  ditches.  Our  outposts,  however, 
were  pushed  forward  to  some  houses  within  a  few 
hundred  yards  of  the  enemy's  works,  sendirfg  out 

advanced  sentinels  even  farther ;  and  the  head- 

- «.  '  >  ■ 

quarters  of  the  army  were  established  near  the  spot 
where  the  action  of  the  23d  had  been  fought 

In  this  situation  we  remained  inactive  during 
the  28th,  29th,  and  30th ;  but  not  so  the  enemy* 
Day  and  night  we  could  observe  numerous  parjils 
employed  in  strengthening  his  lines ;  while  from 
the  increased  numbeirof stents,  which  almost  every 
hour  might  be,  discerned, it  was  evident  that  strong 
reinforcements  were  continually  pouring  into  his 
qamp.  Nor  did  he  leave  us  totally  unmolested. 
By  giving  to  hi|  guns  a  great  degree  of  elevation, 
he  contrived  at  last  to  reach  our  bivouac ;  and  thus 


# 


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3    7 


wwi  wwctMRUfiincier  ft  c)tintMii»< which, 

WNi|pi  it  oM  littM  exwniiony  'pravwnwfiRnattli 

'^tMhiidy  aimoying.    BbidttrM^lltf  ilbMbbi^ 

torcMtt  batMpi  on  the  opposite  bUik  ofllle  Mver; 

ftcMHi  whicbWiikiog  filt^toMld^be  thf^^lrittos 

in^  JMite  iro^i  of  his  positibn.    In  sitort,  he 

t^fTf  prateafcrtioif  which  prudeilce  could 

\%  and  for  th^  reception  of  which;  the  n&ture 

ofJiif^  post  was  so  admirably  adapted. 

,  Under  these  circumstances,  it  wtts  evident  that 

the  longer  an  attack  Was  delayed,  the  kii  likely 

'wav.it  to  succeed ;  that  something  must  be  done 

immiwately  every  one  perceived,  buthow  #pio- 

<ei^' was  thedifficulty.    If  we  attempted  tosHdhn 

4ie  Aiperican  lines,  We  Should  expose  owsieires  to 

afan^t  certain  destruction  from  their  artillery ;  to 

tiuih  theth,  seeined  to  be  impossible;  and  toiiMw 

^eir  iroops  by  any  manoeuvring  fh>m  behlhid  ihlrir 

eiiflisnchments,  was  a  thing  altogether  Out  of- the 

^estioib   There  seemed^  Ihereforey  to  be  but  one 

'^ibracticable  mode  ff  assault :  wlifch  ivas,  to  treat 

Jhese  field-works  as  one  WQuld^treat  a  tegular  ftri^ 

m(»tion ;  by  erecting  breaching  bat^liries  agi^st 

,th(BRl,'and  »igM:ing,  if  it  were  possible,  at  least 

^^ifte^iof  thek^U^    f  6  this  plan,  therefore^^^id 


iMtt  resort ;  a»dr'1#t0nseq1jilhce,  the  #!k>le 
df  4M  Ihree  days '"^ftrs  bihploj^ed  in'lii^g 

ai^^itit(initid<H'f firftid 


caiinoil^^ 
'il|fking  siich  p^paiiEiti^ns  ^  iUpt  1ia1%  liUflleed 
i<^a^i«lger^--  ■■'  ■■■•.,.....-.v-.r 

Ss 


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<%* 


At  l0ii|||n^nivlng  coinplemB  'llMi^MiiifjiiMMii^ 
aifdiilKlfiM^litiij^l^^  MiidireliMM' 

eiiM  M  «llMiie  IteoMit^Qtaiieral  PikenhamdMiiM  " 
miiMd  tir  <iDmiliefice  VpemtiMw  without  diK^^ 

on  the  night  of  the  Slst,  ind  maing&d  to  thelNlHf 
passing  the  ]Mquet8,  and  halting  about  three 
dred  yards  from  the  enemy's  line.    Her#ft  ivit^ 
resolved  to  throw  up  a  chain  of  works ;  and  liavp 
the  greatiSr  part  of  this  detachment,  lining  down  - 
their  firelocks,  applied  themselvies  vigorously  10  ^' 
their  tasks,  while  the  rest  stood  armed  and'pre*>>' 
ptred  for  th6ir  defence.  -^ 

The  night  was  dark,  and  our  people  nrnintaki^d 
a  profbupd  silence ;  by  which  rnean^  hot  f^i  idea 
of  whirt  was  going  on  existed  in  the  Ameijcan  * 
camp.  Labouring,  therefore,  with  aU^diligenoo^*, 
six  batteries  were  completed  long  before  dawn,  in 
whi^h  were  mounted  thirty  pieces  of  heavy  cannon; 
when,  &fling  back  a  U^e  way,  thb  force  umt«d 
itself  to  th#  rei^Mdnder  of  thcynfantry,  and  la^ 
^wn  behind  somi  rushes,  in  readiness  to  act,  as 
soon  as.il  should  be  wanted.  ^ 

In  the  erectbn  of  these  btttterie&^Afiircumstance 
occurred  worthy?  of  notice j  onlacelunt  of  its  sin- 
guburhy.    I  have  alreai^tatMfed,  that  th^^^iele  oft" 
tt^#rtrict  was  covered  wil^  ibe9tttbUem«(|gar- 
caj^;".^  I  mi^  haveadded,- that  every^^lbre-; 
ho|tteM»iltb«ni^pac|led  to  the  different  marilions' 
scattered  over  i^  \vas  filled  with  battels  oT^^iirir. 


i 


» 


4^ 


.* 


•  f  ■•    4. 


CNHPr 

ee 
nd  Imvo 

gdcMHrQ 

nd'pra-'' 


tetalMiiey  wemitoed  i^righl  uilM.i»»p«tt 
Ql4|ift  bttteriM ;  «iidit  vm  covifmte^f  that  sugar 
m*  thA  vidijie'cC  many  thousand  4>oiinda  sterling 
was  ^lhu»  diflpoled  of . 


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t'%1. 


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iMiidoi 
najican'' 
%eno«|t^ 
awn,  in 
iannon; 
unitt^ 
nd  la^ 
act,  as 


istan'ce 
its  sin- 


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LETTER  XXII. 


^'^^ 


•»r  ■ 


The  uifantry  having  retired,  and  the  gunmr^*' 
taken  their  station,  dawn  was  anxiously  expected. 
But  the  morning  of  the  1st  of  January*  chanced  to 
be  {)eculiarly*gloomy.  A  thick  haze  obscured  for 
a  long  time  the  rays  of  the  sun,  nor  could  objebts^*^ . 
bediscemgd  with  any  accuracy  till  a  late  hour. 

But,  at  length,  the  mist  gave  way,ind  ^  Am<e^^ 
rican  ean^  was  fully  exposed  to  viewi.    Bduigst 
this  time  only  three  hundred  jrards  distant^  we  ' 
could  perceive  all  that  was  going  forward'  with 
great  exactness.    The  different  regiments  were 
upon  pftrade ;  and  being  jessed  in  holiday  suit^j' 
presentedrreally  a  fine  «f^arance.  Mounted  offi- 
cers were  ri(]^g  back,w.surds  an4||brward8  throu^ 
the  ranks,  bands  were  playing,  and  coloursfloatiiig'<.l^ 
in  the  air;  in  a  word,  all  seemed  jollity  and  gala  ;^f 
when  sud<i^nly  our  batteries  opciij^jnd  the  face 
of  afiairs  was  instantly  changed.    The  ranks  wei« 
broken;  the  difierent<»rps dispersing,  fl^d  in  all 
dirtiotionsf  while  the  utmost  terror  and  disorder 
appeared^to  prtv^U'    Instead  of  nicely  dressed 
lines,  nothing  baKenfused  crowds  could  noiv  be 


I 


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'** ' 

older  ^s  finaliy^estored. 
ir^  W^ile  this  consternation  prevailed  amongthe  !n<^' 
faiftrjr,  >^eir  wtiUeiy  remained  silc^ ;  but  as  soon 
asihe  fbrmer  rallied,  they  also  reclNrere^cohfid^ce^ 
and  answered  our  salute  witti  great  rapidity  and 
pifeeision.  A  heavy  cannonade  therefore  commenc- 
e#cm  bbth  sides^  and  continued  during  the  iVhble 
of  Hie  day ;  till,  towards  evening,  our  ammunition 
began  to  fail,  and  our  fire  in  conseqiieiiditr  lif 
slacken.  The  fire  oi  the  Americans^  on  Ilie  otfUbf 
httid,  was  vedouUed :  landinga number^f  fgatik 
fifom  the  flotilla,  they  increased  th^ir  artilleiry  td  a 
prodigious  aniount;  and  directing,  sit  the  mt&t 
.thtie,^e  whole  force  of  their  cannon  on  the  %p6^ 
site  bank,  against  the  flank  of  our  batteries,'^^y 
soon  convinced  us,  that  all  endeavours  tolsiirp^ 
them  in  diis  mote  of  fighting,  would  be  useless^ 
Once  mc^^  therefore,  were  we  obliged  to  retire^, 
leaving  our  heavy  guns  to  their  fate ;  bit  as  no 
attempt  w^s  made  by  the  Americans^  to  secure 
them^  w(8ii^g  parties  were  again  sient  out' lifter 
dark^  and  such  as  had  not  been  destroyed,  were 
removed.'       -%^..      "-*'^  ■  '■■    ^ 

Of  the  fatigue  undergone  during  these  opera- 
tions by  the  whole  armyj  from  the  General  ddVi^ 
to  the- meanest  sentinel,  it  would  be  diffiCul^li 
form  an  adequate  conceptidn.    For  twc|-?Whp^ 
nights  and  days,  not  a  man  haid^tosed  iul  -hftf 


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e^Hf^pl  «Mq)|  .^as  wi»!«  cool  enough  tpnslfiep^^mftiit 
showers  of  cannon-ball  $  and  v  during  i}ie  da^y, 
scarce)^  a  ORoment  had  been  alio we,d|  in  whiclvwe 
were  #fc^  30  ipiich  as  tp  br^  oi^r  fast.  We  J9r 
ll^t^fre^ore^llit  only  baffled  and  disappoin^f^ 
but  in  spFne  .degree  disheartened  and  discontented. 
All  oui;.plan^  |)^  as,  yet  proved  abortive ;  evcp 
this, ,  upon  whi^h  so  much  reliance  hafi  t^fsea 
pla£ed»  was  found  to  be  of  no  avail ;  and  itifiiu9t 
hie  cojpfessed,  that  something  like  murmuringbegan 
to  b^  heard  through  the  camp.  And,  in  tsudi,  if 
ever  an  army  might  be  permitted  tomurmux^lt 
was  this.  In  landing,  they  had  borne  gre^t  hardr 
^ip|^  not  only  without  repining,  but  with  cheei!'' 
fi3lE|#$;  their  hopes  had  been  excited  l^HJsft^ 
rmortSy  as  to  the  practicabili^  of  the  attempt  in 
which  they  were  embarked ;  and  now^they  found 
themsdives  ^entan^led  amidsttdifficulties  firom 
which  there  appeared  to  be  no  escape^xcqpt  by 
victory^  In  their  attempts  upon.the  enemy's/liae, 
however,  they  had  been  twiq^  foiled ;  in  artillery, 
they  perceived  themselves  so  greatly  OYermatcheds 
ttiat  th<iF9  own  could  hardly  assist  them ;  thi|ir|Mrq> 
visions  being  derived  wholly  from  the  fleet,  wjre 
^i^th  scanty  and  ccprse ;  and  their  rest  was  con* 
tinually  broken*  For  npt  only  did  the  cannon  and 
nq^ps^  from  the  main  of  t^'  enemy's  jjpsitioit 
||ay  uBptmitting^  upon  them  both  day  and  ni| 
b^t  9iey  weretQi;ewpe  exposed  to  ^  d<^c 


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323 


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fiN»n  the  oppoiitebftnlt  oFthe  river,  where  no  less 
thati  eighteen  pieces  of  artillery  were  now  mounted, 
and  sw^t'  the  eiitire  line  of  our  encampment. 
•  Besi^  all  this,  to  utidertake^the  duty  of  a  piquet, 
Wlts^a^  dangerous  as  to  go  into  lltion.  Parties  of 
Afneriean  sharp-shooters  harassed  and  disturbed 
ti|b9e  appointed  to  that  service,  from  the  time  they 
tOSik  possession  of  their  post,  till  they  were  re- 
Ire^d^f'  while  to  light  firbs  at  night,  was  impossi> 
ble^  because  they  served  but  as  certain  marks  for 
the  enemy's  gunners.  I  repeat,  therefore,  that  a 
little  murmuring  could  not  be  wondered  at.  Be  it 
observed,  however,  that  these  v/cre  not  the  mur* 
mursof  men  anxious  to  escape  from  adisagre^ble 
jMituation  by  any  means.  On  the  contrary,  they 
ittsembled  rather  the  growling  of  a  chained  dog, 
"  when  he  sees  his  adversary,  and  cannot  reach  him; 
for  in  all  their  complaints,  no  man  ever  hinted  at 
ati-eteeat,  while  all  were  eager  to  bring  matters  to 
the  issue  of  a  battle,  at  any  sacrifice  of  lives. 

Nor  was  our  gallant  leader  less  anxious  to  fight 
than  his  followers.  To  fight  upon  something  like 
equal  terms,  however,  was  his  wish ;  and  for  this 
purpose,  a  nevpcheme  was  invented,  worthjf,  for 
its  boldness,  of  ^e  school  in  which  Sir  Edward  had 
^ll^iedfliis  profis^ion.  ,  It  was  detenpihed  to  di- 
j^bt  the- army/ to  slod  pah  across  the  river^^hD 
Id  seize  the  enemy's  guris,  amt  turn'^Aj^  <§^ 
iselv^s;  while  the  remidnder  should  af^e 


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324 


ATTAC«. 


sune  time  make  a  general  assault  along  ^ewimle 
enbrenohment.  But  before  this  plan  could  be  put 
into  execution,  it  would  be  necessarjr  to  cut  a  ca^ 
across  the  entire  necb  of  land  from  the  Bayo  de  • 
Catiline  to  the  rilfe-,  of  sufficient  width  and  deplh 
to  admit  of  boats  being  brought  up  from  the  laktf. 
Upon  this  arduous  undertaking  were  the  troops 
immediately  employed.  Being  divided  into  fimr 
companies,  they  laboured  by  turns,  day  and  hlg^t; 
one  party  relieving  another  after  a  stated  nuniAier 
of  hours,  in  such  order  as  that  the  work  should 
nevei  be  entirely  deserted.  The  fatigue  under- 
gone during  the  prosecution  of  this  attempt,^  nd 
words  can  sufficiently  describe ;  yet  it  was  pursued 
without  repining,  and  at  length,  by  unremitti^ 
exertions,  they  succeeded  in  effiMsting  their  pwtfpoiie 
by  the  6th  of  January.  #  ?- 

While  diese  things  were  going  on,  and  men's 
minds  were  anxiously  turned  towards  approaching 
events,  fresh  spirit  was  given  to  the  army  by  die 
unexpected  arrival  of  Major  General  Lambert,  widi 
the  7th«nd  43d;  two  fine  battalions,  mustering  each 
eight  hundred  effective  men.  By  this  reinforceriie^ 
together  with  the  addition  of  a'|ody  W  asildirS 
and  marines  firom  tlie  fleet,  our  numbers  antouiPeted 
now  lb  Iktie.  short  of  eight  thoi||bld  menj  a  ibkt| 
wh£l^i  hi  almost  any  other  4«irter  of 
i|puld^^^ye  been  irresistible.  Of  the  nui 
^^enemyj  again,  villous  reports  w^  in  d 


ml. 


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|iEii;'SQineiatetingtlieni  itt^  «pdiailihMr9at30,000; 
fi^t.  ^ik^  I  may  come  neur^  the  tmth,  if  I 
llihi0QMM^niiU€kdl9 €!0i}r8«,  andsuppone  «li«ir  whole 
%m'W'  be>iitliout^5y000  men.  It  is  at  least  cer- 
.  Ilio,  flial  ^y  4aEceeded  us  in  liurabcra  as  much 
Iki  they  did  in  resources;  and  that  scarcely  an  hour 
-^liiMed^illiich  did  not  bring  in  new  levies,  to  their 

Z^;^  Th<r' canal,  as  I  have  stated,  being  &ushed  on 
Ibfe  6th»^tMrap  resolved  to  lose  no  time  in  makisg 
»0i0dtit  icfioats  were  accordingly  ordered  up  for 
the  tranaportation  of  1400  men ;  and  Colond 
ii^Kn«(Dn  wiA  the  SSthRegiment,  the  marines,  and 
tt'^r^of  saibrs  was  appointed  to  cross  the  river. 

JpBkiil4  noanbM'  of  untoward  accidents  occurred,  to 
fl|knl  a^^an  of 'operations  as  acnursttely  laid  down 
as  any  in  the  course  of  the  war.  The  soil  throu^ 
which  Ihe  canal  was  dug,  being  soft,  parts  of  the 

I  bahkqgeKre^way,  and  choking  up  the  channel,  pre^ 
vented  the  heaviest  of  the  boats  from  gettklg  kft" 
ward.  vT^ese  agaiil  blocked  up  the  passage,  ao 
diat  none  of  those  which  were  behind,  could  pro* 
ceed,  aikt  thus,  instead  of  a  flotilla  for  tlK  accom*' 
mdC^Ktidil  of  1^100  men,  only  a  numbor  of  boats 
soffibient  to  contain  350  was  enabled  to  reach  their 
djimbatioiii.  \  E^aiDi  these  did  not  airive  at  the 
*  tyme  appoiinted.  y^iCCording  to  the  {nreinnioertecf 
"Mk  ColcMiel  Thornton's  detachment  wa|lD€r<»s 
thihriver  immediately  after#irk.  Th^y  wc^ji^to 
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\.: 


326 


ATTACK. 


push  forward,  so  as  to  carry  all  the  batteries^  and 
point  the '^  guns  bcifore  day  light.;  when,  "bh  the 
throwing  iip  of  a  rocket,  they  were  to  coihtn^eiB 
A'^#rine<upon  the  enemy^s^line,  which  al  the  saml 
tnoment  was  to  be  atraclNfd  by  ^e  niahi  6f 


^. 


1 


army^ 

In  this  mannner  was  one  part  of  the  fiifte  to  act, 
while  the  rest  wo'e  thus  appointed.  Dividinpr  lus 
troops  into  three  columns,  Sir  Edward  directad 
that  General  Keane,  at  the  head  of  liie  95th,  the 
light  companies  of  the  21  st,  4th  and  44lh,  tojgetNa: 
with  the  two  black  corps,  should  make  a  de- 
monstration, or  sham  attack  upon  the  right  $  diidyt 
General  Gibbs  with  the  4th,  21st,  44di,  and  93d, 
should  force  the  enemy's  left,  while  General  Laiti^g^  JL 
bert  with  tbji  >7th  and  48d  remained  in  reserv^ 
ready  to  act  as  circumstances  might  require.  But 
in  storming  an  entrenched  positfoti^  solfiething 
more  than  bare  courage  is  requirea.  Sca^ng  lad- 
dci's  and  fascines  had,  therefore,  been  prepu'ed,  with 
which  to  fill  up  the  ditch  and  mount  the  ti^all;  and 
since  to  carry  these  was  a  service  of  danger,  re- 
quiring a  corps  well  worthy  of  dependence,  the 
44th  was  for  that  purpose  selected,  as  aiegifnent 
of  sufficient  numerical  strength,  and  already  a<||i||; 
tome<i  to  American  warfare.  T|iUS  were  all  M^^ 
afranglf'on  the  night  of  tbl-^,  for  the  8th  lyfs 
fixed  uDOp  as  the  day  decisive  of  the  late  of '. 
©rieans?  * 


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ATTACK. 


387 


■iVc»! 


t  If* 


WbUe  tbc  rest  cf  the  anny,  therefore^  lay  down 
nil  ll|eep  till  they  should  be  roused  up  to  fight,  Co1q« 
q||  'fliornton  with  the  85th,  and  a  corps  of  marines 
i|pl  ^men,  amounting  iQiUl  to  1400  men,  moved^ 
^wn  to  the  brink  of.  thfb  river.  As  yet,  howe;  er> 
np  boats  hadi  airived;  hour  after  hour  elapsed 
.'t)^ore  thqr  came ;  and  when  they  did  come,  the 
pi\i9for(unes,  which  I  have  stated  above  were  dis^ 
CQverf^,  for  out  of  all  that  had  been  ordered  up, 
<^4y  a  fey^  made  their  appearance.  Still  it  was 
a}>soIute)y  necessary  that  this  part  of  the  plan 
^shpuld  be  cafiried  into  execution.  Dismissing, 
therefore,  the  rest  of  his  followers,  the  Colonel  put 
JUlim^fat  the  head  of^  his  own  regiment,  about 
^i^  seamen,  and  as  many  marines,  and  with  this 
small  force,  consisting  of  no  more%an  340  men, 
pushed  off.  But,  unfortunately,  the  loss  of  time 
nothing  couldvepair.  Instead  of  reaching  the  op- 
posite bank,  at  latest  by  midnight,  dawn  was 
beginning  to.  appear  before  the  boats  quitted  the 
canal.  It  was  in  vain  that  they  rowed  on  in  per- 
fect silence,  and  with  oars  muffled,  gsikiing  the 
pQUit  of  debarkation  without  being  perceived.  It 
in  vain  lliat  they  made  good  their  landing  and 
ie4  i^p<Hi  the  beach,  without  opposition  or 
iurni;  Jay  ha|^eady  broke,  and  the  signal 


liur 


'^•■'^  f  J. 


ket  was  seeiivm  the  air,  while  the^^n^  yet 


miles  from  the  batteries,  which  oiigli^h^urs 
ago  to  have  been  taken. 


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r  -  j'f  :=♦   17 


In  tfie  mean^thne,  the  main  body  mmd  and 
moved  im^mrd  some  ^iray  in  firont  of  tfie  pi^oatss 
Thtikc  th(6y  litood  vniiting  for  day-light,-  and^lifF^> 
tenirtg  witb  the  great6st'>  anxiety  for  the  4lriii^* 
wkoh  6t||ht  iilovirto  be  heai^  on  tiMs'dpiMiiite  hailk^) 
But^is  attention -wfa  exerted  in  vaiiif  and  day 
dawned  upon  them  JoAg  before  they  desi»6d  itii^«|9^^ 
pearartce.    Nor  was  Sir<  £dward  Palienham  dis^^ 
aj^inted  in  this  part  of  his  plan  alone.   Instead 
of  ^rceiving  every  thing  in  readiness  Hqt  the  as-* 
satilt,  he  saw  his  trodps  in  battle  array,  indued,  but 
not  a  ladder  or  fascine  upon  the  field.    The44diy> 
which  was  appointed  to  carr}'them,  had  either  mis- 
undi^Btood  or  neglected  their  orders;  and Hoir- 
headed  the  colt|pn  of  attack,  without  any  >fh(E»ili^ 
being  provided  for  crossing  the  enemy^^  ditch,  or 
scaling  his  rampart.  . 

The  iikdignation  of  poorPakenharIt  onjthiaocca: 
sioh  may  t>e  imagined,  but  c^nnpt  be  described* 
GalAping  towards  Colonel  Mullens,  who  led  the 
44th,  he  commanded  him  instantly  to  return  with 
his  regiment  fotvthe  ladders,  buv  ^e  opportunity 
of  planting  them  was  lost,  and  though  they  were 
brou^it  up,  it  Was  only  to  be  scsttefecfcover  the 
field  by  the  frightened  beardrs.  F6r  <Mirtrofkp||» 
were  by  tl^is  time  visible  to  thdwftemy.  A  dread- 
ful fireswas  accordingly  opened' ^^p6R  them, 
thaj^  were%!owed  dovgi  by  hundreds;  whHe  th< 
sto6d  wttfting  for  orders.     *    '  '  "^^  '     « 


* 


1(     ... 


^•'^'w*- 


•'-*r'<*rj»5f«MM»"*»;, 


<  »  ■ 


«- 


rit 


a  »■ 


ATTACKl 


389 


^ ,  fSeeiOftlMt  aU  his  weU->lBMi  piiimwetilhirtnrte^^ 
ftdccnlwim  giv«  the  word  lo  «^««iioe,«iid>lbe  6thOT 
rfpmmnif  "mving  the  44th  with  the  kddeM  and 
fii0cili«Bbehind  theilif  rushed  on  tytheassault.  On 
the  left,  «  dettKJhment  of  the  95thf  31st,  end  4thj 
stormed  atfiree  gun  battery  and  took  it.  Here  tfiey 
nmoained  for  aome  time  in  the  expectation  of  sup- 
port'} liilit  none  arriving,  and  a  strong  column  of 
thto  eneiny  forming  for  its  recovery,  they  deterv 
robed  to  anticipate  the  attack,*  and  pushed  oi# 
T4ie  battary  which  they  had  taken  was  in  advance 
of  the  body  of  the  works,  being  cut  off  from  it  by 
a  liKleh j  across  which  only  a  single  plank  was 
ithiown.  Along  this  plank  did  these  brave  men 
atteinpt  to  pass  $  but  being  opposed  |t>y  overpower- 
ing numbers,  they  were  repulsed;  and  the  Ameri- 
cans, in  turn,  forcing  dieir  way  into  the  battery,  at 
length  succeeded  in  recapturing  it  with  immense 
slaughter.  Qn  the  right,  again,  the  21st  and  4th 
being  almost  cut  to  pieces  and  thrown  into  solne 
confusion,  by  the,  enemy's  fire,  the  93d  pu^d  on 
and  toc^  the  lead.  Hastening  forward,  our  troops 
•  aooii  reached  the  ditch ;  but  to  scale  the  parapet 
.wi|||piit  ladders  was  impossible.  Some  few,  m* 
dceflji^j^  mouHtii^  one  upon  another'aahoulden, 
succeeded  in  entei^i^  the  works,  but  th^Mr  were 
tevidy  overp^nr^r^d,  anofitof  them  killed,  aild^e 
tJb.  tftken^  while  as  nnany  »§  stood  withoiMnMraf^ 
expoied  io  ft  sweeping  fire,  which^cut  them  down 


:^    .•; 


Jf 


«i 


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JTJ 


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If.; 


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v«-. 


'o-^ 


jSd    '  ATTACK. 

fagr^HMc  oompMHQi.  vlt  was  in  rm  Dmt  Ik 
moit  dbitiwlfrrOQonfe  wm  dispbyed.  "OnqTM 
bfifac  hinds  of  maiiKrlioni  i^Mh^^tiyMm 
am i  iatt>iht  f  Ainiricans»  ii4^o«t .  m  omiqIi  ,99 
Hftmg  dm  faces  above  tli^faiiipai^  swung  thfir 
fifeloeks^  one  arm  over  tiie  wall,  an<|^|^sGl|ii|ped 
thtm  directly  upon  tlieir  heads.  Thpwh^ofUhe  . 
guns,  likewise,  fifom  the  otpfiosite  bank»  <1m^  «ip 
3  well  directed  and  deadly  caimonada  uf^qn  thei^ 
flank ;  and  thus  were  •  Aey  destroyed  without  an 
opportunity  being  given  of  displaying  their  vakw, 
or  obtaining  so  much  as  revenge.  <  / 

,iiyoor  Pakenham  saw  how  things  .^rsit  going, 
and  did  all  that  a  General  could  do  to  rally  hisv 
broken  troops.  Riding  towards  the  44th,^wl|iQh 
had  returned  to  the  ground,  but  in  great  disordq*, 
he  called  out  for  Colonel  l^ullens  to  advance;  but 
that  officer  had  disappeared,  and  was  not  to  be 
found.  He,  therefore,  prepared  to  lead  them  on 
iiil&self,  and  had  put  himself  at  their  head  for  that 
'|>urpQBe^  when  he  received  a  slight  wout^  in 
the  knee  from  s  musket  ball,  which,  killed  his 
horse.  Mounting  another,  he  again  headed  the 
'44th,  wheu  «  second  ball  took  e^t  more  fy^y, 
aiid  he  dipped  lifeless  into  the  arms  of  his  aide- 

de-cui^pi** 

I*^or  were  General  Gibbs  and  I^ane  biaGtiijL 
Biding  through  the  ripksy  diey  strove  bp|^  means 
to  encourage  the  assauants  and  recal  the  tugitiyes; 

.   "  .  ...  ■    ^* 


%• 


#■ 


1^ 


i    \ 


* 


ATTACK. 


331 


till  at  lengdi  Ikith  were  wounded^  and  bomb  off 
the  field.  ^^  was  iioiv^€Qa6iiiQa^Mi^.<&iia^. 
Witheut  leaders,  ignovant  of  what  in«»  tc^lie  done, 
the  trdops  first  haiti^  and  then  began  Id fCtire; 
tUl  "finally  the  retfeat  was  changed  kito  a  flight, 
and  they  quhfted  the  ground  in  the  utmoet  dlaoidir. 
Blithe  nUteat  was  covered  in  gallant  style?  by  the 
leaervei  Making  a  forward  motion,  the  7th  and 
43d  pllaented  the  appearance  of  a  renewed  attack; 
^ty  which  the  enemy  were  so  much  awed,  that  they 
did  not  venture  beyond  their  lines  in  pursuit  df 
the  fugitives.  >4. 

While  affiurs  were  thus  disastrously  conducted 
in  this  ifiKirter,  the  party  under  Colonel  ThorolQO 
had -gained  the  landing-place.  On  stepping 
a-sh<!>ii^  the  first  thing  they  beheld  was  a  rocket 
thrown  up  as  a  signal  tiiat  the  battle  was  begun. 
This  unwelcome  sight  added  wings  to  their  speed. 
Forming  in  one  little  column,  and'  pushing  for- 
ward a  single  company  as  an  advanced  guard, 
they  hastened  on,  and  in  half  an  hour  reached  a 
canal/  along  the  opposite  brink  of  which  a  detach^ 
ment  df  Americans  was  drawn  up.  To  didodge 
them  was  the  work  of  a  ntoment;  a  boat  with  a  car- 
ronade  in  her  bow,  got  upon  their  flank,  gave  them 
»sing^  dbcharge  of  grape,  while  the  advantpid 
guard  extended  its  ranks,  and  approa^d  at 
^^iilible  quicl^timet  But  they  scarcely  wii^  till 
ti  lal^  were  within   |ange,  when,   fi^'ill 


•-♦^ 


*fc>ji^.f^i^*-Ji'* 


4 


i  1*1 


4' 


a 


f 


4.V 


if'* 


ATTACK. 


voUfey,  thcyfled  m  confusion.  Tbas»  hoRvtivtr, 
wuottly  an  output*  The  main  body  wia  some 
way  in  tear,  and  amountou  to  oo  fewer  than  1500 
men. 

It  was  not  long,  however,  before  they  likowise 
preiented  themselves.  Like  their  countryanen  on 
the  other  side,  they  were  strongly  i  i#iiiiihtj^d|  a 
thick  parapet  with  a  ditch  covermg  their  finont,; 
while  a  battery  upon  their  left  swept  the  whole 
position,  and  two  field  pieces  commanded  the,road^ 
Of  artillery,  the  assailants  possessed  not  a  single 
piece,  nor  any  means  beyond  what  nature  gave,  of 
scaling  the  rampart.  Yet  nothing  daunted  by  the 
obstacles  before  them,  or  by  the  immense  odds  to 
which  they  were  opposed,  dispositions  for  an  imme- 
diate attack  were  made.  The  85th  extending  its 
files,  stretched  across  the  entire  line  of  the  enemy, 
the  sailors  in  column  prepared  to  storm  the  battery, 
while  the  marines  remained  some  little  Way  in  rear 
of  the  centre  as  a  reserve. 

These  arrangements  being  completed,  the  bugle 
sounded,  and  our  troops  advanced.  The  sailors 
raising  a  shout,  rushed  forward,  but  were  met  by 
so  heavy  a  discharge  of 'grape  and  canister,  that- 
for  an  instant  they  paused.  Recovering  them- 
selves, however,  they  again  pushed  on ;  and  the 
85th  dashing  forward  to  their  aid,  they  received 
a  heavy  fire  «i  musketry,  and  endeavoured  to 
charge.    A  smart  firing  was  now  for  a  few  mi- 


if. 


<Wi^^^ 


«   . . 


|V,      i 


•> 


.i 


1 1  ' 


fi 


« 


HALT. 


333 


mitfll  kefyl  upon  both  sides,  but  our  people  had  no 
time  to  waste  fai  distant  fighting,  and  accordingly 
hurried  on  to  storm  the  works ;  upon  which,  a 
panic  seized  the  Americans,*  they  lost  their  order, 
andfled,  leaving  us  in  possession  of  their  tents,  and 
of  eighteen  pieces  of  cannon. 

In  Ais  fHrair  our  loss  amounted  to  only  three 
men  killed,  and  about  forty  wounded,  among  the 
latter  of  whom  was  Colonel  Thornton.  Nor  could 
tKer  loss  on  the  part  of  the  enemy  greatly  exceed 
our.own.  Had  they  stood  firm,  indeed,  it  is  hardly 
conceivable  that  so  small  a  force  could  have  taken 
an  entrenched  position  ftom  numbers  so  superior ; 
at  least  it  could  not  have  been  done  without 
much  bloodshed.  But  the  fact  is,  that  they  were 
completely  surprised.  An  attack  on  this  side  was 
a  circumstance  of  which  they  had  not  dreamed ; 
and  when  men  are  assaulted  in  a  point  which 
they  deem  beyond  the  reach  of  danger,  it  is 
well  Imown  that  they  defend  themselves  with 
less*  vigour,  than  ^here  such  an  event  was  antioi- 
^ted. 

When  in  the  act  of  storming  these  lines,  the 
S^cidwas  passed  through  our  ranks,  that  all  had 
gotewel^on  die  opposite  bank.  This  naturally 
td&id  to'^e  vigour  of  the  assault ;  but  we  hfd 
not  followed  our  flying  enemy  above  two  miles, 
whiiiiire  Were  commanded  to  haft.    The  real 

Uu 


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A 


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K£-BMSAlKATI04r. 


# 


i 


mito  of  ^joifefead  pom«cachea^ui|  iiiiil>|>i^HHlli 

brought IHiiillbein  €rder  tordMrn.      ^  %^*#* 

(^uykl^  ic^)l»^^!t)^  was  throwii  a  wqdbnlWil^ 
furnishing,  a|)^rently,  the  only  iheansv^pMslngi 
At  die  oppo^ie  «nd  of  this  bridge,  sla|iik  ittbHic- 
^n  of  w(xm|pb  ^pottages,  aitd  one.  chateau  df^some 
iize.  Here  a  compiany  was  stationed  to  9ejpve#el» 
double  purpose  of  a  piquet,  anda  rear-guard  |wli^ 
the  rest  of  the  troops,  having  rested  foe li||^ 
'$  hour)  began  their  march  towards  the  point  w1k(9N; 
diey  had  landed. 

As  soon  as  the  main  body  had  got  stifficieatiy 
on  their  way,  the  piquet  likewise  preparedto  Ibl? 
low.  But  in  doing  so,  it  was  evident  liiat  some 
risk  must  be  run.  The  .enemy  having  ralHcd, 
began  once  more  to  show  a  fronts  that  is  to  say,  :^ 
inrttes  of^sixty  or  a  hundred  men  now  apfMrokched 
'to  reconnoitre.  These,  however,  miist  be  jde- 
ceived,  othenvise  a  pursuit  mig|lt  becommeneii^v' 
an&lhe  re-embarkation  of  the  whdev*corps  hoffk 

'    dered  or  prevented.   The  officer  commanding  ^ 
piquety  accordingly  formed  his  men,  tod  nuHll^f 
akow  of  advancing.    Upon  which  their AjneriqHif 
$^)  when  wheeling  about,  JMrsetlfire.  t«^ifiiie 
ch^ileau,;  iand,  under  cover  ofthesippkOi^^<9t|<|<iyfc<l      ^^ 

,   4l|kebiygeai^  retreated.    Makmg  aU^^iiyto- 


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lS«lS»JMIKiAf|ail. 


^tlief  ^Ki^begiin  t6  ettibn^ti'f^eti'the  Uttte 
^4i6l^  being  once  tnofe  united,  entef^d  their  bbats^ 
RMft  f0a6h6d  the  ophite  (isiink  without  nidles- 
lawQit.  .      ,-  ■  . 


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FI££d    Of    tAtTLE. 

•  J* 


tl^  s''^ ■  _i';?..  .?'■;**  ..  '  .7ni%., 


•AS  soon  as  the  whole  army  was  re-^uhitad,  attd 
the  broken  re^ments  had  recovered  their  orderja 
ffag  of  truce  was  despatched  with  proposals  fen*  the 
burial  of  the  dead.  To*accompIishthisend,atruCe 
of  two  days  was  agreed  upon,  and  parties  wet^e  iih: 
mediately  sent  out  to  collect  and  bury  tlieir  fallen 
comrades.  Prompted  by  curiosity,  I  mounted  my 
horse,  and  rode  to  the  front;  but  of  all  the  »|^ts 
I  ever  witnessed,  that  which  met  me  there  #as 
beyond  comparison  the  mosr  shocking,  ahd  the 
most  humiliating.  Within  the  small  compass  of  a 
few  hundred  yards,  were  gathered  together  nearly 
1[i  thousand  bodies,  all  of  them'  arrayed  in  British 
uniforms.  Kot  a  single  American  was  among 
then^';  all  were  English ;  and  they  Were  ^yrown 
by  dozens  into  shallow  holes,  scarcely  deep  «nou{ 
to  furnish  them  with  a  slight  covermg  of  ea 
Nor  was  this  all.  An  American  officer  stood B/^ 
smoking  a  segar,  and  apparently  counting  the>> 
^^lain  with  a  look  of  savage  is^ultation  ^  and  re- 
.peaitihg  over  and  over  to  each  individual  J^t lip- 
^x)ached  hirh,  that  iheh*  loss  atil6uhtei  %ily  to 
eight  men  killed,  tKid  fourteen  wouhded. 


1 


i:«i 


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# 


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1  cotifes^^t  when  Ebehetd  thi  ic«he^  I  hung 
down  my  ^d  half  in  sonrow^  ind  half  m  anger. 
With  my  officious  Mormant  I  had  eVarf  inclina- 
tidtt  to  pick  a  quarrel ;  but  he  was  on  duty,  and 
an  armistice  existed,  both  of  which  fl^bade  die 
measure^  I  could  not,  however,  stand  by  and 
repress  iny  choler,  and  since  to  give  it  vent  would  * 
have  subjected  me  to  more  serious  inconvenience, 
than  a  mere  duel,  I  turned  my  horse's  head,  and 
galloped  back  to  the  camp. 

But  the  change  of  expression,  visible  there  in 
every  countehance,  no  language  can  pourtray. 
Only  twenty  hours  ago,  and  all  was  life  and  ani» 
mati(Hi ;  wKerever  you  went  you  were  enlivened 
by  vti^  sound  of  merriment  and  raillery;  while  the 
expected  attack^^ks  mentioned  in  terms  indica- 
tive not  only  of  sanguine  hope,  but  of  the  most 
perfect  confidence  as  to  its  result.    Now  gloom 
and  discontent  every  where  prevailed.    Disap- 
pointment, grief,  indignation,  and  rage  succeeded 
es0ii  oHier  in  all  bosoms;  nay,  so  completely  were 
;^  the  troops  overwhelmed  by  a  sense  of  disgrace, 
fthat,  for  a-while,  they  retained  their  sorrow  with- 
)3ut  so  much  as  hinting  at  its  Q^se.  Nor  was  this 
dejection  occasioned  wholly  by  the  consciousness 
of  laurels  tamishid.  The  loss  of  comrades  was  to  the 
full  as  affiicting  as  the  loss  of  honour;  for  out  of  more 
thii^WOOO  men  brought  On  this  side  into  the  field, 
,  no  fewer  than  2000  had  fallfii.  Among  tliese  were 


'.f- 


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» 

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fs 

IMS,  CAIIF, 

':Hb*Jf 

IVl 


cUvHuid  sDfvived|rwlil» 
^  loss  c^,  some  psamculvf  <$a>A 
ii?eiyK»o^;>ee^ia|iuibn.-  ....  ..^....  ■..  ..    -h;.^',|i^ 

\  Yel  itiis  most  certtun  tliat  amid  all  this  varidty. 
of  confiioi^nig;  fiassiofts,  no  feeling  bordann^' upon 
despair,  or  even  terror,  found  room,  j^veh.  antbni; 
the  private  soldiers  no  fear  was  ejcperienced^  for  if  • 
you  attempted  to  converse  with  them  on  1i^ 
subject  of  ihe  late  defeat,  they  would  eod  wHh  a 
bitter  curse  upon  those  to  whose  miscon^ct^y 
attributed  their  losses,  and  refer  you  to  the  future^ 
when  they  hoped  for  an  opportunity  of  revengie. 
To  the  Americans  they  would  allow  no  CifHli^ 
laying  the  entire  blame  of  theHlEre  upon  c«4a|ii 
individuals  among  themselves ;  and  so  gre^was 
the  indignation  expressed  against  on<^  corps,  that 
th^spldiers  of  other  regiments  would  hardly  ^^-^ 
change  words  with  those  who  chanced  to  wear  ^lai 
unifornn.     Though  deeply  afflicted,  thsrlfere^  i;k0 
were  hy  no  means  disheartened,  and  eveii|r<;taii4<*  ; 
cipated  with  an  eagerness  far  exceeding  what  waQ 
felt  before,  a  renewal  of  the  combat.  **  - 

l^utGenersd  l^mbert,  on  whom  the  chief  qo^m- 
mand  had  devolved,  v&fy  pru«||ntly  determin9<t 
not  to  risk  the  safety  of  his  army'%^  anothei^,  ai^  - 
tempt  v^n  works  evidently  so,ippiucil|).beyjp^4^|b(|^ 
sti«^g^^jgl|^^9onsic|pl,  s^ ' 


f' 


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^ 


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^^ 


if- 


.N';^ 


■  A*- , 


ir  j^9i;4  to  prevent  ^^4»ii|g.pg|ii 

|p|^|iqreasc^,^^Jbsid(^^  be  citing  # 

|ka«a|i#  pf  a  4iiB»  If  agf^m  dWealldy 
;9yli^:  sav^  f»|ir  army  from  destrqetioji* 
s^  JUiql^S^Si  it  retceated  in  force,  no ,  retreat 
c<||^J)f .  ,f fl&ct^4  A  retreat,  therefore,  ^Jiile  j^t 
t|i|,ffiieasare  appeared  practicable,  was  i^e^olvj^ 
|p|^j,an4  towards  that  end  were  all  our.  fiitur*^ 
^pii^aons.direejtt^:-  .  .',^..^^^f:.^^:'■nf^  ^.' '•  • 
.  ,  TfW^e  accoi^ishment  of  this  deshrable  ob^ctii 
hiawfever,  one  great  obstacle  existed;— by  what 
ipoiui  «^  tile  troops  to  travel,  and  In  whatorder 
||e^itiie]f,to.l'egau)  the  fieet.  OnfiiiMiding,  we  had 
.<p^  j^yantage  of  the  creek  or  bayou,  and  thusi 
ll^e  >|]^,|l^  water  within  two  lAiles  of  the  cult^. 
id^CQuntry.  But  to  adopt  a  similar  course  m 
0|i|;j^r!^twjat  wasJmpossible.  In,  spite  of  our  Ipjss^St 
tt^.^ei^  not  througliput  the  armanoieat  a  sufllci- 
9j(^j(|^i|^b««r  (^^^  tf^  transpc^t  sd)ove  one  halJt^f 

a  ^e«    II^  bowevar,  we  ^o^d  sepa* 
ohaiu^es  were  ^tlioth  p^iiBj|i!|«rp^d  be 


m 


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»t-  ^ 


PRBPAftATIONS^fOIl  R] 


*»■*, 


left  Ixiud  w0iild  be»  ofe^ligPlp 
the  efiplAmencanfon^.  riie^id%^ 
^^t  i^e^^eriGBns  miglit  be  repul^t^^ 
it  jii«x»ttkm  1^  to  takf  to  v^r,  691^  h^  th^ 

pre^hoe;  i^^us  ftt  least  oi|e/divisi0n^  if^^ 
botli,  <nii$t  be  sacnficeo,  ^^ 

i'oiiiliviate  this  difficulty,  pi^udence  rt^bnd  th|f , 
the  road  which  we  had  formed  m  landmg  shpuld 
be  continued  t^  die  yer^  margin  of  die  ^  1| 
while  appearances  seemed  to  limicaltt^  JJie, 
impracticability  of  die  schep«t*  Ffpm 
to  tjtie  water's  edge  was  here  ^  distanqe  of  iMif 
ihiles^ 'trough  the  very  centre  of  a  morass  whep 
human  toot  had  never  before  trodden*  Yet  Hlii^j^i 
desirable  at  least  to  make  the  attempt;  for  ||4l 
faUed)  we  should  only  be  redi^^  to  our  foipi^ 
alternative  of  gaining  a  batde,  #  surrendering ,  at 
discretion. 

Having  determined  to  adopt  this  course,  <Gr^eiaj  j^ 
Lambert  immediately  dispatehed  strong  wcMrl^g 
partieis,  under  tlie  guidance  of  engineer  o|^er$^|Q  ^ 
lengthen  the  road,  keeping  as  near  as 
the  margin  of  die  creek.    But  the  task  a^gtl! 
them  was  burthened  with  innumerable  difficulties. 

^^    t   ■      ■  •  .  - 

For  the  extent  of  several  loiigiies  no  Jina^  |^iq^i||g 
could  be  discovered,  on  which  tgre^t  die  fouRd|p 
don  of  a  path ;  nor  any  trees  to  assist  in  /ormiilg 
hurdles.  iyS  dki|t  tQijjd^ done,  theref<»-e^|i^,to^. 
bind  tbg^Aher  large  (|pptitia»  of  reci^^  |)|iljgi^ 


,3r 


'^sr 


*^ 


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Hi 


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f 


Kithil 


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.»>*, 


I       tlinr  aihrosis  ihe 


i^tJONS  fOR  REYREAT. 


341 


qUAgmire ;  by  whieh  means,  at 
least  tilie  Ambiance  of  a  road*  was  produced, 
hoiire^tBr  Wanting  m  firmness  and  solidity.    But 
Mfiiire  broad  ditches  came  in  the  way^  many  of 
vAiMi  intersected  the  morass,  the  workmen  were 
iiecessarilj|L  obliged  to  apply  more  durable  mate- 
rials. For  these,  bridges  composed  in  part  of  large 
bhmches  bH)ught  with  immense  labour  from  the 
woods,  were  constructed ;     ^   they  were,  on  the 
whde,  little  superior  in  point  oS  strength,  to  the  rest 
ofthe' path,  for  though  the  edges  were  supported 
by  timber,  the  middle  was  filled  up  only  with  reeds. 
To  complete  this  road,  bad  as  it  was,  occupied 
^e  space  of  nine  days,  during  which  time  our 
ainMy  reitaiained  in  position  without  making  any 
attenipts  to  moleift  the  enemy.    The  Americans 
howiever,  were  not  so  inactive.    In  the  course  nS 
two  days,  six  guns  were  again  mounted  upon  the 
bank  of  the  river,  from  which  a  continual  fire  was 
kept  up  upon  our  camp.    The  same  mode  of  pro- 
ceeding was  adopted  in  front,  and  thus,  night  and 
^i^ltty  were  we  harassed  by  danger  against  which 
^  -thtere  was  no  fortifying  ourselves.    Of  the  extreme 
'  unpleasailtiiess  of  our  situation,  it  is  hardly  possible 
to'  convey  any  adequate  conception.    We  never 
closed  our  eyes  mpeace,  for  we  were  sure  to  be 
awakened  before  many  minutes  elapsed,  by  the 
splash  of  a  round-shot  or  shell  in  the  mud  beside 
us.    Tents  we  had  none,  but  lay  some  in  the  open 


"!■ 


Xx 


l>;' 


«V'v 


V' 


• 


wv 


^^.. 


.f> 


^0 


.,«i- 


W 


/ 


i 


■# 

4i 


m 


4  V 


*■* 


m 


)^ 


*#• 


f^ 


..^-i 


»" 


/^ 


J 


t» 


■*#* 


:ftir 


342  PREPARATIONS  FOR  RBTii^T; 

air,  and  some  io  huts  ta^de  of  boards,  d^, 

terials that could'be procured.    YHm xh^Mx^ 

ment  of  qur  l9ndir||;,  not  a  man  had  undress^%if- 

c^pting  t(^b|the|  and  many  had  wom^ih^  sifthe 

shirt  for  weeks  together.    Besides  a|l  thli,  hiai^ 

rains  now  set  in,  accompanied  With  vid|entslortlls 

of  thunder  And  lightning,  ivtiich  Ikstin|;  d^irtotlie 

entire  day,  usually  ceased  towards  darK,  arid  ^ve 

plf^ce  to  keen  frosts.     Thus  were  we  altetiiately 

wet  and  f^zen ;  wet  all  day,  and  frozen  all' |^t. 

With  the  oi^'l^sts,  again,  there  was  con9t«btlt)i- 

mishing.    With  what  view  the  Americans  Wl^^ 

to  drivie  them  in  I  cannot  tell ;  but  every  day  ll»lare 

they  attacked,  and  compelled  to  maintain  their 

ground  by  dint  of  hard  fi^i||*    In  one  1$M, 

none  but  tfiose  who  happen Ato  belong  to  lllis 

army  can  form  a  notion  of  the  Wdships  whieh  it 

endured,  and  the  fatigue  which  it  underwent. 

Nor  were  these  the  only  evils  which  tended  to 
lessen  our  numbers.  To  6ur  sdldieta  every 
inducement  was  held  out  by  the  (snerti^^  desbi!^ 
Printed  papers,  offering  lands  and  mdnej^8s1i| 
price  of  desertion,  were  thrown  in  td>thd'pique#^ 
\(^ile  individuals  made  a  practice  of  a|^^r6achii^  ^^ 
our  |)osts,  and  endeavouring^)  persuade  #ie  very 
sentinels  to  quit  their  stations*  Nor  could'it  be 
expected  that  bribes  so  temptmg  would  alwa^'be 
refused.  Many  desertions  began  daily  to^ke 
place,  and  became  before  long  so  frequent,  that 
the  evil  rose  to*be  of  a  serious  nature. 


K 


4. 


■•"k 


i. 

^.• 

f«. 

, 

■> 

\ 

1.*- 

s 

fV 

« 

k'S^ 

n 

.*■  • 


^l\ 


.%' 


■4^' 


y* 


fb  Smilt 


atohiis 

iil^  tlie 

d^ve 

iitiiktdy 

w^6d 

\yiikrt 
n  their 

to  ^18 

^hiehit 
nt. 

ded  to 

every 

iiesert, 


I  veiy 

it  be 

5%be 

take 

that 


'f  » 


-^■^ 


.V*, 


\ 


*|^         FRgfA&ATioirt  FOR  r''btr«aV.       349 

•^Tlier9  oeeinred,  liO|nv«!l  OM  intlance  of 
lARgMpdmcwi  .fidelity,  ^'#  1|^-p<^  of  a  Britiali 
8oMW»  lirhich  I,  cannot  resla^  tfie  inclination  of 
repeating.  A  private  <)f  the  »$5di^*  wkoee  name 
I  should  have  jo;^uIly  mentioned  had  I  not  for- 
gotten ity  chanced  one  day  to  stand  sentinel, 
when  he  was  addressed  by  an  American  o^cer. 
The  American  offered  him  a  hundred  dollars  and 
a  quantity  of  land  if  he  would  come  over ;  repre- 
senting, at  the  same  time,  the  superiority  of  a 
democratical  government,  and  railing,  as  these 
perscms  generally  do,  against  the  title  of  king. 
Though  the  Englishman  heard  .whftt  was  said  dis- 
tinctly enough,  he  nevertheless  pretended  to  be 
deaf,  and  begged  his  tempter  to  come  a  little  near- 
er, that,  in  his  o'^MrWords,  "  he  might  tell  him  all 
about  it."  Jonathan,  exulting  at  the  prospect  of 
drawing  this  fine  fellow  from  his  duty,  approached 
within  twenty  paces  of  where  he  stood,  when  just 
as  he  had  opened  his  mouth  to  renew  his  offer,  the 
sentind  levelled  his  piece  and  shot  him«through 
the  arm.  Kor  was  he  contented  with  inflicting 
this  punbhment  Walking  forward  he  seized  his 
wounded  enemy,  and  reproaching  him  with  dis- 
honourable dealing|||f}rought  higi  in  a  prisoner  to 
the  cam^t.  But  unhappily  conduct  such  as-  this 
was  rare ;  in  the  course  of  a  week,  many  men 
quitted  their  colours,  and  fled  to  the  enemy. 
In  the  mean  time,  the  whole  of  the  wou«ded, 


# 


■  m 


<r' 


«*^ 


-  J^  y 


«()^' 


w 


1 


'# 


i 


"^ 


H$ 


f:> 


■♦  ' ,'(  >Kvji«^:r. 


*4 


*•  w 

^ctpt  such  M  wne  too.  ,ev««iv  k.-*  ^  ^     '' 

■      off^.Uie6eet    N««  fey--..  *  TZ  "^^   *^ 

count »»,  taken.    Thev  w«.  .h-T  "'"•»«••«• 

fore  detenninisd  to  leave  A-    T\. .  ""^• 

were  accordingly  IZZ  ?!""     ''"'' '  "«» ^ 
.,to  the  last        ^  ^^"^  •'^""■"  *«•>  »«a.io»       . . 

-P«cep.thei„I:rCLT.:r''!l'"- 

••yed  only  tin  4.  abandLed  17.1^°!*' 
unservi«wble  on  th.  -      •    ^         ***  '«>'*«»d 

began  its  re.«;tTril^°'*'  "*'""«> 
a-y.  -soonlAr^i^"^"'  ""'" 


'.V 


'#^ 


e 


Si 


"%•;■«■**  '■    '^■ 


^' 


ii 


1 

1^ 

1- 

<v«o»   ^«; 

1 

jew*     ■ 

^  - 

iirv«y. 

eiyai 

i^air 

1,'* 

^vliieh 

f  4e      *    . 

«   ,• 

o«c« 

Jittle 

ntljr, 

ould 

lere- 

hejr 

ions       J 

•me    ,            1 

• 

1  in                1 

• 

«d                 1 

- 

so                  1 

re      %-'    1 

:  %^ 

re             1 

1 

t      '    ^L 

:»>■' 

t  - '          p 

H'  ■ 

if 


afMi#K 


ff, 


'  ft 

Mill  life  waiii>i*«»y»t»*^  ^iflfe^ 

toi|Bhjpi.jpyqill6f  noise  wtf^toTlte  fctrtdltn  thfe 

#i»ftdldlwiii.wffc^phntedwiii<^  pMW^ilt 
itBjiji|#MMt  fliii^Mngor  6Qha«  »Nor  «vii«^ftx^ 
HiM  «RUtiQii  ip  juif  respQot^  uaneccMii^»<^Ih 
9^  .«f  eveiy  endeavour  to  thecontnuy,  ^rumQiMF 
of  «a»!inleiided  movement  had  reached  the  ^mik 
ficans  $  for  we  found  them  of  late  watchful  and 
pi^g,  whereas  they  had  been  formerly  contem 
Ipiiook  only  to  themselves.  ^^■■ 

Forsome  time,  that  is  to  say,  while  our  route  lay 
alon^  :he  high  road  and  beside  the  brink  of  the 
rivt^,  die  march  lyas  agreeable  enough ;  but  as 
soon  as  we  began  to  enter  upon  the  path  through^ 
the  marsh,  all  comfort  was  at  an  end.  Being  con- 
structed pf  materials  so  slight,  and  resting  upon  a 
foundation  so  infirm,  the  treading  of  the  first 
eoi^  uaavoidaUy'beat  it  to  pieces ;  those  which 
fioUowed  were  therefore  compeUed  to  floiiBder  on 
ki  the  best  way  they  could ;  and  by  the  time  the 
rear  of  die  column  gained  the  moriiss,  all  trace  of 
a  way  had  entirely  disappeared.  But  not  only 
were  the  reeds  togi  ipnder  and  sunk  by  the  pres*' 
sure  of  those  who  had  gone  before,  but  the  bog 
^itself,  which  at  first  might  have  furnished  a  few 
spots  of  firm  footing,  was  Sodden  into  the  consist- 
ency of  mud.  .The  consequence  was  that  every 


>v 


f 


m 


■">#: 


,«.: 


■■<;, 


'^ 


♦         i 


'^ 


,  *■>» 


^^T^^F 


r     4 
'1 


t" 


MAICH. 


steirtmik  us  to  lh«1tnees,  and  ff«qiiaillfb1rf(ihBr» 
Near  the  ditchet^  indeed,  many  spota  oodim^ 
which  we  had  ^e  utmost  difficulty  in  €roishi9«t 
«I1 ;  and  as  the  night  was  dark,  there  beingtio 
moon,  nor  any  light  except  wha^e  atafsauppUei^ 
it  was  difficult  to  select  our'  atepa,  or  even  to 
follow  those  who  called  to  us  that  they  were  safe 
on  the  opposite  side.  At  one  of  these  places  I 
myselT  beheld  an  unfortunate  wretch  gradually 
sink  till  he  totally  disappeared.  I  saw  him  floun- 
der in,  heard  his  cry  for  help,  and  ran  forward  with 
the  intention  of  saving  him;  but  before  I  had 
taken  a  second  step  1  myself  sunk  at  once  as  high' 
as  the  breast.  How  I  contrived  to  keep  m3rself 
from  smothering  is  more  than  I  can  tell,  for  I  felt 
no  solid  bottom  un<^er  me,  and  continued  slowly 
to  go  deeper  and  dee^r,  till  the  mud  reached  my 
arms.  Instead  of  endeavouring  to  help  the  poor 
soldier,  of  whom  nothing  could  now  be  seen  except 
the  head  and  hands,  I  was  forced  to  beg  assistance 
for  myiillf ;  when'  a  leathern  canteen  strap  being 
thrown  to  me,  I  laid  hold  of  it,  and  was  draigged 
out,  just  as  my  fellow  sufferer  became  invisible. 

Over  roads  such  as  these  did  we  continue  Our 
journey  during  the  whole  Jp  ^  night  $  and  in 
the  morning  reached  a  place'  called  Fisherman's 
Huts,  upon  the  margin  of  the  lake.  The  name  is 
derived  from  a  clump  of  mud-built  cottages,  situ- 
ated in  ais  complete  a  desert  as  thaesM^of  man  was' 


'?'; 


J*  '*' 


■■ » ■ 


'i'Mi 


i 


f^ 


*t 


'»•• 


34? 


ecurrti 

• 

9^M 

«ngrlte 

iPpHe^ 

wtn  tn 

trewi^ 

4 

aces  1 

dtiaJJy 

floua- 

lwie& 

riMd 

high' 

\y9tlf 

[felt 

)»vly 

Iray 

poor 

1 

:ept 

nee 

ing 

*  ■  ■ 

lur 

•^ 

in 

it'' 

's 

is 

1-   # '-   « 

'  M 

s'       '.^ 

I. 

^^l^'' 

•4'.^ 

»l. 


If 


dfe  filter, Ipbii ftfMt iTiie monlss  rather  mott 

fifis  thill  ^1l#  irtIL  Not  a  tree  or  both  df  any 
d^tvlpQif  |P«ws  iMv  Aem.  "As  far  as  the  eyc^ 
Idfifik  perftct  ocean  of  reeds  fevery  where 
Ixcept  on  that  side  where  a^riew 
di^Afil^  chUtiged  whhoiitfertilizing  the  prospect, 
l/pfe'itoy  set  of  hufe  beings  condemned  to 
^flt^tllilr  lives  here,  I  should  consider  their  fate 
yi/nille  superior  to  thdt  of  the  solitary  captive ; 
^Vilidif%ighMinymonthsof  tli6  year,  thes<?  huts  are 
whouy*  unoccupied,  being  erected,  as  their  name 
den<ites,  merely  to  shelter  a  ft  v  fishc  Tien,  wMlc 
the  iHihg  sbison  lasts. 

Heir^  it  lifcngth  #^  were  ordered  to  Itelt ;  and 
i^driui^  I  never  IrCjoiced  m^  sii  cci''%  at  any 
^)Hiliilf^in  at  this.  Weariedwith  my  exertioni^ 
with  want  of  sleep,  I  threw  mysdf 
wiAiout  so  much  as  pulling  oiTmy 
tsr^'and  in  an  instant  all  iny  cares 


rt^tf^ 


#*^were  forgotten.  Nor  did  I  wake 
^^1^^  slumber  for  many  hours,  when  I 
stiff,  and  creeping  beside  a  miserabl<it 
ftredf  JlaSi,  dddressedj. ;  .^elf  to  the  last  morsel  of 
saft^k^w%lch^my;ttp4^  pontained. 

"HIb 'M4iole  army  had  now  come  up,  the  piquets 
havlfig  eB<mj^d  without  notice,  or  at  least  without 
aiinoyanc^,  foirming  along  the  b)^k  hf'the  lake,  a 
line  5f  out-postsj|»a>planted,  Ittid^e  soldiers  were 


s    **, 


^i*'; 

A^ 


':%    y^'^^ 


,'    V 


'v\\ 


'  *i 


•..  «..?  ' 


%; 


•^4 


V 


•*«"• 


$!«  ioHiei's 

ilii|r  i^  reeds ;  Vi3ps^id/tMiL 

But  y^'aR^^^iiv^ib^^ 
fi^  what  4^g<^^|  <^bti^  ^^ 


d^peiidende  was  upon 
Ia]^tea^t6  itiiEeiVe  i^tt 


^m-^i^<«i:-^r^* 


halt  CM^ught  with  diem  only: 

ie*    it  #a^  theitfbre  fleet 

M  i<^filet  and  retinrn  %Hh; 
^Thish  us  with  what  wOd  mu<bh  waH^  Buf 
$ie  distance  to  i^  neai^fw^lie  W^Mg 
notl^less  than  eig|h^  mi^  aiM  t  ^ ' 
should  Wcome  (tyisHlroiJ^,  ot  the  wiiit 
]y  adversl^,'  we  mig^  stme  Ibe^offe 
couM  arrive.  >^ 


W 


%*. 


.*   i 


# 


I" 


■!■■>     r 


HALT.  iiS; 


349 


% 


These  immerous  grievances,  however,  were 
without  remedy,  and  we  therefore  bore  them  witK 
patience  f  though  for  two  whole  days  the  only 
prgivisions  issued  to  the  troops  were  some  crumbs 
of  biscuit  smd  a  small  allowance  of  rum.  For  my 
own  part  I  did  not  fare  so  badly  as  many  others. 
Haying  been  always  fond  of  shooting,  I  took  a 
fii^e-loc^  and  went  in  pursuit  of  wild  ducks,  which 
abounded  throughout  the  bog.  Wandering  along 
«|  tiliis;  quest  I  reached  a  lake,  by  the  margin  of 
v^ch  I  concealed  myself,  and  waited  for  my  prey ; 
nor  wasf  it  long  before  I  had  an  opportunity  of 
firing.  Several  large  flocks  flew  over  me,  and  I 
was  fortunate  enough  to  kill  three  birds.  But 
alas !  those  birds,  upon  which  I  had  already  feasted 
in  inu^ination,  dropped  into  the  water;  my  dog, 
HKK'e  tired  than  her  master,  w^ld  not  fetch  them 
out,  and  they  lay  about  twenty  yards  ofi*,  tantaliz- 
ing me  wi^  the  sight  of  a  treasure  which  I  could 
not  jireach.  Moving  off  to  another  point,  I  again 
took  my  station  where  I  hoped  for  better  fortune ; 
but  tl^e  j^me  evil  chance  once  more  occurred,  and 
the  duck&v^U  into  the  lake.  This  was  too  much 
for  a  hungry  man  to  endure  ;  the  day  was  pier- 
ingly  cold,  and  the  (ui^of  the  pool  was  covered 
with  ice;  but  my  1  ppetite  was  urgent,  and  I 
resolved  at  all  hazards  to  indulge  it.  Pulling  off 
my  clothes,  therefore,  I  broke  the  ice  and  plunged 
in;  and  though  shivering  like  an  aspin  leaf,  I  re- 


Wr^ 


'4 


m 


i. 


# 


W 


-r%liitl*^-^ 


►¥¥, 


-<' 


:>^7! 


(  -.;: 


'S-^^\ 


f^ 


«^' 


^''m 


^• 


nkht. 


turned  safely  to  tihe  camp  widi  a  eouple  of  birds. 
Next  da^  1  adopted  a  similar  tourse,  with  like  suc- 
cess; but  at  the  expense  of  what  was  to  me  a 
serious  misery.  My  stoitikhigs  of  warm  wool  n^ere 
die  cmly  part  of  my  dress  which  I  did  not  strip 
off,  and  to-day  it  unforturiately  happened  that  one 
was  lost.  Having  secured  my  ducks,  I  attempted 
to  huid  where  the  bottom  was  muddy ;  but  my  iJtg 
stuck  fast,  and  in  puUkig  it  out,  off  oamethlt 
storing;  to  recover  it  wa&  beyond  my  power,  fcr 
the  mud  closed  over  it  directly ^  and  the  coniet 
quence  was,  that  till  I  regained  the  transport  only 
one  of  my  feet  could  be  warm  at  a  time.  To 
those  who  can  boast  of  many  pairs  of  fine  etfim 
and  woollen  hose,  this  misfortune  of  mine  mt^ 
,  appear  light,  but  to  me,  who  had  only  twa  stock- 
ings on  tAiarCf  thefloss  of  one  was  viery  grievous;; 
and  I  therefore  request  that  I  may  not  be  sneered 
at,  when  I  record  it  as  one  of  tlie  disistious  coor 
sequences  of  this  ill-feted  expedition. 


^^ii 


:<k  ':/y:j;:, 


\f 


"^ 


♦ 


■'i  '',*r 


TH]|>A|I». 


351 


^.s'*** 


«•      '  ' 


rm^ 


i^TTIlRXXIV. 


Aft  sooif  as  the  boats  returned^  regiment  after  ,^ 
tt^tHmt  embarked,  and  set  sail  for  the  fleet ;  but 
llm  difttBftc(§  being  considerable,  and  the  wind  foul, 
xQAAy!  days  elapsed  before  the  whole  could  be  got 
<]#^  lExeqjting  in  one  trifling  instance,  however, 
ao  accident  occurred,  and  by  die  end  of  the  month, 
wie  were  all  once  m<M%  on  board  our  former  ships. 
But  our  return  was  far  from  triumj^ant  We, 
irfio  onty"  seven  weeks  ago  had  set  out  in  the 
swest  confidence  of'gloTf,  and,  I  may  add,  of  emo- 
httnent,  were  brought  back  dispirited  and  deject- 
ed;'  'Oi)r  ranks  were  i^ofully  thkmed,  our  chiefe 
dsan,  our'clodiing  tattered  and  filthy,  and  even  our 
discipUne  in  some  degree  injured.  A  gloomy  si- 
lence reigned  dirougbout  the  armament,  except 
when  it  was  broken  by  the  voice  of  lamentaionover 
fallen  firieii&;  and  the  interior  of  each  ship  present* 
ed  a  scene  well  calculated  to  prove  the  short- 
sigfatedneis  of  humip^hope,  and  human  prudence. 

The  accident  to  which  I  allude,  was  the  capture 
of  a  single  boat  by  the  enenqr.  About  diirty  men 
of  the  14th  draf^pons  having  crowded  into  an  un- 
armed barge,  w^  pfoceediiw  iiowly  down  the 

J' 


>•'■ 


*>' 


-■* 


4 


^'■ 


41 


at" 


i 


3^52 


TH£  L4X£i 


Itf 


lake,  wheiVv  ^  bp^t  mom^tiog  a  caKC^nade  in  J|ts 
bow,  suddenly  daited  froni  acrisek^  a^  made.^ 
wards  them.  To  escape,  was  impq^sijble;  for  their 
barge  vv^s  too  hoftyiiy  lade|i,to  fi^ve^at  a  rate  of 
,iyca%tnod^x^te  rapidity ;  and  to  fight^  was  equally 
out  of  the  question,  because  cf  the  stiperiori^y 
wliach  tbe|r  cannpri  ga.y  e  to  the.  Apiericans.  ,1^e 
whole  party  was  accordingly  compelled  tp^jsm^ 
render  to  six  men  and  an  officer;  an^  hAvi||g 
thro^fii  their  arras  into  tl^e  lake,  their^jtK^ajt.wfs 
taken  in  tow,  and  they  were  parried  aw^ijj|j 


sopors. 


o& 


This,  liowever,  was  the  only  misfprtuAP  ^hiis}ji 
occured.  Warned  by  the  fate  of  their  cqinradl^,^ 
^C  rest  kept  together  in  litde  squadrons^^each  ft^ 
ti^nd  by  one  or  more  armed  launches  |  and  tj^ 
rowing,  steadily  j)n,  tliey  i^ined  the  shippij^^ 
\ifj»thout  so  much  as  anotlier  attempt  at 
b^ingmade. 

-^Oa  reaching  the  fleet,  we  lound  diatli  < 
able  reinforcement  of  troops  had  arxivedlriptm  ^X!^^ 
land.  It  consisted  of  the  40th  Foot*  a  £ae  vt^mmt 
containing  nearly  a  thousMid  me;n,  ^ibjob^  ignorant 
of;  ^h^  f^l^l  issue  of  our  attack,  M  «iKK^d  the 
l£|ka»,  on)|rr4obe  s^nt  back  toJie  ^>iiipf r^wi^ 
much  as  s|teppi^g  on  shore'  'Hie  circumstance,  how^ 
fyfT,  pr$4ucfd  little  s^tl^te.  We  felt  that  the 
Cffl^n^^g  of  thnce  th9^,9«^ber  ^cf)i^^^  re^sovfr 
M^at mm  i^^^ifip^  |^,eveate;  §|)^#ifpete 


U 


mmt 

4the 

how- 
it  tlie 

1^ 


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f*'if 


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S*' 


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aiS^ 


A 


Adrejoicitig  m^as  heard,  jOT  tihe  ^^test  i^gard  paid 
tn  tin  occurrence.  Nay,  so  great  was  thei  despond- 
^^  ency  which  had  taken  possession  of  men's  tnindk, 
■v  that  not  evmi  jj^futtionr  respecting  the  ne?:l  point 
of  xittaek,^  obtaiMkl  circulation ;  while  ^flliHen 
oarele»sness,  a  sortof  indifference  sus  to^whati^^iif^ght 
!ui|i|)»)e9i,  sdemed  to  have  succeeded  all  out  wonted 
4f|lliosity,  m^  confidence  of  success,  in  ev«ry  un- 


^  %» this  sttate  we  remained  wind-bound  tStl  the 
4lfli  <lf  Februar)%  when,  at  length,  getting  under 
wc^^  the  fleet  ran  down  as  far  as  Cat  Island 
Thb^'is  a  spot  of  sandy  soil  at  the  mouth  oft  the 
Jjtki&j' temSrkable  for  nothing  except  a  solitary 
^  Sjiknkh  ikinily,  which  pdssesses  it.  Completely 
cintbff  firom  the  rest  of  the  world,  an  old  man,  bis 
#ife,  twb  daughtei^,  and  a  son,  dwell  here  in  atjN 

'*fardiit  ha|)pihess  and  contentment.  Being  at  least 
iowe  httfidie^  ^nd  twenty  miles  from  the  main,  ills 
a^litei'^t  their '*little  kingdom  is  visited  by 
Sityizra^jprs,  n^^^^  believe  that  till  our  arrifal,  the 
^^l^rs,  though  grown  tip  < to  womanhood,  hdd 
ibeii'  few  isKies  4)esides  those  of  their  parents  t^TiH 
brother.  Thdr  cottage,  composed  «imply  of  a  few 
bbyghii,  thsiftched  and  in- woven  With  strsiw,  id  b&ati^ 
tifuHy  situated  within  a  short  distance  of  t^ 
%i^i  Two  cows^^nd  a  fe#  sheep^  grasted  beside 
it^^whire  a  dmelltr^  of  groxmd  covered' #ith 


*>' 


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^^irees  and  \^table*,  at  once  gave  proof  of  their 

'  industryi.  And  ^showed  the  source  from  wh^bt» 

ih^jMippHedthemsiishrea  with,  bread.  > 

It  nu^  appear,  childish)  but  I  ccpfiMs  tfiat  the 

sig^^i^doHMstic  peace  iburisMrig,  aa^t-wefe,  in 

th^Midst  of  wars  and  tuinuits,  f;xtreindj  delighted 

me.  #^^hiler  we  continued  at  archorvtkcariftipii^  I 

paid  fivc^uent  visits  to  tl^i^  cottage^  ai^d. rfQ?.i»jQg^f« 

sort  of  acquaintance  with  the  old  man^,  soof)  ■'gpuh. 

sesse^  myself  of  hifrUttle  history.    Hip  had^in|-:^ 

grated  firom  Spain  manf  years  ago,  mct  mcf  i?e4i|i 

Ameiica.  Having  been  unsficces^f^  in  bufiines>9i 

/hie  1|m1  saved  from  die  ^;rf«ck  of  bib  prop«r^«fiiil|r 

'  f  nough  to  hire  lal^ourers,  by  whose  assistance  his 

present  cottage  was  erected,  and  his  little  farm 

.   clenced;  when,  with  his  wife  and  three  children, 

''then  very  youi^»  ha  had  wUhdrawnirpm^society, 

and  lettled  himeel'f  here,  where  he  hacU^HPf^UDed 

ever  since.    Once  a  year,  he  or  his  son  visited  the 

main  taseU  their  wool,  and^^iStchase  such  iificca!* 

saries  as  their  island  could  not  produce ;  but^e)(' 

cepting  on  these  occasions,  or  when  a  iishi|||%p]t 

arrived  jniiis  bay,  which  rarely  oqcu)||Pfl,  he  Jiad 

1^  no  intercourse  with  any  human  being,  besides 

his  i^wyi  family,  for  a  great  lapse  of  tii|e.  As  noay 

be  im^igined,  I  foui|d  this  tribe  as  »|jpe  in  their 

ideas  as  in  their  mode  of  livingi    Of  reading  j»pd 

vmi^a^  all  except  the  patriarch  himself  were  igno^ 

mumm  4id  they  seem  towpte  a  thought  ii^{fj9 


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355 


a^y  subject  tkit  Ifiiml^iatdy  cdtmeeted  with  their 
bc^y  wrtits.    They  professed,  indeed,  tb  be 
Christians,  and  would  have  been  prdbabF^  shocked* 
had  I  questioned  theh* claim  to  sound  Cathblicism, 
Aough  I  much  doubt  whether  they  in  thC'sJ^htest 
degree  understood  the  meaning  of  either  term. 
^  Having  remaked  h6re  till  the  7th,  We  again 
to6k  advantage  of  a  fair  wind,  and  stood  to  sea.  As 
sdon  as  we  had  cleared  the  lake,  we  directed  our 
course  towards  the  east,  steering,  as  it  Was  ru* 
fboured,  upon  Mobile ;  nw  was  it  long  before  we 
came  in  sight  of  the  bay  which  bears  that  name. 
This  is  formed  by  a  projecting  head-land,  qalled 
Point  Bayo,  in  a  large  island  called  Isle  Dauphin* 
^   Upon  the  first  is  erected  a  small  fort,  possessing  the 
safhe  title  with  the  promontory^  which  commands 
the  entrance  ;  for  though  the  island  is  at  least  five 
milts  from  the  main,  there  is  no  water  for  floating 
iL  ship  of  any  burthen,  except  within  a  few  hundred 
ytods  of  the  latter.  The  island  is,  like  Cat  Ishind, 
tininbabited,  except  by  one  family,  and  unprovided 
Wltll  Spy  works  of  defence. 

Al  the  attack  of  Mobile  was  professedly  our  ob- 
ject, it  was  cliear  that  nothing  could  be  done  pre- 
viOiis,  to  ti|e  reduction  of  the  fort.  The  ships  ac> 
cocdingly 'mipped  anchor  at  this  mouth  of  the  bay, 
and  immediatie  preparations  Were  ihade  for  the 
siege.  But  the  fort  was^ttx)  inC(>risideriiKble% 
point  of  size  to  require  the  iempbymem  of  &11  our 


.ni"! 


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8IBO.«. 


««. 


foffict  l»  its  iQveMiiMnit  ^{A¥^^^  brigidip, 
^lOrtforA  #M  allotted  to^thiB  a«n^c9,.lhejce«j^||Pi»> 
^eededuitst&blishlhemselvea^the  island,  #here» 
cany inglqitsiaid  other  c^nveniMiqes  OB  shofc,  tl^ 
first  iflgularencaii^MnentwhkAiw^li^d^^  aince 
our  arrival  ip  this  hemisphere,  was  formed. 

The  spot  ^  groun^j  of  which  wie  had  now  taken 
|)os£iessioni  extended  twelve  miles  in  lengthy;  mmI 
fVom  one  to  three  in  width.  Its  soil  is  in  genecftl 
dry  iBoiid  sapdy,  well  covered  with  grass,  and  omar 
mented  by  continued  groves  of  pine,  cedar,  oaKaiisi 
laurel.  On  one  side  only  is  there  a  awamp,lHit 
QOt  ,9f  sufficient  size  to  contaminate  the  atmospheie 
of  the  whole,  which  is  considered  so  peculiarly 
healthy,  that  the  place  is  generally  used  as  a  depot  ^ 
for  the  sick  in  the  American  army.  At  present^  as 
I  have-  said,  it  was  tenanted  by  no  more  than  %., 
single  family,>the  master  of  which  wasa  mid^lp^ 
man  in  the  American  navy,  and  banished  hither  for 
some  misdemeanour ;  but  w^lt  was  to  i^s.of  no^iseh 
greater  importance,  it  was  likewise  stocked  J^ 
cattle  resembling  in  appearance  the 


of  the  highlands  of  Scotland,  and  notfa^ind'mem 
in  point  of  ji^Udness. 

,  While  the  remainder  of  the  arm]L«)ent  theff 
time  here,  the  4tl||^  21st  and  44th,  Pmg  laMed 
above. the>|oF^  were,l)i|sicd  ,in<  the  siege.  This 
sms^lfWorksta^ds,  asl  have  stattd,  at  the  extre- 
mitjr  fl  f  fianioi||(cp^#>  ^ixwf rd9  the  ^^  its ,  fqr|i* 


r 


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357 


4Jf  ■ 

fications  ftfe  rai|^1iit;»|e  enough,  bi^t  on  the  land|i 
skIq:  it  h  litde  Wtter  t^  Ttii 

fftnlpttfil  being  oomifjMed  of  sand,  not  more  thmi 
three  feet  in  thickness,  and  faced,  with  plaplif  are 
barely  cannon  jiroof;  while  a  sand-hill  risingfl^ith- 
mj^istolJshot  of  the  d^tcb,  completely  compfjpds 
''     Within,  again*  it  is  as  much  wanting  jnac- 


imodation,  as  it  is  in  strength.,  There  are  no 
roof  barracks,  nor  any  hole  or  arch  under 
wjbiich  men  might  find  protection  from  shel||^  in- 
iek»],  so  deficient  is  it  in  comnlion  lodging  rooms, 
that  great  part  of  the  garrison  slept  in  tents.  Tp^ 
reduce  this  place,  therefore,  occupied  but  a  sho^, 
titne^  The  troops  having  assembled  on  the  8th, 
#  drove  the  enemy's  within  their  lines  on  the  9th,  and 
^  hi&it  ground  the  same  evening.  On  the  10th, 
four  eighteen  pounders  with  two  howitzers  were 
placed  in  battery  upon  the  top  of  the  sand-hill;  on 
the  iM^t  the  fort  surrendered ;  and  on  the  12th,' 
the  garris^,  oonsis|||g  of  400  men  of  the  second 
^^fterican  regiment,  marched  out  with  all  the 
^jn^u^i  oC  v<^}'  and  laid  do^n  their  arms  upon  the 
glaoisJ.;,-^^   '' - /■  -  ....,,,, 

With  the  reduction  of  this  trifling  yvork  ende^ 
all#pstiligg  in  this  quarter  of  America,  for  D^ 
army  had  iSrcelyre-assembledi  when  intelligenipe 
arrived  from  Ej^gland  of  peace.  Thepews  reaph^, 
usonihe  14th,  and|shi^Qot  deny  ths^kMfa%|eiR^ 
ce^ed  with^inu(^~||ti8fiictioiii.  ,Xhpn|g^«i^ 
the  soldier's  harvest,  yelrit  must  be  confessed^^iat 


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when  curied  on  as  it  had  of  la^  been  conductec, 
it  is  a  harvest  of  which  men  soon  become  w|p%; 
{^d  many  of  us  having  iJeen  absent  for  elferal 
years  frpm  our  native  shores,  experienced  absolute  - 
delig^  at  the  prospect  of  returning  once  more  to 
the  bosom  of  our  families.  The  qommitnication 
wa^  therefore  welcomed  with  unfeigned  joy,  .n;9r^ 
could  any  other  topic  of  conversation  gain  atten* 
tion  throughout  the  camp,  except  the  anticipated 
re-enibarkation.   Hts^ 

But  as  the  preliminaries  only  had  been  signed, 
and  as  Mr.  Madison's  approval  was  required  be- 
fore we  should  be  at  liberty  to  depart,  our  army 
still  continued  stationary  upon  the  island.  Of  die 
President's  conduct,  however,  no  doubts  were  en- 
tertamed,  and  all  thoughts  of  future  mipiry 
operations  were  in  consequence  laid  aside.  The 
sole  aim  of  every  individual  was  thenceforth  to 
make  himself  as  comfortable  as  circumsdmces 
would  permit,  during  his  sojoiiiiin  diis  wilderness. 
To  effect  this  end  various  expedients  were  adc^tfto^ 
Among  others,  a  theatre  was  ere6ted>  in%bicli 
such  oi&cersas  chose  to  exhibit  perfoi^n^for  their 
own  amusement,  and  the  amusement  of  their 
friends.  In  shooting  and  fishing,  likqAase,  ni|ii^h 
of  our  time  was  spent ;  and  thus,  by  srabpting  the 
usiml  Qcpediepts  of  idle  n\en,  we  contrived  to  pass 
son^  days  lo  a  state  of  tolerable  comfort.    , 

er,  soon  grew  JTh, 


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lated 

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359 


9ipid,and  it  \,  as  firefore  with  sincere  rejoicing  that 
Mfe  bMr<l  Mr.  Madisonji  agreement  to  the  terms 
prop^d  ph  the  5th  !l^ch  promulgated.  All  was. 
now  hope  and  exulbtion,  an  immediate  departure 
was  anticipated,  and  those  were'pitie^  as  unfortu- 
nate whose  lot,  it  was  supposed,  might  detain  them 
^eh  a  day  behind  their  fellows.  But  as  yet  no 
.tnoipment  took  place ;  our  provisions  were  not 
sumcient  to  authorize  the  undertaking  so  long  a 
voyage  as  we  must  undertake,  did  we  attempt  to 
i*!Ort  for  the  nearest  British  settlsment ;  we  were 
therefore  forced  to  remain  where  we  were,  till  a 
frigate  should  return,  which*  had  been  sent  for- 
ward to  solicit  supplies  from  thi%ovemor  of 
Ctfa. 

iDuring  this  interval,    the  same  occupations 
were  resorted  to;  and  others  of  a  less  agreeable  na^ 
ture  ui^ertaken.  As  summer  came  on,  the  island 
s'ent  forth  niiiltitud^of  snakes  from  their  lurking- 
les,  wHicW  mfesmthe  camp,  making  their  way 
some  instances  into  our  very  beds.    This  was 
bad  enoi^,  but  it  was  not  the  only  nuisance  to 
which  i|!||  were  subject.    The  aligators,  which 
cbiing  die  winter  months  lie  in  a  dormant  state, 
Tum  begiblito  awake,  and  pre  vlingabot  t  the  mar^ 
gin  ttf  the  pod,  created  no  tittle  alarm  and  agita- 
tion.   Apparently  confounded  at  our  invasion  of 
i^  Aeir^rritories,  those  mbq^idors  at  first  confined 
,    ^enuelves  to  the  ixialrshy  part  of  tlie  island^  but 


v^ 


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beootningby  degrees  mot  >m\ii||»,they8oofi^m;' 
tured  to  approach  the  ver|^  F^i^ctvof  theayngii. 
One  of  them  'at  length  entired  a  tent,  in  wRich 
only  i  woman  iiid  a  ohild  chanced  to  be,  and  hav- 
ing stared  round  as  if  in  amazement,  walked  out 
again  without  offering  to  commi|  any  violence* 
*  But  the  vbit  was  of  too  serioiis  a  nature  tb  bl^ 
overlooked.    Parties  were  now  formed  for^^tlieic 
destruction,  and  it  was  usual  on  ^their  return,  in- 
stead of  |sking  how  many  birds,  to  demand  how. 
many  snakes  and  alig^rs  they  had  shot.    Of  the 
former,  indeed,  great  numbers  were  killed,  and  of 
the  latter  not  a  few,'1lie  ftffgest  of  which  measured 
about  nir.5  ftlJprom  the  snout  to  the  tail. 

Another  employment,  also,  deserves  to  be  n^dt 
because  it  is  truly  characteristic  of  the  boyish  |9Hty 
«f  young  soldiers.    Wearied  with  a  state  of  idle*- 
ness,  the  officers  of  the  7th,  43d,  and  14th  drfgoons 
made  an  attack  with  fir-appltt^pon,  those  of  the 
85th,  93d,  and  95th.  For  thi^pace  o^ipme 
tfiey  l^ted  each  other,  from  morning, till  ii|gl 
laying  ambuscades,  and  exhibiting^  ort  a* stnall. 
scale,  all  the  stratagems  of  war;  whlrle^|l|e  whole 
army,  not  even  excepting  the  Generals  themselves, 
stood  by  and  spurred  them  on.  .^.■'^'*     ^ 

But  to  continue  a  detail  of  such  proceedings, 
would  only  swell  my  narfative,i^  wi^oiit  amusing 
you ;   I   shall   therefore*  cbntent   mysel^Mw^ith  m 


observing,  that  things  ire; 


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the  |4th  of  Ma^;  when  th«  l6ng*Ibokid  for  fii^ 
||t^||leni^liTived^  the  15th;' the  fir^ 

diviHn  of  the  army  Whberking,  set  sail  tor  Eng- 
kBid.  The  wind,  however,  was  fdul,  lior  iflid  the 
ahips  make  tkiy  way  till  the  17th,  when  a  fresh 
biteze  springing  up,  we  stood  our  course,  and  by 
o^clock  on  the  21st,  could  distinguish  the  high 


Unl4^  Cuba.  But  the  violence  of  the  gale  having 
driven  tis  considerably  to  leeward,  we  were  forced 
to  beat*  up,  and  beat  along  the  coast,  on  which  ac- 
count it  was  not  till  the  23d  mat  we  came  opposite 
to  the  port  of  Havannah.  '  ^^ 

rrH  ■  *•       *»  '  ■ 

.  Than  the  approach  to  Urn  <3ty,  and  its  first  ap- 
pearance from  the  water,  it  is  impossible  to  con- 

*  c^^Bl^y  ^^i"S  ^^'^  grand  and  imposing.  A  little 

*  bay,  extremely  narrow  at  the  entrance,  forms  the* 
harbour.    On  each  sidi  of  it  stand  forts  of  prodi- 
gious ^ngth,  particularly  those  on  the  left,  where, 
the  ground  is  consid<||^bly  elevated,  white  the  city 

r,  with  its  ramparts  and  towers,  its  numerous 


sleei^es,  spires,  and  public  buildings,  gives  ait  as- 
jsuhmc^  of  health  and  magnificence  peculiarly 
striking.  When  we  entered,  every  tower  was  sur- 
mo^eltby  a  national  banner  half  mast  high,  a 
ciremnsaKi  which  at  least  did  ilbt  diminish  the 
effect  of  a  fiiit  view ;  and  the  guns  from  the  forts 
answering  o«r  patutd,  shewed  us  how  despc^rat^ 
liui^t  W^e  condition  of  ah  enemy  that  should 
%*^rewithktlfeirAmge.    Whythiflagushdbld 


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lit^^ihdt^ate'a  general  ^ournii|g;,  we  wer^||t  ft 
ioSsrib  giifiss,  till  thfe^iljk'iniformed  us  i^ 
was  holy  wee|. '  Then,  iimeed,  we  rem^fi^red 
that#6  hidre^medto  a  Roniah  Cathojic  countty, 
Wid 'rej6i6ed  at  die  lucky  acdidej^t  which  had 
brought  us  thithcir  at  siich  a  seiiseh.  i 

As  it  was  late  before  we  anchored,  I  was  prtfr 
vented  from  landing  that  night;  but  on  dife^or- 
row' I  went  on  shore  at  an  early  hour,  with  the 
intentiotnof  seeing  as  much  as  my  time  would  al< 
low.    But  in  my  pribposed  visits  to  the  diSereift    • 

rints  v/orthy  of  attention  I  was  interrupted.'  •  It 
was  Good  Friday,  consequently  all  public  places 
were  shut,  and  neither  guides  nor  carriages  could 
be  procured.  But  if  I  was  disappointed  iRt^^» 
'my  disappointment  was  aniply  compensated  oy  a  ♦ 
\iew  of  the  religious  c<^rein6niesi  peculiar  to  that 
day.  "4t ' 

Walking  into  the  largest^^hurch  m  the  city,  I 
beheld,  beside  the  altar,  a  figure  of  diif  SajiiFioi^^ 
lar^as  life,  nailed  to  a  cross.  Beside  this  figure 
stood  a  number  of  Monks,  one  of  whom  presented  • 
a  rod,  with  a  sponge  affixed  to  its  moiith,  while  a 
second  thrust  appear  into  its  side,  from  which  c^me 
gut  a  liquor  ha^g  the  colour  of  blo<^ flid  water. 
This  being  carefully  caught  in  a  golden  dish*  the 
figiure  was  taken  down  froni  the  .cross,  wrapped 
round  with  white  lineii  clothes,  and  l|i^upoii  p 
bier,  when  en  iniipdsing  procesdbn  began  in  iKe^ 


„^. 


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363 

foUQwinfforjlar:,  First  inarched  ft  military  band, 
fH^j^MEfilow  and  solemn  ||^usic ;  next  came  a  gus^4 
of  s(^pb,  with  heads^nt down,  and  arms  revers- 
ed ^  thenfoItSwed  about  two  hundttd  Mpnj^s  be- 

fing  to'  dilTerent  orders,  arrayed  In  their  dark 
},  with  hands  and  feet  bare,  and  crucifixes  sus- 

ided  from  thehrneicks.  A  short  interval  now  suc- 
(,  andaiiiotherparty  of  monks  dressed  in  white, 
app^ed,  singing  hymns  in  honour  of  the  Virgin. 
Next  came  a  splendid  couch  surmounted  by  a  cano- 
py, covered  with  white  silk,  tind  sparkling  with  gold^ 
and  jewels,  upon  which  sata  waxen  image  of  the 
Mother  of  Godyclothed  in  jgorgeous  apparel.  Fol- 
lowing this  was  another  party  of  white  robed  Monks, 
chaunting  a  requiem  for  a  departed  soul,  and  then 
'^a  seic^d  interval.    At  the  distance  of  perhaps 
twenty  yards  from  these  came  two  Monks  bearing 
two  lar^  silver  r.<ails,  then  two  others  bearing  a 
spear  and  a  rod,  and  then  the  body  of  our  Saviour, 
strig(^ed  at  full  length  upon  the  bier.    After  the 
biw  caipe  two  Monks  bearing  two  other  naiis,  mid 
then  odier  two  bearing  a  small  cross  and  a  ladder. 
Here,  agaiiil  there  was  another  interval,  which  was 
succeeded  by  a  third  white-robed  party  likewise 
chauM|lng|||^pquiem.    Next  to  thipse  came  about 
twenty  can(5ns  arrayed  in  scarlet ;  then  another 
couch  covered  with  crimson  velvet,  Miiich  sup- 
ported {^figure  oi  Mary  Magdalen,  likewise  in  a 
sitting  posture ;  the^  a  secpud  body  of  canons  sue- 


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364 


HAyiiriir4 


qeMed  by  aboiit^b  hundred  ^oiks  in  bl^| 
ajp^  these,  another  gyartlp^sotdieb,  and  h 
a  se<3mid  military  tkurid. 

In  s{^  ofJplrgUi^e,  I  fO«iia  not  avoid 
d#^ly  stmckiby  this  si^teiiin  pddwtaripa.  The  i 
jierfertfied  ^  the  bands  were  slow  actd  moiii 
the  voices  of  the  singers  were  deep  and  muskealVtli^ 
dresses  were  rich  to  a  dejjree  of  splendour,  a'M  thlt 
whole  was  gone  through  with  much  apparent  de- 
votion. No  cloubt,  when  regarded  with  the  eye 
of  reflection,  the  whc^  may  seem  something  worse 
than  ludicrous,  but  it  is  impossible  to  witness  the 
scene,  and  to  reason  on  its  propriety  at  the  same 
time.  As  long  as  the  pageant  is  before  your  eyes, 
you  are  lost  in  wonder,  and  a  species  of  awcj^iior 
is  it  till  after  it  has  disappeared,  that  you  «ri  in- 
clined to  ask  yourself  why  you  gave  way  to  feel- 
ings of  that  nature.  Yet,  among  the  ni^e^,  I 
thought  I  could  observe  a  Cfcmsiderable  degree  of 
levity.  It  is  true,  that  as  toany  as  were  in#ijs 
streets,  or  at  the  windows,  dropped  upon  thifk- 
knees  while  die  procession  passed,  but  their  eardess 
looks  and  suppressed  smiles  sufficiency  {M'oved, 
that^ey  knelt  only  because  they  wer6  oUiged  to 

kneel.  4lP    "^' 

Commencing  at  the  door  ci  the  d^urdi  where 
the  rejMresentation  of  lA»  crucifixion  had  been  ex- 
hilMted,  the  funeral  party,  {§or  it  was  neitlUr  more 
nor  less,)  proceeded  tlUptigh  the  principal  streets 


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HAVANNi^. 


365 


in  Ihe  town,  wi^  a  slow  and  measured  pace.    As 
all  except  the  soldiers  walked  two  and  two,  it  co- 
veredjit  should  conceit  e,  little  less  than  a  mile  in 
extent,  and  after  winding  from  lane  to  lane,  and 
from  square  to  square,  directed  its  steps  towards  a 
particular  convent  where  the  waxen  image  was 
solemnly  deposited  in  a  vault.  It  is  said,  but  with 
what, truth  I  cannot  pretend  to  determine,  that 
a  different  image  is  made  use  of  every  year,  and 
that  the  vault  is  now  so  full  of  waxen  corpses,  that 
it  will  be  necessary  before  long  to  have  some  of 
them  destroyed. 

Having  now  gottid  of  the  most  sacred  part  of 
their  burthen,  the  Monks,  bearing  only  the  two 
couches,  returned  in  procession  by  the  same  route 
and  in  the  saiEie  order  as  they  had  proceeded,  only 
the  bands  struck  up  lively  airs,  and  the  singers 
chaumted  hymns  of  rejoicing  and  hallelujahs.  In- 
stead of  walkir^  at  a  slow  pace,  likewise,  they  % 
step|)ed  om  almost  in  a  tort  of  dance,  and  reaching 
the  door  rj  the  grrat  chof'j),  they  there  separated, 
each  party  hastening  to  ife  a  Iwuse  to  celebrate 
mass. 

Into  one  or  tw«*  rif  dae  convent  chapels  I  like-  . 
wise  mitemLfl^  wr  escnt  during  the  perform- 
ance of  thi^  very  spu-iking  service.  I  found  them 
ornamented  i'.i  the  ndjt>^  ms,^iificent  manner.  The 
rafters  of  many  being  gil<W  <*ver,  and  all  the  win- 
dows cr<^,»wded  wkh  stained  glass.  Of  pictures, 
and  what  struck  me  as  something  better  than  mere 
^      3A 


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366 


K^VAWNAH. 


daubs,  there  were  also  great  numbers.  In  ft  word, 
it  seemed  ad  if  I  had  reached  the  heart  and  capital 
of  Roman  CathQli:i&  splendour.  Nothing  that  I 
had  beheld  in  the  i^idther  country  could  at  all  com- 
|iBre  with  wlfiit  wsys  now  before  me,  and  I  returned 
in  the. evening  to  my  ship,  not  indeed  a  convert  to 
^e  principles  of  that  religion,  but  d«^dedly  as- 
tonished and  confounded  at  the  aolemn  ipign^- 
eence  of  its  ceremoniesi 


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HAVAVHAH. 


367 


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5L»^:,^, BETTER  ^XXV. 


■^*-  MkiiR  earlfhour  next  mcming  I  returned  to  the 
<^itj^  liLd  Ibittid  that  the  face  ef  affiiirs  had  under- 
gone a  complete  reyoludrai.  No  more  melancholy 
countenances,  no  closed  shops  and  vacant  streets 
vi^ere  now  to  be  seen;  all  was  bustle  and  rejoicing, 
bells  ringing,  carriages  rattling  along,  flags  flying, 
and  guns  firing.  The  solemnity  of  Good-Friday 
ends,  it  appeared,  atten  o'clock  on  Saturday  morn- 
ing ;  and  from  that  time  lh  j  merriments  of  Easter 
have  their  commencement 
.  The  whole  of  this  day  I  spent  in  strolling  over 
die  different  walks,  and  points  of  viewfrom.whence 
ihe  town  and  siirrounding  country  may  be  seen  to 
most  advantage,  and  I  Certainly  must  pronounce  it 
by  far  the  mostmagnificent  colonial  capital  I  have 
visite(£  The  streets  are  in  general  wide,  clean,  and 
airy ;  the  houses^  except  in  the  suburbs,  are 
composed  entirely  of  stone,  and  being  occasionally 
intermia|||Ml  with  convents,  churches,  and  other 
public  binlding's,  produce  a  very  striking  and  hand- 
some effect.  Though  surrounded  by  a  rampart, 
Havannah  has  litde  of  the  confined  and  straight- 
ened appean^nce  by  which  fortified  towns  are 


"^v. 


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UAVANNAX. 


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generaUy  disfigured.  The  Wjorks  being  of  gntatf 
extent,  have  left  within  theif  cif«uiDfereno«  abitti-  ' 
dant  room  for  th(?  <|liplay  of  elegance  and  n^tness 
in  its  construction,  a{)  adv^itage  which  has  not 
been  neglect^;  v*«iie  Irofn  ^iU^  situation  ♦h^y 
command  as  glorious  a  prosj>ect  as  ean^well  be 
imagined. 

WhcD  you  ascend  a  bastion  which  ovei4iuigtt4h%^ 
harbour,  the  city  with  all  its  towers  and  spires  Up9 
immediately  and  distinctly  beneath  your  gaze. 
Beyond  it,  again,  you  perceive  a  wincUng  of  ^ 
bay,  which  washes  three  sides  of  the  ]|;rirom<MitQry(7 
where  the  city  stands  j  n'lmerous  fields  of  sugas^' 
cane  and  Indian  ccrni  s^iqceed,  inteifseci»$d  by 
groves  of  orange  and  otli^r  fruit  trees,  which  eH-s'^ 
tend  for  some  miles  in  a  sort  of  inclined  plantf,  and^' 
are  at  length  bounded  by  lofty  and  rugged  rpQiim- 
tains.     On  your  left  again  is  the  creek  or  eD.tr»tice, 
to  the  bay,  separating  you  from  the  Moro,  a  line  of 
casdes  remarkable  for  their  i>trength  and  extent. 
Behind  sweep  the  waters  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  ; 
and  on  the  right  is  another  view  muchresen^ling 
th|tt  which  lies  before  you,  only  tliat  it  is  more 
narrowed ;  the  high  ground  bearing  in  i^h  direc- 
tion closer  upon  the  city..    On  the  whole,  I  do  not 
remember  to  have  been  more  fprcibly  sIKck  by 
pny  scenery,  than  that  which  I  beheld  from  this 
bastion ;  so  well  were  town  and  country,  castles 
aad  convents,  land  ai^d  water,  hill  and  valley> 
combined. 


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^T. 


KAVANNAH. 


369 


HaVing^^Upcnt  some  hours  in  wandering  tf^ugh 
the  city,  I  endeavoured  io  male  my  Way  into  the 
forttl  and  to  examine  the  sUjfe  of  the  works.    But 
iif  lK»th  <€  diese   attempt)  I  was  interrupted. 
Without  an  order  from  the  Governor  I  was  inform- 
Jisd,  none,  even  of  the  natives  are  permitted  to  enter 
the  Moro,  .^nd   all  applications  on  the  pm  of 
ftnreiigiiic^;  flfre  'viniformly  refused.    There  Was  a 
ildegree  Of  jealousy  in  this,  as  needless  as  it  was  illi- 
beml,  Imt  indeed  the  whole  conduct  of  thjS  Spanish 
yftuthorities  gave  proof  of  their  reluctance  to  admit 
^^theiFold  allies,  even  to  the  common  rites  of  hospi- 
:tality.    From  the  monient  we  entered  the  harbour 
the  militia  of  the  island  were  called  out,  many  of 
the  guns  which  conunandnd  our  shipping  were ' 
shotted,  and  artillerymen  with  lighted  fuses,  stood 
constantly  beside  them.     An  order  was  likewise 
issued,  prohibiting  more  than  two  persons  to  land 
at  the  same  time  from  each  vessel,  and  many  other 
precautbns  were  taken,  little  complimentary  to  the 
good  &iti)  of  those,  to  whom  Spain  must  feel  that 
sh^  owes  her  very  existence.     In  spite  of  these 
drawbacks,  however,  I  contrived  to  spend  a  week 
in  this  city  witli  much  satisfaction.    Tne  Opera ' 
JKKJ  TIpatre  opening  on  Easter  Sunday,  and  conti- 
nuing open  during  the  remainder  of  our  stay,  fur- 
nished sufficient  amusement  for  the  evenings, 
while  in  walking  or  ridbg  about,  in  examining 
the  different  churches  aind  chapes,  and  in  chatting 


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with  nuns  through  the-^gnte,  or  Mttftks  D^HMh 
their  cells,  my  mofniligB  pawed  away  more  tfsAc^ 
than  I  desired.  '.w%*«flr^%»*- 

At  length,  oor  fktuAlKng  and  Watering  beh% 
completei  on  tlii  9tb  of  Ajirik  #e  hide  adiea  to  the 
shores  of  Cuba,  and  runnbig  atong  With  thft  giUf  ^ 
stifeam^  took  our  course  towards  Berthodii  -The 
wBid  ftvoured  us  great!^,  and  on  the  ITdf'^^ 
again  reached  these  islands ;  where  we  delayed  tiU 
Uie  SSd,  when  once  more  setting  sail,  we  steered 
directly  for  England.  During  die  remiind)^  of 
the  voyage  nothing  of  importance  occurred  tiB 
the  7ih  of  May,  when  reaching  in  towards  H^ 
shores  of  Brest*  we  were  astonished  by  beholding 
the  tri-coloured  flag  floating  from  the  citadel. 
Of  the  mighty  events  which  had  taken  place  in 
Europe,  we  were  as  yet  in  perfect  ignorance. 
Though-surprised)  thereibre,  at  the  first  vitW  idi 
that  beacon  of  war,  we  naturally  concluded  it  to  be 
no  more  dian  a  signal-,  and  passed  on  withotft 
enquiry.  As  we  <iMK:ended  the  channd,  hQWev#^' 
we  were  h^ed  by  a  schooner  which  pfofesiedlb 
communicate  •some- news  concerning  BuOiii|Xirte; 
butthe  wind  being  high,  we  could  ncit  cUsdnctfy 
tell  wliat  was  said ;  nor  was  it  till  the  9tli»  when 
we  had  andiored  off  Spit*headi  that  the  re-af^»ea»< 
ance  of  that  wonderful  man  was  made  l^nown; 

The  effisct  of  this  intelligence  it  would  bs  diffi- 
cult to  describe.    At  first  it  was  received  with 


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''^"'"le 


IIIIAIXS. 


"fiPP^ 


«^lBiiiatkins«  but  by  and  by,  those  who  had 
dreamed  of  home  began  to  p^ccive  in  it  the  de- 
struction of  their  visions.  Yet  we  considered  that 
we*  were  soldiers,  and  certainly  no  regiet  was  ex- 
peiienced  when  we  were  ordered  to  re-embark, 
and  sail  for  the  Downs. 

.  liaving  t^ius  brought  my  luurrative  to  a  cpnclu- 
sioi^l  cannot  lay  aside  my  pen  without  offering  a 
^wfiemarks  upon  the  events  of  this  busy  year, 
and  the  nature  of  an  American  war  in  general. 
In  doing  so,  1  shall  b^gin  with  the  unfortunate 
attack  upon  New. Orleans,  and  endeavour,  in  as 
few  words  as  possible,  to  assign  the  true  causes  of 
Its  failure. 

From  the  account  whieh  I  have  given  of  this 
afl&ir,  it  wiU  appear  that  from  its  very  commence- 
ment it  was  replete  with  error,  and  gave  promise 
of  no  better  result  than  actually,  occurred.  I  do 
not  here  allude  to  the  spot  fixed  upon  for  landii^, 
because  that  was  as  appropriate  as  could  be  chosen, 
•Neither  do  1  allude  to  the  groundless  rumours 
brought  in  by  deserters ;  for  to  such  all  assailants 
sffelii^e  f  but  the  error  lay  in  the  steps  subsequently 
adopted;  In  the  unhappy  advance  of  the  first  dk^ 
vision  firom  a  place  of  concealment  Into  ^  open 
country,  without  pushing  forward  to  the' extent 
required  The  fact  is,  that  having  reached  the 
f,  main  land  in  safety,  one  out  of  two  plans*  might 
have  been  selected  by  General  Keane ;  which,  in 


.  ;        -^■■'   ■     >.    \ 

.          ...Ws.- 

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all  probability^  would  have  been  equally  attended 
with  succe^.    Either  he  might  have  remained  in 
the  morass  till  the  whole  army  was  asienbled;  or  if 
this  was  deemed  dangerous,  he  ought  to  have  ad- 
vanced upon  th«  city,  -^inth  the  first  division  alone*,^ 
If  it  be  objected,  that  -j.  force  of  1,600  men  was  • 
incompetent  for  an  undertaking  so  hazardous  as 
the  latter,  I  reply  that  there  could  be  no  more 
hazard  in  it  than  in  the  step  which  was  tAkei#*^. 
New  Orleans  is  not  a  regular  fortification,  requir- 
ing a  large  army,  and  a  powerful  battering  train 
for  its  reduction.    In  obtaining  possession  oi  \t^ 
there  would  have  been  no  difficulty,  because  I  have 
every  reason  to  believe  that  the  American  troops 
really  were,  at  the  time  of  our  landing,  some  miles 
above  the  city ;  and  surely  it  would  not  have  been  # 
more  hard  to  repulse  an  attack  within  a  town,  than 
in  the  open  country.    But  neither  of  these  courses^ 
was  pursued.    The  advance  was  withdrawn  from 
concealment,  and  intelligence  of  the  point  threat-  < 
eAed,  communicated  to  the  American  general;  the 
consequence  of  which  was  a  well-directed  attack 
upon  oW  bivouac,  and  an  immediate  commence^ 
ment  of  those  works  which  afterwards  resisted  and 
repelle'^  all  our  efforts. 

The  second  error  evident  in  tfiis  business,  was 
the  selection  of  the  schooner  instead  of  the  ship 
for  destruction.  Had  the  latter,  which  lay  farther 
uf>  ^  stream,  been  destroyed,  it  is  clear  that  the 


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beoQ  qf  ftmhfv  wmojruife  !%«*»■$  wh^mH  ^ 
schooner  b^.lyivpt,  4m  |%  was  only  i»ii(iovc4 
oiitoftjb^  rmi^  fif  daQ|;»r,  and  pc3st«4  where  a||0 
oQwldbftiiifimtel^  moreadvantageoinitoherfriendA, 
ttud^lN^ltientai  to  hier<,eneiiues.  This  m  itself  waa 
'^  a  &tal  ennpr,  and  beyond  «#  doubt  coiitrib^lpdi  m 
a  yeiy  ^^t  Jegree,  to  the  repulse  ojn  fliei  dS^ k^ 


rfhfilhjrderFO'-  undone  which  continued  tpeij|^ 
*  its  kfimme  '      '^hout  the  whole  campaign*  wi|8 
the  <lelay  in  ir.  a  general  action.  ,  Why 

our  troopa  fell  ^».ii  u^xm)  the  29th,  I  confess,  is  to 
me  a  mystery.    It  was  not  to  be  supposed  that  an 
o^lofT  who  had  shiOWlA  «>  °^nch  judgmcait  as  the 
American  Clenera),  Jackson,  displayed  in  hb. first 
endeavours  to  /  check  an  advance,  would  lose  the 
jiK^ai^gea  w^ch  the.  nature  of  his  position  a&r- 
ded^    That  hc^  would  fortify  the  neck  of  land,  ]§- 
4sil|,  fifas  exa(;dy  what  must  have  been  expect^ 
g^  4l;«Biefoc^  every  hour  during  which  an  att|c|L 
was  d^(^i7ed,  contributed  so  mu^  tp  Jj*|t|5^^ 
and  ^  j^wj»kness.    It  is  tru^l^  w?,  shouW 
jhaw  sufeed.  |«d  pKd)ably  s^ffipred  sqrJ^^ 
unquestionably  our  chances  of  su^^ring  w^ 
dSffliinished  |3>y  d#ay,    We  ought,  therer9r^^>. 
,^stead  of  Ming  bade,  to  haye  pjirsucd  oi^  gpf- 
%«!iions  with  vigour  oqi  thati  day;, because  the 
4mfi$)can  lines   were  nQt^^^^^  tenaWs,^.  p^ 

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lii|ps|p«Mlf  deemed  ii|f(|rt]|in9te.ii 

Uliiilid  judicious ;  anddpiervse^  >ft'#ipN'i|^^ 
#yii^  a  di&ientresult  ifom^tv^l^^ 
|M»  a|t«i«ied.    But  for  its  fattui^..^QQr  Pttkeiihlili 

Hmsii^d^III^^  pradence  ^i^^ovide ;  iD|f^.the 

lim^^taaS^e  battle  maj^^some  JMsoiv^^ta 
n^Kvttted*'^ '   '  ■■■  ■'■:4;h-'-'  ^■*c''''-"'^-yN'j 

lilMii^  nras  not  wholly  occasioiiQft^tfrltimnldii^ 
Ipiteio^deittp.  For  the  conduct  of  iCokoMiii^ 
^^pji#3||iiL^44^  Heghoent  undecliiB  eoMnuiil^ 


^t  I4o  s^  Qi^ap  oili  wOMid 


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iBined  biit^t,  Mitbiendl 

^  ill'liij^t  dtigrte 

i9^|i0ifi^  hu  regi^^  to  bear  tbe^^iscines 

xiCfeelliig  a  ffideat  ^eWinour 

ipoo  llieni»  that  officer  fell  into  ikspiM^* 

stated^  in*  tP^  hearing  of  the  private  ^<fier9, 
^1^  hi^  cQfp9  was  devoted  to  desfructiofi ;  s^ 
Ipndtioled  Wiself,  in  every  respect,  %e  a  con* 
demiM;4  criminal  pp. the  night  previous  to  his 
$xeci4on.  Whqi  t|he  troops  got  und^  arms, 
IDstead  of  bringini|i|s  battalion  to  the  redou^ 
Mdiere  h^iiadlieen^iniiucted  to  find  %;  laddcfrs^ 
he  n^rched  d||%ctly  past  it,  and  led  them  into  th^ 
fidd  witho«it  a  single^addet*  or  fescine.  When 
^day  dait^d*  and  he  was  sent  ba(^  for  these 
iMliifflMfilB,  he  headed  his  eor^  in  its  retrogade 
lilveBieitt,  but  left  it  to  return  as  it  could  to  the 
fi«nt;  andi^whOT  soi^t  fi^  to  guide  die  attack^^ 
VR9t«ili||lii^  to  Thatapsgii^ent,]^ 

^kmud  ism^ Jcaerted  by  its  cornmant&^o^c^ 
aboM)d  £{#}^lQto  oonftision^  canpot  occ^iiosc  1^ 

the  subse^^at  diaorpfiii 

n^t  hire  beeii  f^pee^ed. 


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.would,  oot-ai^lisfi  0tmiSmfimi^^ifi0''''^J^^ '  - 
j^ust  of  coui^  remam  as  aiitttto^ 
Wn  £1^^  opnuMi  #tbat  ifc  ^^^  ^/IW 
idle  fas^iiQs  tiieiiti  lit  hahd  to 
'  i|Ad '  the  Ukddeis  ti^  plant  agaiiiaM*>i 
|s  SQ90^asclay  light appesa>e^^«9fiietil^^ 
Ittttle  would  haveended  bfi»M}jk)r  ofitheasitfUaii^^ 
but  as  jdbis  was  not  the  oast,  isv^  ain^^wiiB 
under  fire  before  these  impi;einents  were  si|  muefa 
as  sought  for,  it  is  no  W(»ide^%t>it8torf  #^ared 
&r  dte  Anaericans..  To  pM^lidders  a^&seiins 
wopen  day,  and  under  a  heav^  disdutfge'of  muW 
ke%and  artilleiy,  requires  mudi' cdobess  and 
determiiiiation,  neither  of  %ich  wa»  cviheed'  by 
the  corps  to  wl|ich  that  duty  was  as^gil^:  ^ 
being  deserted  by  their  leader,  and  ignOfaiit|ef 
H^  |)oii^  whither  they  were  to  proeeed^^^  #^ 
JHeisIoi^  their  ran]L%  and  1^^ 

^|i^l^Yen^  *icl|  th^<Hig^ 

iihmt  lainried  to  the  foot^i|f  ramprts.  ^Tlie 
coniB(|^e(ie(!||^iswa!»,  i^^Mmp^mimi^^ 
ivisefellmt9ediifus|)n;  mdl^ammM$^^oi»VI^ 
Jstor^pOl  t||^  jiprals  vkte  heme 
^Nnnidld  finwiiyiild.    Much 

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lie  i^anijr.  Ho#  tfiiik)<k;tirred  I  sN^ii^  take 
^    .>     ktifK»if|»tcj;iledtoe,thou^^^ 
'^  till  wmMihis  guke  of  phibsibility;  hsf  e  be^cfas 

0^iBSial^  The  tmck  t^xm  New  OrljeiM^i^  p^ 
im&Sfytt^ocTtt  expedition ;  so  secret,  miil^d^tlit 
It  wts  ^liM  coihttiomcatedttAheMerior  <^ 
•iolditsrs  in  the  armaitienit^  till  imtnediately^ifriivio^ 
to  ouip^uitting  iaaiai&a. ;  To  the  Ameiyihs)  ho#> 
«v6r,.it  Hf^MHttfi  tb  lii<iifs'been  knowii  k^  ^dttf, 
and  hence  it  was,  that,  instead  of  taking  theiii  liha- 
'i^aras/we^Miiid  them  fully  prepsbred  for  our  nss^ep' 
^tioili^'  But  it  is  ^s^  add  cannot  be  reddlled^  aiid 
"dier^biy  to  pointout  errors  on  thS^iiartoflfiiy  0ptiH- 
^meiican  tfbrvehb  good  end.  That  the 'ikilureis 
#%e  tam^tljt^  tio  oine  will  deny,  sinceifaecQn%ip||it 
%f  lltilirQrteAh^wdtildh^e  lieeii 
'^is6ti'11liriilb6t  ValtiUble  atquisitKSn ' 
*niadlb  tb*m  BHtiish  donimioni;  m^k^s^^ 
#KoIe  #esfeM  fieibilphei^.  In  jlo^a^on  d^  tlit 
w«' lhouT^^|^'''k«|)t  th^Hltire  so^diem 
tf^  UimedStates  in  check ;  and^isM^ 
of  tbtnmeit6  to  oiaf  oiin  mJimiuits,  df 


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fpmmfncemei^t,  and  ,|he  biq^paii^  jli^^ 
^asliij^l^,  il  will  b^jJound  that  .pur 
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'Si^s^e,  antd  one  or  two  other 
conclusion,  we  have  be^  .^qupUy 
Froi^  whit  cause  dpi^  this  proceed?  IHt^^ 
^any  inferior^  in  coui«|(e  or  discipline,  because  is^ 
these  partioiilars  British  solders  and  sailoijs  up 
yid4  ^  f^e  in  the  world*  ^,^Pie»^iii^ust,4)>en9^^b^ 
^fl^iQ^o^^.  cause  for  these  misfortunes,  and  tl|jf^ 
^usc^  is  surely  one  which  has  conti(|i|pl|j^^M|id 
flU  our  pliinB  of  American  #ar&re» 
J  Mfe  haye  loi^been  habituated^  <^,d(ip«|e  the 
4|n^ipans;  as  ah  enemy  unworthy  «£  imm^.^' 
I|;q,  |his  alone  it  is  to  fa^  o^rifci^'  itij^ 
in^nned  were  {^Nnt  out  tojoopt^itl^ 
4^^|^^p^e  of  contan)i0§>  thenk  wi#iin  ^^bm 
1^  4p  4iis,  also,  the. :  trifling  han^£i|l8  4il 
to  cond^G||tl^  sirar  by  jandi.^  ^ 
stead  of  fifyWiwiditd  h|^M  ^usai^^^^^^^l^ 
silled  i[xmthe6ar«ine  under  Geoerali 
f  (pfferei|^|ni§^  hel  have  acted!  There 
haVerbeet  tllflftmiiecessity  i<^  le^ 


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fK>  time  givitf^  die  IMbndbiXirBdtimo^^ 
nilffchi«g  «criia  ^  cdiititiy,  he  might  have  doiie 

'^  |S  td'ftoftl^^^Ji^  to  the  <gier.  Aiid  it  i^ 

"  *"   ^**  -  0h||til||i«^sur  with  Amerioamr  be  iuccess- 

caitiiNl<$h^  To  penetrate  lip  the  country  amidst 

lesi^R^  )ukd  botm^Ress  deserts,  ami  tb  aiiil 

#  ipingBitt^cdiiquest,  is  out  of  the  fuef^bi^ 

A|Ai(lilp;iiiiat  be  assaulted  only  oh  her  ocasts* 

hiiboiirsdiNtrpyed,  her  shipping  bttrri^iahd 

ietoo^'towni  hud  waste,  are  the  ohly  evils 

whi<di  Mb  has  reason  to  dfead ;  and  wi^  a  luiS. 

«icrit  %oe  embarked  with  these  orders^  nii'^kie^ 

rican  Ulr  woidd  Jseol'  long  tontinuande. 

^«  Ataehuieholf  ek^ence  has  hof|;tiu^  us 

miftt  stieh  a  war   must  not  be  "entered   into, 

Qiil«s  it  ^'OQilducted  with  spirit;  and' th^ 

is  iio.  conduGtiiig  it  widi  i^irit,  ejtc^  with 

a  wtflteieiit  hmnincal  force.    To^e  plan  which 

I  prapoie  of  leaking  desert  the  whole  line  of 

«6ikit, Junay*  bcofajicted,  that  by  so  doing, -we 

f^}M  distress  individttals,  and  not  1ih#  Govc^ 

HMAt^    But  they  who  bflfer  this  ofajectieb^ 

the  flitisy^  btfth  oC  the  people  whose  d^i 

jAi^  ahdtif  thejNiPniment  imck^  which  th^ 

vtnce 


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most  fl^rdlli^^d  we  aULknow  how  ftryrivalt 
soilplg  goes  to  bSuence  aman's  public  opinions. 
Asides,  the  veiy  principle  upon  which  the  advo* 
tstes  for  the  s^srtdness  of  pi|Mii  ippfity  pro- 
ceed, is  flto(^er  erroneoiia.    liili^that, 
absolute  monaiphies,  where  war  is  Hipf  ] 
• '  the  pQ9tj|DC  of  kings,  than  the  desire  4l^bj< 
noti-ooinDieitants  ought  to  be  dealt  with  as  hut^Maie^'' 
ly  a^pNsible.  Not  so,  however,  ih  Stall|p]N«m- 
^    ed  ^  popular  assemblies.  By  oonnpeHil^J^  ^^9"^ 
stituents  to  experience  the  real  hafdshipsllidin^^ 
series  of  warfare,  you  will  soon  compel  tnl  repra^ 
secjplves  to  a  vote  of  peace ;  and  surely  that  lim 
of  conduct  is,  upon  the  whole,  most  humaaii. ' 
r  which  puts  the  speediest  period  to  the  cruelties  df 
/war.    There  are  few  men  who  would  not  ratl^ 
endure  a  raging  fever  for  three  days,  fhan  a  slow 
and  lingering  disease  for  three  monthi^,    So  it  la 
:^with  a  demoQ^yat  wir«    Bum  thdr  housesi 
i  plunder  dieir  property,  block  up  their  harbours^ 
ibd  destroy  their  shippiiig  in  a^few  pbces ;  and 
}i$b^(B^\x  have  time  to  proceed  to  the  rest,  y^u 
wHl  be  itx^iped  by  entreaties  fat  peace.    Where* 
as,^  if  you  do  no  mischief  that  can  be  avoided,  if  . 
yotioidy  fight  their  fleets  m^  ai^pnies  wherever  you 
meet  them,S  suffisr M  |lbtt>itants  to  V^  jm^ 
undbt^ied  tranquillity,  they  will  continue  i^<m,v 
hostUflP  till  they  have  worn  out  the  mioans  d||^Pp; 
party,  a|d  W^0f  weakenedjiosc  ^^^^L  ~^^  * 
f  r^^ShpuId  |j|i)tfier  war  breaF  out  I^M&i  Jbit 


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ling  tetters  having  mi 
it  wmm^  in  this  e^p|tiy,  tlis  sdj^  of  the 
w  -^7^1Ni#  i^pmitions  of  which  they  give  9^  iimtive^ 
* . '  ^l&ll^l^t  thaf.  an  American  ^ttUpii  of 
*  l^fifo^^ifjM  vnk  be  unacceptable.    1^  83&  the 
^rn^tial  sfatinr  dP  the  work  has  been  considc^td 
'pnn  ^t)^  than  is  usual  with  British  writers, 
when. their  Subject  b  America;  but  whatever 
^lay  be  thd  disposition  of  the  author,  hiai  KtlSfB 
jpiliitain  soim^  gross*  errors,  wi^h  it  i^  deemed 
J^m&ait  to"^  correct    The    publishos   hi^ve, 
iherefbre,  annezed  to  the  piresent  editiol^  a  law 
notes,  in  #bich  the  principal  mistakes  of  fitct  afe 
iiointed  Ai   The  efiiendations  of  die  British  ofl- 
•ers  statn[tiant9,  where  theyWnot  arise  from  a 
iomparison  of  lib  own  text,  are  in  afl  ihstances 
*  jpmdnt  mm  cA^^  docunientr$;^and  grnt 
iave  been  taken  to  libiain  die  moat 
fpKiniitioil*   The  reader  wiir  see,  thatn^l^^^^ 
^|i^1^  ^em  attempt  UiSn  reddfying  MHl>i|pt 
w  S|^  Bsi^j»||cer'sopin^^  tfee^^neif 

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,_,,_^^|ioiifpnd  tn^,a.iiuX^  exactlj  fumbling 
j^    tf|^i^i^»  whtehi)ras.to  attach 

4(r%)»6mKe^  f^  this  passa^,  that  the  aoAor 

80  fortonate  as  to  meet  whh  an  Amefii 

(|iir^cOO«ntaf  th6  afiairof  Bladensburg,  inijrhich 

>ce  oppued  to  the  British,  was  staM  ^t'tiMe 

if^d  J  a  very  convenient  n|i||tber,  as  p(ovin|; 

^  En^jbhmap  was  an  over-match  for  two 
J^^^^iiBans.    This  statement  of  numbera  ^ifk^, 
acf|iitet0,  and  the  nine  thousand  Americans  hayUi^ 
dt^ieen  |t|6ked,  veteran,  discipli^d,  regular^ 
l^pt,  aoij^i^d  as  an  army  for  a  |q|%  thnef, 
i|(c;i3stomed  to  abt  in  concert,  fresh  and  n^^om 
tef  any  prevbus  fatigue,  and  poasesM  of  |^ 
(^fidence  in  thetus^iyes  andiibtheir  cdfiia«|n4^ 
it^^ot  surprising  that  so  itnueh  was  Iki^  ^i^ 
vi^inEngM.    Unhappily  (or  ^e  |te3r|^ 
Oii  conauerors,  %  most  auj^entic  docui^^ 
^^sent  the  stfittl^  and  natar|iof  fRl^  (»% 
1^  lit  Blaa^buigv  as  very  ^ffi 
1^ wbuldrhe  suppo^ by onetvhpTpiteirtb 

l^tfi^^  id^Biitish  oii%and^ 

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^eciNon,     I.  Hie   official  UiVbk  tjt  Geam 
Winder  to  the  Secretaiy  of  WaiL,  dated  ^nccji 
days  after  the  engagement,  represeigs  Jhe  A 
/B»R  ^brc^  at  about  5000,    **  Amt%i  the 
fit  could  he  opt  at  my  disposal  h  that 
li^and  inakmg  such  (iUspositdons  a^  I^daei 
calculated  ^topesf^  the  mc^t 


at  Wi 


■i  .;f - 


point  tte  eneii|y^i^|it 
I^m emble^lyy  the  most  active  mhfa 

"b^^  the*  troops  to  interposie  befisr^ 
(iietttyllt  fi}aden$bure  about  5000  noen.  WiSeicin 
%  3IP  eegulars  andf^ommodore  Barney's  comman 
Mudi  th^  largef|t  lo^rnkxi  of  this  force  arrived  on 
'•  ^mi^.Mm  ^  enemy  were  in  su^it,  a^ 
v#t  deposed  oLjo  Suiport  m  me  best  manner 
tli  jjofltion  >^y<ail)inenll  Slii^Hiry  had  taken.'^ 


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¥idi^  fi^  its  numbers  alone,  dlf  the  Ameiics^ 

^9^  a^i^la^sbiirir,  it  appekri,  InMQK^e  ^oi^cM 

A».^*  .     ^   -?^/,  «Ia-  ^  *'i^^  '■.^^'\,.y^■^' 
ly  that  only  350  were  jpQ|;ular  jC^scipim< 

jMidr.about  70Q  sajlors  and  marinesf 

t>emg  raw  untutored  lAffitia,  all  <cS\ 

les  w^^  'i  week,  aiiid  itui 

_  k'  wioun  a  few  hours.    Not  a  |i^  of  the 

li|u»  hiullrolra^  heanf  a!f^^ 'gun; 

*^  anhy  w^  hanfssed.aiid  np^piriw[^ 

iih^ai»l  cbiihtermafQll^^ 

if%^  w^e  Vs^y  c6£[ec||d^irom  dt^ 

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APPENDIX. 


389 


^  <<*  Tb«  ri;P»mcn,  likewise,  now  giia«id  us  from  tbe 
^  wooded  tmnf  it^jj^  a  nuiniQg  fire  of  muaketry ;  and 
**  it  Vm  not.  »oii|  trampling  upon  many  of  their 
%i^ead  and  i^  in^  comrades,  that  the  light,  brigade 
^yiStablished   itaeif  on  the    opposite  side  of   the 


»» 


X.  Thie  reader  will  be  pleased  '^ Jteep  this  statement 
P^'vieWf  ttie  better  to  appMlmte  what  is  to  come 
fti^a^r.  It  shews,  that  at  the  first  onset,  tie 
t^ps  of  .the  republic  displayed  a  becoming  spirit 
It  shews,  that  in  the  advance  of  the  British  to  the 
bridge,  when  on  the  bridge,  and  during  the  whole  of 
their  efforts  to  establish  themselves  **  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  stream,"  the  American  guns  to  the  left  of 
the  roady  the  battery  on  the  road,  and  the  riflemen 
placed  on  the  wooded  bank,  performed  their  duty, 
and  maintained  the  honour  of  their  country.  How- 
ever, when  once  on  the  right  bank  of  the  stream,  saya 
the  narrator,  «*  every  thing  else  appeared  easy,*'  and 
accordingly,  as  he  states  it,  the  first  line  of  the  Ansf*., 
ricans  soon  gave  way,  falling  back  in  confusion  on  thu 
aecoiid  line,  and  leaving  in  the  handa  of.  the  British 
two  pieces  of  cannon.  They  (the  British)  then  rush- 
ed on  to  the  attack  of  the  second  line— but  jmnri.' 

**  The  Americans,  however,  stood  firm,fn^J|Aying 
>^the  whole  of  their  artillery,  with  the  exception  of 
**  those  captured  on  the  road,  and,  the  greater  part  o£ 
**  their  infantry  in  this  line,  they  irst  checked  the  ar- 
'<  ((dour  of  the  assailapts  i^  a< heavy  fire,  and  then,  in 
**  their  turn,  advanced  to  recover  the  ground  which 
"was  lost."  --A^ 

Here  we  discover  ffom  the  text  of  the  **  narrator^ 
ibfii  **,every  thing^'j^d  not  tifm  out  to  be  just  quite 
ao  U  ea$y**  as 'had  been  anticipated,  for  we  find  that 
^Uige  Americans,  not  satisfied,  unaccommodating  fel- 
lofi!  with  having  ** stood  frm*^ — nm  sadsfied  with 

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A^FPENDIX. 


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havii%^ .«« oAfc|i|^4be  ardour  fif  the  «a9$ill||itft  hf  » 
htavy  fire/'  (Jley  woDl|}j^it  8een^|||do  a/f<f/e  ffi«f'<^ 
jihey,  bold  spirits  a*  they  were !  ip,  their  turn  ailRif^ 
^Sxuhancfdiio  ttc^vcr  the  groun^  ifhich  was  lost''  jb^ 
l^e  retreat  of  the  jSprst  line.  12h^y  yerjB  «,veg  «o  ij||pt 
reaspnable  as  not  to  ,ftQp  here^^ey^fmst  4(^^^ 
«(t/^  as  IdUows  :     .   ;^  '^^  ^ 

«*  Against  this  chppp»,  the  extended  6r<2Uil  of  ^ 
ritish  troops  would  not  permit  them  tari^^i^iii:  ^ 
<»effef;tttal  resistance,  and,  they  were  accord|tigl|r 
u  borne  bapk  to  ^le  very  thicket  i»po|i  the  riveW 
'**  brink)  where  th<^  maintained  themselves  with  de-> 
(*  teVQined  obstinacyt  repelling  all  attempts  to  drive 
«t  theita  through  it ;  and  frequently  following  to  with- 
ftf  in  a  'short  distance  of  the  cannon's  mouth,  such 
"  parts  of  the  ^inemy's  line  as  gave  way." 

All  this  is  most  important  to  the  vindication  of 

^e  American  character,  from  the  foul  aspersion, 

I  A'i'Hilliwhich,  as  it  will  be  seen  in  the  conelusion,  this 

"  ^^Murra^*'  would  overwhelm  it.    It  is  here  to  be 

^«>ierved,  lHat  he  admits  a  charge  on  the  p(U|  of-  ibe 
Am<^a9t*  £I«  fuily  admits,  that  the  ai^t^  ,pf 
-  J  A«l|iHk(a,  within  the^stjliour  they  ever  8aw^#i|M>t 
firelyi|^aiper,  obliged  the  veteran  troops  of.  J^ng*' 
land^!p#^m  the  Eoropean  continent,  season^  by 
^^yeara  <»  iifiMr,  flushed  with  victory,  and  crowned  wllb 
xoaipicst*  Tfc^y  duirged  not  only  thtvetet^  troops 
of  England,  whiclf  had  been  so  instrumental  in  sub- 
di^i^  France,  b!at:the  vfirfpicil^ndjlower  of  those^ 
troops.  They  not  only  charged  them,  as  we  see:^ by 
the  admissions  o^^e  "  narrat^"  bpt  bore  them  back 
at  ^e  point  of.  the  bayonet,  f0  a  considerable ^idis- 
Uioc9  from  the  second  J|iif ,  ev^ai^^  tQ.  the  i^ery  thii^ 

>«ii|ion  the  river 'sibrinle,''  where,  we  are  to  i^mnpN;, 
f^iHanywy  thicket"  wd  t]|e  nature  (»f  the  ^pu!0« 
gave  thennpm^  advantage,  enabling  diiim  to^ake  a 


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stand  agaiott  Ihcir  Msailants,  and  frequemly  to  fol*    ' 

iPi  it  nitilt  iqaleili4$iMMMHii#b^  folly  iM» 

ihillittad  #  th^  rtadi^i  «^  wiU  readily  pe*ceW^ 
it.^  eonteiv^  tkii^tAlkiodof  tliiie  battle  must  have 
r^e9itrenii|3y  pbstinate,  of  ccAaiderabk!  duration, 
itaiiied  |l^|ether  1^  the  bayonet.    It  is  ne- 
giMK&f  to  keep  this  in  view,  |c>l' Masons  to  be  tfeen  in 
^  ||e.  s^el.    Bivt  it  should  bf  observed  <here-^unl|iii 
^)^^|i^t  had'helen  long  and  obstinate,  the  British 
ccltilf  ikbjr'have  had  opportunities  of  frequtntly  fol- 
vi0lffcik^ 0^ch  porta  of  the  American  line  as  gave  way, 
'-^d  had  not  ««cA  ^ar^«  as  are  said  to  have  frequendy 
||iven  w4y,  at  fr^ently  returned  to  the  chiA'ge,  the 
■1:6nt^  for  xomplere  mastery  could  not  have  last^ 
^  Idngas  it  appears  it  in  fact  did, by  the- following 
'passage:         *^  "  .■  -  \;     ^'     , - 

\    ***In  this  state  the  action  continued  till  the  second 
<*  brigade  had  likewise  crossed,  and  formed' ttpofflitt 
^it^righ#bank  of  the  river ;  when  the  44th  regiitient 
}^  moving  to  the  right,  and  driving  in  the  skirnfisierst 
"^^  d<;^uched  upon  the  left  flank  of  th?  AmeriealiB, 
«( |||[  completely  turned  it.    Iw  tHit  qualrter;  th«ve- 
"  fore,  the  battle  was  wlii&v;  liecause  the  ne^dk^lla* 
'"  '^itoen^  who  were  stationed  there,  as  bitog^^  least 
**aMailable  pomt,  when  once  bftdteii  tAbitiii^not  i>e 
3*^3ranied.    But  oi^  their  rtgHt^the  eneiHy^aM  kq^ 
« theif'ogr^d  with  *mach  relolaimn^  nor  waa  it  IHl 
<*the  arriM  of  the  4th  regiment,  and  the  advance 
**lif  the  British  iiKesIn  firm  arfay  to  the  ^a^, 
*'*that  they  bei^n  to  waver."  ^'^ 

Frotii  this  we  leani^  that  t^  battle  raged  ttpoa 
the^riverV  brink^/  not  only  tiU  thfe  second  British 
brigade  hi^erosaed"  and  formed,  but  till  it  ^«d  «ttc- 
cee<ied  k  driving  inthe^  skiHbiahers  upon  it8't4r|ht, 
after  a  sha^  actibnf  and  Aromr  a  ^liroaamtance 


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APP»|l9Ik. 


to^bt  ttplBd  by  and  bye,  it  was  aiuifaled  to  atit^hHik 
^'tum  the  left  of  th«  AoMi^Mita  line.  Bm.  mmrk 
^«giiii !  M  On  the  right  the  Amerltui^t^  kefit  tl^ir 
ground  vnth  much  resoluHerif*  nor  was  nl^as  we>li^, 
tm  the  great  body  x>f  the  BKfiiah  ftfrc^  advan^d^ii 
iront,  whilethe  44^  api>eared  ip'the  rear,  tkik^ 
right  of  the  Amcri^'lHie  «*  be^^b  «ra'  /ett'^^li^ 
would  liave  been  inoa|'extrao«dinify  ihen>  nideed;i 
k||i  they  not  began  tb  romer  under  silich  tti|^iMi|- 
sttuices.  The  wonder  is,  not  thAt  unseaaeiKM'J|l- 
litia  did  not  do  more^  bitt  that  they  achieved*^80 
much.  They  were  raw,  not  merely  unacquainted 
with  the  arts  and  hardships  of  war,  not  merely  on- 
acquaidted  with^i  linifofm  system  of  discipline,  but 
unused  to  that  steady  and  uninterrupted  practice  ^f 
discipline,  without  which  soldiers  can  but  ill  perfi;^ 
all  that  is  expected  of  them  in  a  field'of  battle.  They 
wete  not  merely  raw,  the  regiments' were  alio  siran- 
gMB  to  elich  other,  they  had  never  had  even  the  ad- 
-  vantage  of  a^field  day  together.  They  were  collect- 
^ed  hastily  from  different  points ;  the  General  had  not 
time  to  examine  the  materiel  with  which  hed^d^  to 
work ;  he  had  not  time  to  ascertain  what  reg^l1ri|^t8 
were  best  suited  to  such  aifd^such  points  of  sejmce ; 
seme  oCtiem  were  sinking  widi  fatigue,  unrefi1tel»d, 
after  loiig  and  rajnd  marches ;  one  regiment  arrrrt^ 
on  th^  ground  as  the  British  entered  Bladensburg^ 
and  had  they  been  up  ten  minutes  sooner,  tl^  regi- 
ment^' which  had  to  eross'the  bridge^ltbgain^e 
Ametican  position,  would  have  been'  out  off.  Th|y 
fought  under  these  and  other  disad«antageil^yet  on 
summing  up  the  wl||le  of  the  account^  it  will  be  seen 
tiiat  they  fought  wW/.   .  r  \ 

hetw  then  proceed  to  flMi  how  this  account  stands. 
It  cannot  be  too  freqtteB%'tmpnBS8ed  Upon  the  minds 
of  men  interested  for  >  the i  honouTi^f  their  eoipit>y. 


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M«  ^  i(BP«%>l  of  ^  ii«tio«i#.«^U  Wlfttiitd  to 

tlw  vfatli^  iHd  the  v^luf^f vii#^Wzeirftttd«tlM  mI^ 
'dier#'  '■  "w'v-   i»k'''»    ■j;'-"'-'  ■'•'*  ''■■•H 

liniB,  thc»*  ilililjas  «fc  account.  - .  The  ^  narrator" 
Hb,  tbit  on  the  advance  of  the*Brili(lh,tthe  Asoie. 
tb  the.l«ft  of  t^'road,  kept  up  a  t0iilliittr(/ 
V^^**  ^ith  sO^  eaecttti&i^^iiiat  the  battery  on  the 
«lNroad  itself  opened  vittit^CTRffii^ta  ^eef;"  that 
.  fpei^fe^ioen^aJKdtf/  them  with  a  running  fire ;  that  it 
illMtno!!  without  trampling  on  many  of  their  dead 
I'lpdiS^Bg,  that  the  British  established  themselves 
on  <  tte  right  bank  of  the  stream ;  Ihat  hi^ng  then 
d^ove  in  the  first  line,  and  taken«two  guoi|  ^th^  se- 
cond American  line,  notwithstanding  the  discomfi- 
tsre  and  confusion  of  the  first,  **  atood Jirm^''  checked 
■i  the  ardour*  of^  their  assailants  by  a  heavy  fire,  ad- 
vanced upon  them,  charged  them,  drove  them  bfck 
to  the  river,  and  there  maintained  the  fight,  bayliiet 
to  hpyonet,  tiU.  a  fresh  brigade,  having  effected  its 
-paM^pe  of  the  bridge,  deployed,  repulsed  the  skir- 
.nilihers  on  its  right,  and  after  a  conflict  of  *•  half :  an 
#  hoiv^' out-flanked  and  turned  the  left  of  the-Amori- 
caiAine,  the  right  oontibuii^  to  keep  ks^ground  with 
intttih  resolution,  and  only  wavering  ^iH^tfi<  on  >the 
point  of  being  placed,  by  the  events  of  tmB^,  be- 
tween two^res. ''^^  .  i:^ 

Such,  aji  far  as  we  have  gone^  is  the  amount  ofiMas ' 
**narratoi%'  admisstons-^hUurtavoidable  admllfionv, 
'for  it  is  pretty  evident,  from  the  studied  arti^ee  and 
sophiiby  of  his^  whole  narrative,  he  would  ,«admit 
nothing  favourable  to  Ameria|^that  he  cmtU  avoid, 
or,  as  the  editor  of  the  Federal  Gazette  haa  judici- 
ously observed,  that  d|^oot  tend  to  enhances  the 
merit  of  the  British  armpin  overcoming  diffieultiis. 
But  is  diene  a  Inan  of  cnadour  or  coimnoiv' aeiise) 


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.     MT^itia,  1114  that  a><9^<i^yidip 
when  tkiU  of  courage  no  lot^r  cquld,  AiflU  ag«i#^ 
fln  Mcmy  to  #fiom  mrtuM/iwk  l|fe  'for«e  of  ciHttiQ- 

SohrW  Mfi^  ice  ftoifr^e  irfiiNe^r  tH^  Glae;i|#^ 
particularly  fHom  the^4«nc«  of 'thitliriUch;^^!)^; 
tdHpod-whit  better  evfd«iice  can  be  ad^iiced'tQ^HMTl 
poHtt)  there  was  at^tfie  time  mujih  un|uii|  IimII  «il 
tremely  incoruiderate  obloquy  poured  upon  i^e  tmitj^' 
engaged  at  BUdensburg.    A*  to  the  ^xct}!^<i^oa' 
duct  of  Go^ihoiere  B'arnet*8  in¥n,  there  haa  Ibeef^^ 
no  difference  of  oflAnion,  aiid-^a*  to  the  militia»  it,9j^ 
pears  from,  Ih  this  tespect,  the  indu^taiie  testiilionjr 
of  the  iBritish  narrative,  that  they  did  a»  mltch^^ 
thieir    fellow-citizenB    could    have    any  reasoni^ 

tad  to  expect — ^They  did  i^e  thai^  men  of  mili-, 
e9t)>^*nce  would  count  upon,  and  if  th(^.di<|' 
"^m^i^o  a//  that  they  themselves  could  have Jiri4i4><^i' 
i;^  to  the  peboUarly  harassing  aiidliiiaadvantl^j^oii 
cir<ibm8tance8  under  which  they  cam^lo  the  "--*^ 
this  misfortune  is  to  be  attributed  to  the  ei 
military  •ytt^ni  of  ^e  country— just  as  raiSi 
entmeoia  olid  deceptive,  as  thi;^,which  has  ieduoi^r 
the  Aoiii^an  army  to  its  present  .weak,  I  had  ftlmort 
said,  r»<^ci«lte«»  situation.  *'  <        %. .  ' 

^fiut  to  be^aten  is  not  in  itself  a  disgr^tl ';  it  is  tlie , 
Ihanrier'^f  defeat  that  can  alone  cast  a  ti^dt  ttp!C#t' 
the  ysi^iished.    Had  the  Americanai||d  from  Bi»*ji 
d^nsburg,  without  a  battle-^^ad  they  :f«dred1Mi  the 
fitBt  demonstrtaion  oi^hti  ienemy— htiid  tfic;^.  shrtmlc'' 
when  iirst  fleshed  by  th^   British  irt— hid  thej^* 
abandohed  their  ,Capitil'^^^|^Mit«  strug^andil^ 
desperate  struggle  top),  tlK^f%ould  they  have  fUaert^* 
ed^  seoni'^  their  ow%)Ntid  die  contempt  of  eveiy 


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^.^•Mr^l^  en«my^intent|«»aUjyjo 
g.na^  jpce^  thiK  batd^  of  Blndeniburg  in  a 
iif 'vi]^,1ni08t  favoural^V  jpif^ii^  '^t>i*BncaM 
«i|ij^d|th»t  day.    I^  d»««gutrcU^^      the 
^f*^r  .  |P?>f^^*4J^Pj«t  wfittrclie  would 
*  **^?  B.™«"-*»H««»?fttd,a  laurtlvwhei^ 
jlld  have  plfnuid  cypress,  and  with,  an  infatuited 
i«^y  «6  'defame^  has  raised' the  chai^cter  of  the 
ericaQ^inilitia,  fresh,  buo)^aiil  and  unsullied,  for 
,      ,v«  Ae'^iflhonp^rabletomb  to  which  hepo^ld,  for 
'^mmseff*  so  diagratefuUy  consi^^i^;^        .  ./      . 
^  Harsh  wprds  do  not,  I  kno\ir,  ctmstitutc  argument, 
<nr, facts,  or  evidence  in  anj'  cause,  but  what  terms  of 
-4l^proac|i  can  be  inapplicable  to  a  writer,  who,  after 
8uil^^*dmis||o||8.aDdi^atements  as  th.c  abovf^w|», 
h9i«retfIr^inyo].unt()^ily,having  raised  a, |e||iiin<$iii^i|||x. 
i!^ri|U|ip  Jbi^yii^rjf,  concludes  thus  :<M^  ;         ';^ 

fMt:^,^hat  with  the  excep^Qi^of  a^pa¥t3r.of 
from  ,the  gun>boat8,  under  the  command,  of 
WHCiiiiiKkodore  Barney,  no  troops  could  B£j|a^£ 

TIIAN,,THBT..«ID.'*  "        .      SK^m^'-^ 

;<4^  rc«der  a^af|l«?4?  I  KO^fess  Ijjp^^a  first 

ingthe  foregoing  sentence.     All  di0  Receding 
'piirt  ol^  Ms  sarrative,  in  it&ftion  to  the  liatde  of  Bk- 
d^burg^^Hitmo-adtcts,  une^uivQctilly.  cdnn-adiiq^  iftis 
|KtP|»ifigl,^^is  ui^lu^h^i^^faj^iisQ^di^r-Ukpi^eqii 
l^fO^    j||e  gi|r|ES  hc%%^»0  facts  that  njust  be^liiJid  in- 
cliisput|ble  wii4b  contiog  fro^m  an  eneqtiy ;  and  then, 
%Mii&indf^  of  tnlih,  and4iis  omp  reputation,  gives  (|« 
•|ir»^pi«g  t^^on  in  tl^ci»  Vei^  teeth  lil^^thos9  iaet8$^ 
^i^h*  ^$H%'fmMWpliM-f^^^.^^  ^^  ^eiM|e 

Jf,  ^  he^a«||;f|»,^t^tt^  ^:  - 

#i6rle  than  they  [the  AnKricans]  did,"  how  was  it     .    1,'   ■■>  -      '^ 

4. 


n 


fpi 


*>. 


'*  > 


■yu 


m 


,f.-~- 


■'^*8-' • 


*^ 


V 


A  i 


•,^ 


4. 


X 


*     A., 


*''il' 


%■>.  ^ 


% 


'*.  f  ■ 


>.^ 


cond  Jt 
chaiUlfflhe 


;^:^'^'* 


r* 


K 


dh»ye 

a^rcsh^niiule  Nou^t  vp  for  the  purpose  i  If  *«i^ 
tfo()|s  could  behave  wort<^,*'  how  was  it  thgit  1^<( 
of  the  Americaoi  frequenu^  repulsed  the 

ttr  of  aenotts?'!]^' 

#Wf(,6|»»^;beji^^ 
ois.t|ressing  eventf 

:ept  their  ground- With  mucL.  ._, 
a/l^m  do^lhdSat^e^ 

atfichwi  in  tt^%' tOBd^mm^  I^H 

''#^«       1|r<Jpui»Wpstoil]»^1i^^<^^%i^ 


:iei|J 


'V. 


,<^ 


-^•' 


'^.'^k 


%■ 


* 

i',& 


*%- 


'm 


4J|^ll|flX. 


AA7 


'l^t  oa  troQpt  coii)d  Mhtvtiione  than  the  Am«- 

licaoa  di4  on  this  diffciill  wdf^  trying  occuion.    It 

it  more  i^tt  abrurdp—ftie  dUhonourable  {  for  it  is 

elmriy  tci^  c<dlccted  from  hie  own  atetement,  that 

4|a  Ai  ericaoe  were  £rm  in  their  sund,  bold  in  their 

<^hargei  obetinat^  in  their  re^stance*  and  conspicuous 

}n  their  valour.    Had  it  fallen  to  my  lot  to  have  had 

.ft  {4|fie  in  th^'' American  rann  on  the  day  of  Bladens- 

#»g||I  should  feel  no  apprehenpion'in  submitting 

/!|Dy  conduct  and  character,  as  a  soldier,  to  be  judged 

by  ^s  ptatementof  the  enemy-— I  should  require  no 

fiflter  support  of  the  one,  or  proof  more  conclusive 

m  favour  of  the  other. 

^  in. 

Fage  124.— « In  that  quarter,  therefore,  the 
battle  .was  won ;  because  the  raw  miHtui  men  who 
Mere  staHoned  there,  as  being  the  least  assailable 
fi^iBt,  when  once  broken,  could  not  be  rallied.'^ 


f^ 


Tp  shew  the  unfairness  and  Inconrectness  of 
j^  writer,  it  is  only  necessary  to  repeat  what  has 
iM^en^tated  in  a  precedmg  note,  that  of  the  whole 
body  of  Americans  at  Bladensburgh,  only  350 
fifbre  regulars,  and  the^|||^ereraw^^  soldiers  recent- 
if  enlisted,  who  had  never  witnessed  an  engage- 
ment The  *l'raw  militia  men  who*were  station- 
ed «D  tfie  kf^''  were,'  in  &ct^  the  Sik  regimeiit  of 
Baltimoit^  composed  of  ^li^Mnteer^,  and  the  best 
diicipliiied  corps  of  mi^tittiqn  the  ground.   Their 

3E     ■  ;     ' 


'.*' 


4 


0 


^ 


^ 


% 


.^ 


"** 


.* 
% 


■# 


*     ■„ 


«r 


^    * 


i^ 


vJ. 


-*». 


•ft: 


>m^-A^' 


t^ 


p 


Ik- 


* 


.,» 


;t 


^ 


w 


mentioned  bth»  laH  notf,  tcra  deildency  yCfpttp 

munition.  st       .i*^ 


•IV. 


'•<■ 


^age  129.^*«  Scal^cly  Ijna  thel»^'||^ 
the  Hag  entered  tbe  street,  tlian  they  wer^fifpi 
upon  from  the  wimlowt  oC  qae  6C  t^  boi)9fli»  .^ 
the  horse  of  the  Qeneral  himsdf,  w||o  f^cpin- 
panied  them,  killed." 


w 
'<•• 


To  the  indignation  excited  by  this  ** 

^.ble  conduct,"  this  "  direct  breach  o^  the  liiif  o^ 

^.^JMitions,"  the  author,  probably  desirous  of  ligM^l 

^g  the  disgrace  of  an  act  for  nv^ich  all  ^^t 

'll|^  cried  shame  upon  them,  atlribi^tes  the 

revenge  of  hb  countr]rmen.    Hie  repfpacl^.«f 

prep^editated  outrage  must  nevertfielefli  jjadq^pi^ 

to  da^en  the  British  character.    Inooolsttilili 

pipoofs  exist,  that  the  design  of  destroying^  pull* 

lie  buildings  was  resolved  upon,  befe^  the  flag 

of  truce  entered  the  ciljjjtoiiil  tlieae.proofs  are  de» 

rived  from  no  less  aumority,  than  that  ofit||e 

officers  by  whom  it  was  execialed.    1.  On  thr 

;i8th  of  Au§;ust  1814,  a  ktler  waaaddressoi  bgr 

Admiral  Cochiane  to j|i|il(«idfiroe,  tfao^  Secretary 

of  State,  announcing ^intpntkifi.  '*  to  destioy,  and 

lay  waste,  such'  towoa  tind  districts  upon  the 


ITx 


:} 


w 


■^  jk 


'^ 


^  * 


♦* 


•  •• 


<$ 


li 


^ 


^ 


♦ 


m 


mm^miulfUmn^timaMt^  Hii worthy 
ufliiMit^  ^m  ttb  Mhd^f  ^pliBbt  which  bwathet 
»  amdi  twdeniBM  tonwirds  **  brctfnn  of*  com- 
mon detomt  nd  langutge/'  wu  not  delivered 
it  WaaNogton  until  seven  days  rfter  the  purpose 
h>4  bMn  «itculid  at  that  place.    The   nuu 
triv^Bm^  bf  wfaioh  ito  appearance  was  held  forth 
16  die  ^ikM^  if  previous  notice  to  the  American 
fjjMXHimBXt  tnd  of  an  alternative  having  been 
ghrienlheilB,  was  wprthy  ofdiose  who  planned  it. 
S.  In  his  official  letter  to  Earl  Badiurst,  General 
tUm  announces  the  destruction  of  the  public 
buidiigs,  as  the  conclusion  of  a  previous  determi- 
aatldn.    «  Judging  it,  (he  says)  of  consequence  < 
t^  o6mplete  the  destrnctioh  of  the«publia  build-, 
ii|p^iih  dirleast  possible  delay/'  8cc.  and  after 
jjippilig'  with   great  apparent  satbfaction  the 
hfin/io^  a{id  sp6il  that  had  been  committed,  diia 
WCililJr^officer  adds,  <*  The  q^eetofthe  expedi* 
it^Hlakring  been  accomplished^  I  determined,  ber 
fbrentfiy  greater  force  of  the  enemy  could  be  as- 
i^bled,  to  wididraw  die  troops;''  and  con- 
i^dics,  *'  Sanguine  in^'ibping  for  the  approba- 
tion 6f  his  royal  highness  the  prince  regent,  and 
dl^  majesty's  ^vemiiient,  as  to  the  conduct  of 
Mi  M^iinder'my  cdmmand,  I  hmt^  &c.  In 
$is  iiope€e  W^  n0t  disaj^inted.    The  thanks 
of'the  t*atliamettt  were(  voted  to  die  army,  and 
a  inonumcnt  was  erectfedlli  Westmmster  Abbey, 


.4 


=4; 


V 


1^ 


,A 


■•<- 


\t 


i 


n 


^ 


'1  *,  1 


€i 


^ilD^ 


-V.11  ■■      bi 


■i^- .  -,,:A,..,4:?i;^^^--^'**  ./.#*^^^'^r' 


f. 


vJ 


.-It         -^ 


4 

1%  ^ 


^¥ 


l^-jk''' 


^-.v 


Jk 


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m 


•#"^ 

:'^* 


"iF" 


«i- 


tb  hononr 4iiM»  artfeiBt)^  «ftc«r  iii4ioie:«r9iiii^ 
exidoitt  coiisisied  In^^  iadbar  <»F  a  body  of  (ir^ 
mersviiiid  mecfttim^  cdlected  toother  i]ndei| 
itit  name  of  an  aimy, ,  with  a  stroiig  ^orps  d| 
veterans,  and  the  ili^m>voked  desiraotiQni  diHe*- 
gislative  halls,  the- burning  "of  publifc  Hbrari^^ 
and  records,  and  the  pitlage  of  printing  t^i^esl 
As  if  this  manifestation  of  the  prince  regeht's'ap^ 
I      probation  were  -  hot  sufficient^  an  augmdntatioii  ^ 

of  armorial  bearings  ha^  beeii  granted  t6  his  fa^t- 

*        ly,  and  his  descendants  have  been  "  gracbuslyi 

permitted^"  to  style  themselves,  for  the  Cul^ 

^  "Ross  of  Bladensburg.**    Admiral  Cdc*biM| 

the  liaval  leader  on  this  memorable  occasion,  has ' 
%«jsince  been  characteristically  promoted  to  the 

*  ^"  chief  l^ommand  at  the  priison  of  St  Heleifti.  3.^K 
olhin'  proof  were  wanting  of  the  Monrectn^  of 
die  intimation  in  the  text,  jthat  the  burning  bit  the 
public  buildmgs  was  occasioned  by  die  ilingi^: 
f  upon  the  flag  of  truce,  it  is  furnished  by  die  fi:^ 
lowing  extract  from  a  letter  written  by  Mr.  J/M 

^  ^  Skinner,  post-master  at  Baltimore,  to  the  [edito^ 
of  the  National  IntelligHbier. 


■a  *„- 


« It  is  known  to  you  that  I  was  the  agent  appohited 
by  the  Comnq^ry  Genewli  for  the  exchange  of  pri- 
soners and  (he  medium  of  intercourse  l^etWeen  the 
government  and  the  enefny  in  the  waters  of  the 
Chesapeake,  during  the  war.  The  duties  of  tMs 
service  'arough^rae  vcryirpfy^flB^la  company  with 


Mi 


■*ifc 


4 


m-  i. 


.i  -a- 


*#' 


^ 


l.^' 


% 


JL*t 


M' 


lUoD  of^  the  Capitol  and  'the  J^esi^entV  Houm, 
bMee^^gllaB  ecMemttiidhylht  ft tli%s such 
Hi  the  oveatido  justified ;  whereupon  be^  who  was 
4c<iid|Bd^  tlwfiMMt, active  •«  officer  in  the  expedi- 
^,'*  expressly  suted^  that  at  the  time  th^  gun  was 
filed  if^iif  the  house  which  klttied  C^nen^  Ross's 
hotstf,  t^  idd  th«' General  had  atraiMf  HnHid  to  con- 
fer al»oiit  the  burning  of  the  Cilpitbli— that  the  measure  - 
htA^^lreffdtf  been  propoaedj  and  was  then  the  subject 
of  deliberation,     lie  said  not  one  word  about  any  '      ^ 

^Jlaff  of  truce"  nor  did  he  attempt  to  justify  thi  act; 
-Hpif't^e  contrary,  he  said  he  had,  upon  fiiHher  re* 
flettidUr  txperieoced  much  regret  that  it  should  have 
been  i^one,  and  declared  t^at,  if  it  were  reyoeabljr,  it 
would  not  be  repeated  under  similar  circumstances."^^  ^ 

'    '■  ■■■'■  .  ■  •  •"■'■■  ««%'  '■ 

.  ,Pa§^  131.—**  All  this  was  as  it  should  be.*'  s'^ 

Irtie  writer  of  the  letter,  to  the  editor  of  thi , 
Baltimore  Federal  Gazette,  from  which  detracts 
have  been  made  in  a  preceding  note,  furnishes 
the  following  addition^   Instance   of  outn^e,  #  ^ 
which  might,  one  woulK  suppose,  have  shocked 
even  the  optimism  of  the  British  '^Officer.'' 


'W 


%^ 


•Ai 


>^  There  are  atrocides  which  strilce  so  forcibly  <^ 
sensitive:  and  honourable  minds,  as  to  be'  considerend 
incapable  of  a  parami,  till  something  more  atroci^u^ 
still  succeeds  ;  jind  theni  we  wonder  at  our  not  haviilig 
taken  ft  more -extansiyovia^;  of  the  dark  side  of  ihe 


MtV 


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^ 


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't 


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# 


M. 


»*;%*. '•AjU'?:'-  "'■*!»•■ 


jMI^JKa.' ^, 


•W.-.^v...J'*-S',^-> 


.,vl- 


# 


*lri 


4  ■!► 


f»W 


■fW-. 


# 


Ife^ 


^ 


1^^ 


^uHrikoisc 


hiiliaik  eh«Mctw.   IP^e  iws  thoeked  and 
on  r^iutiog^of  tbe  bumingsat  Washington,  anid  con- 
ceive that  aci^xelhr  ooiore  could  be  exeisuted  tn  the 
nilg<Nif  iaVAge  #vaataUdh ;  tit  if  thii  dijittehidaM 
of  th*'C|pi|ol,  thi  'PrMideal'e  HoUBe^  the  Library, 
the  Pl^iinglMlicee,  and  the  ArchlireB,  excite  so  much 
indig;nation  and  disgust,  what  will  posterity  saj  of 
the  following  Vandalbm  ? 
,      •«  la  the  tnvy  yardiit  Washiiigteiti,  a  ii(diiumenl  qt 
the  purest  mitfbie,  of  classic  design,  and  exquisite 
workasanship,  had  been  erected  by  their  survivirtg 
comrades  to  the  memory  Of  §omt  officers  who  fell  in 
the  naval  attack  of  the  Americsms  on  Tripoli.    Tfiis 
monument,  so  creditable  to  the  arts ;  so  beautiful  W 
its  structure ;  so  interesting  in  its  nature ;  so  delar  to. 
friendship }  dedicated  by  ^outhful  heroes  who  lull 
vlyedy  to  youthful  heroes  who  perished ;  this  ibond^ 
menty  wliich  should  at  oc^e  have  found  its  way  to 
^he  sympathies  of  a  braVe  man,  and  which  a  true  s61- 
die#ibottid  scarcely  contemplate  without  a  tear ;  this 
monument,  so  solemn,  so  consecrated,  so  sacredj*^ 
:  which  seemed  to  have  ii^.  very  foundations  'in  ^1^6 
fittest  affections  of  the  heart;  this  4nohumettt  wai^ 
.M^hktd  by  the  British,  and  no#  you  mijy  i«id  On 
>ite  Southern  side, 

tt  Mutilated  by  Britons, 

On  the  25th  of  August^  "» 

*  1814!"  ' 

^(' Cab  the  whole  scope  of  that  language  which  is 
common.tjp  both  nations ;  can  that  language,  so  ricjN,  , 
so  flowing,  and  so  energetic,  fumilJ)  terms  suffi- 
cipitly  stronjK  to  de^ct  in  appropcinte  colc>urs,  the 
barbarism  ot  ibis  act  t  Jurists  may  write,  define,  and 
promulgate  national  law  ;  but  i^ty  will  never  say, 
thiit  the  burni&g  of  the  civil  buildingi  or  even  of  the  ^ 
library  in  the  Capital  of  the  United  States,  equalled 


I 


#  ■  * 


'# 


*- 


>"■<<-.»• '  ,^ 


'*  ,-^,,H»*<*^,. 


..      #■ 

'...* 


#. 


•r 


■•-  > 


4ni 

in  iti^ity  wii^  liqfftl«ssnet|^^  the  mutilfitioii  of  U^if 

«<;Had  it  b«en  ^  pi^  comtn^mbra^ve  of  somp  of  tlhe 
ij^jK  American  victarks  ^v^r  the  £ng^i;ih  themr 
a^vee,  such  Dtet  aiigh^  be  (^ercd  by  fd^y  or  wound- 
^;  pride,  to  palliatipn ;  hut,  .when  it  wae  in  record  of 
ft  deed; which  Briton*  would  have  been  proud  to 
emulate,  and  which  they  did  eubsequently  emulate 
■fe  Algiers,  the  shadow  of  an  excuse  did  not  present 
itself.     Are  we  then  to  assume,  that  it  sprang  from 
nncour,  the  base  ingredient  of  little  minds,  or  from 
a  spirit  of  vengeance,  inspired  by  humiliations  pre- 
viousiy  inflicted  by  the  arms  of  America  i    Had  an 
qqpedition  from  the  United  States  made  an  incursion 
into  England,  [and  it.could  have  been  easily  effected] 
t^d'meeting  with  a  monument  erected  to  some  of  her 
nwval  heroes,  attacked  and  mutilated^that  monument, 
what  wpuld  have  been   the  exclamations  and  the 
curses  of  Englishmen  i    What  would  have  been  the>.^ 
language  of  their  press  i    Would  not  the  Amertcaiis'^  ** 
have  been  painted. as  more  barbarous  than  the  .sa*> 
▼age^;  who,  imtaught  and  ungovemed,  range   idif 
western  wildernesses  of  this  Continent  ?     Is  there  an 
epithet  of  opprobrium  that  would  not  have  been  cast, 
upon  them  with  a  lavish  hand  i    Let  then  the  author 
of  the  narrative  under  consideration,  reflect  on  the  '' 
fact  I  have  stated,  and  sink  to  the  earth  in  shame>^ 
let  his  countrymen  reflect  upon  the  foul  deeds  at- 
tached to  the  history  of  their  campaigns  in  thif 
country,  and  they  will  see  the  wisdom  of  avoiding 
whatever  may  lead  to  a  comparison  of  their  arms 
with  those  of  America.  The  **  narrative  of  an  officer 
who  served  in  the  expedition"  may  gratify  the  loflal;- 
ed  arrogance,  and  tickle  the  insatiate  vanity  of  Hit 
British  nation—- it  may  administer  to  England's  well 
known  hatred  of  America,  and  put  mopey  into  the 


«!#■ 


.*•- 


i 


fti' 


»^ 


*^i 


W, 


U 


k 


m 


/a. 


V 


•#^«ytl' 


i"  4' 


,  *t ' 


^m^^^^mh 


!?• 


V'-H 


'4 


^ 


,1^ 


liV. 


■s^ 


}t  seems  better  calciiUited  |P  bring  o(li^m  on  %^, 
tb«n  to  shed  a  kittre  upqa  either.  No  work  cdtold 
bctmore  Jndit^lHit— >it  has  roused  to  life  and  actiop 
feelings  in  iV<>»«H<:P>  Moi^  (haf  time  had  liiUed.tp 
repose,  and  at  Ihis  U  bttik,^  fieeblc  ejqxMUK  of  Jt^  de- 
fonnity»  its  egotism  and  its  fidsehood  will  doubtie|s 
be  touched  by  mtaay  an  abler  hand'—^it  will  have  ^e 
withering  merit  of  blasting  the, cause |it  would «»•- 
tain;  for  it  will  drag  into  noon-day  light  before  otl^er 
nations,  those  infamies  which  England  should  wish 
to  see  entombed  forever  in  the  grave  of  Ross. 

**  But  the  writer  of  the  narrative  not  only  aa»erU 
what  he  himself  had  by  his  admissions  previously 
shewn  to  be  untrue*  but  he  omits  what  would  prove 
the  British  loss  in  the  campaigns  against  Washing* 
ton  to  have  be^n  even  more  considerable  than  hb 
detul  wcnild  induce  one  to  suppose  t 

**He  omits  altogether  the  loss  of  at  least  one  hua. 
4ir«d  men«  occasioned  by  thexareless  thjrowing  of  a 
mltch  into  a  dry  well„  it|  the  arsena}  yard*  in  which 
f  large  quantity  of  gunpowder  had  b^en  deposited. 
The  havoc  was  terrible.    Among  the  sufferers  was 
^Captain  Blanchard  of  the  royal  engineers*    He 
jiras  dug  out  of  the  river  a  few  days  after,  in  i^ 
iform,  his  sword  by  his  side,  just  as  he  was  blo#n 
off  aud  covered  by  the  explosion.     In  a  small  silver 
case,  attached  by  a  belt  to  his  person,  lA^ere  found  hit 
papers  by  which  he  was  known.   ^The  case  also.cost"- 
tinned  the  orders  of  the  day,  and  a  sketch  of  the , 
eiWQiitry  through  which  the  army  hid  passed.    He ' 
was  buried-— and  the  nal^  of  his  death  was  re- 
gretted by  tlios^  wthose  s<>d4e  had  invadedxh-wfaen 
once  the  batUe  b  o?cr,  no  soMitr  can  ever  wish  to 
see  a  soldif>r,,thOtt|^'aa  eofmy*  perish*— 
^  The  ••^jvurator"  dko  omiti  4he  <k9ertigtUf  w\A^^ 


,i«' 


\ 


^ 


f^>. 


H 


.  %'^ 


't- 


^ 


%^'%iMtetts*  iBftd  U  liwea  ppinible  for  Geii«m 

Ilojiis  to  bave  r«^une4  for  ft  week  in  Washington, 

ibvia'  lilioutd  not  a  battle*  have  Itatervened,  he  would 

HUi^l^Mlam^  mthi^umti  dr^^/il-Aii  it  was, 

%^ii^  |irv#f^  ijhty,  nfot  lests  than  eleven  hundred 

miH,^  aM  fedme  of  his  best  officers.    Upbn  thte  whole, 

<ltWt6.tfe  qollected  from  the  long  digested  detail  of 

]tnieir  enemy,  that  the  Americans  had  more  to  be 

"fi^iA^^tliin  to  tegret  aTt  the  biittle  of  Bladensburg; 

Hid;  had  iif  QOibeeA'  for  the  dosiitg  calumny  of  this 

'^tknixtki"  he  should  not  have  provoked  the  mode- 

ntion  of 

*     A  STRANGEIf." 


VI. 


F&ge  162.-- Sir  Peter  Parker's  afl^lr. 


»;« 


'  few  of  ifte  eiveiits  of  ihe  war  have  been  moie 
iniarefffesented  in  England  than  this.  Our  autHbr 
t^s  u^,  ^iat  an  encampment  of  "  three  hundred 
iMKfn  and  six  pieces  of  ca(nnon/^  had  been  formed 
l:|^  ^e  Americans ;  that  Sir  Petor  Parker  laoided^, 
with  SCX)  seamen  an4  marines,  and  found  t^e 
enemy  in  full  retreat;  that  then  **a  little  skirmish- 
d%  eHiia^,'*  hi  which  Sir  Peter  was  kUled*  and 
tti|t  di^  Bfitish,  finding  di6  eneniy  retmng  st9 
&ftfaer  into  the  countty,  returned  to  their  vessel. 
Tbe  official  lettei'  of  tlie  **  acting  commander"  to 
Adin^  Cochrane,  goes  a  step  further  in  estima- 
tmg  the  number  of  Amiricabs  at  **Jivd  hun^d. 


*^irMi^^'-i' 


>,v 


;| 

m 

'  il 

P 

t 


.•■*s^s 


i    * 


^t 


/ 


/ 


X 


I J^' 


*      •»  ■ 


#itfl«<tR)0(rof  hone  sndfivtf  {HJeces  oftftiiBrsjn^ 
The  number  of  the  British  is  stated  at  134»  ||ill 
1ih«'  modest  *f  aGtingi^Goinmander,"  related  v^ 
the  Amerioan^  were  twice  foroedir(»iii  their  pes^ 
tion';  and,  in  the  end,coiiif)letely  routed,  and  Ihdr 
cam])  gained.  To  crown  the  wholes  a  monunient 
has  been  erected  in  Westminster  Abbe^.  to  peCr 
petuate  the  memory  of  Sir  Peter  and  the  f5am<^^ 
this  ex]4oit,  upon  which  the  #mdering  dtiHttiB 
may  read,  ... 


«  Here  lies  interred  the  Mortal  Remains  of 
Sib  peter  PARKER,  Baronet,  aged  S8  yeart, 
Captain  ofbis  Majesty's  Ship  Menelaas;    . 
*  A9  aoeomplished  Offleer  and  Seaman, 
Who,  alter  iaiiding  Hrkh  part  oif^hb  erew  on  the  boaist  of  AUakk, 
Defeated  an  Enemy,  mpporudby  Cotdby  and  Anillerjf,      i. 

XIOt«K  Tims  TBI  l^7l[B»Q|.||ISO^f9.■|q^^S^^,w.  :i^.,-. 

And  in  the  momeal  oT  Victory  reeeived  a  pnorul  woai^, 
"Under  which  he  eontlniiNl  to  eheer  l^nnii^tv^^k^f^'^i^^ 

Un|il  sioluog  under  ito  fatal  res|ilt, 
He  fell  into  the  arnu  of  the*C«>n^afiJoii«  of  hit  Clori/.' 
£fc.       tie. 


■*?■■ 


•  ,*"■  V '' ' 


mn 


Such  is  the  British  idea  oif  the  rencounter.  It  is 
amusing  to  contrast  it  with  the  actual  occurrence. 
^Xhe^Americans,  who  were  a]l  militia,  few  of  w^m^ 
^*  had  ever  heard  the  whistling  dT  a  ball,"  w^ 
commanded  by  CQjonel  Philip  Reed,  an  officer  of 
the  revolutionspr  war ^  who  transmitted  an  exapt 
statement  of  m#chgagprnent  to>General  Chan^- 
bers,  of  the  Maiylatid  mifitia.    The  whole  tium- 


y. 


!.« 


"^Mli* 


* 


r 

1* 


-* 


«* 


W 


■'  ''■■'  >>^ '■■■■•         " .      ^.  .^ 

bar«Q0*Amfeffieans  present  of  ^att>  descriptWM  ivm 
170.  Tbe  author  of  tte^Ksmtke/  admits  ^ 
1jili^ji»b  fi)roe  was  260  s«»nciiaad  marioiBt. 
^phe  *^  little  skinnishing"  of  which  hespeftks»  was 

';4  well  fought  contest  for  the  possession  of  the 
Alneiican  camp,  in  which  the  British  were, finally 
lieflpated,  and  forced  to  ietreat  with  the.  loss  of 
Ibeir  commander  $  and,  as  then^elves  admitted, 
M  killed,  and  27  wounded.  So  precipitate  was 
Ifaeir  retreat  from  this  scene  of  "triumph,"  that 
many  of  the  wounded  "compani(Mis  of  their 
glqiy"  were  left  on  the  field.  Of  the  Americans 
not  one  was  killed,  and  only  three  were  wounded. 
It  should  not  be  omitted,  however,  that  the  en- 
gagement was  fought  at  night,  and  the  British 
whovprobi^y  "*♦  fencietd  every  bush  an"  enemy ^j?^ 

'pi^have  ceckoned  the.  host  opposed  to  them^ 
mdie^  by  the  execution  that  was  done,  than  b^'*^ 
oeakff  testimcmy^    Thus  fallacious  are  monu^ 
ments  and  die  official  letters,  of  British  comii^ 
inttnden. 


■f 


VII. 


P^ge  179.— "Judging  from  appearances,  I 
should  ^y  that  the  corps  now  opposed  to  u< 
ampunted  to  M^ot  seven  thousand  ineh."     '"    - 


-M':'^.         '.i^  ■ 


The  author  is  here,  a^  usual,  in  the  wrong  as 
to  the  force  of  the  American  army.    He  is  **  ill 


• 


#■ 


■^ 


f» 


mf  *'i 


* 


f  -Sli^ 


a 


li"-"- 


s# 


— .^^^^^  *'**- 


"VtlJ^iSBI*!     / 


»^ 


■■•  . 


IT 


1*^4^ 


# 


...  \  .^ 


«^' 


iHfitrndbtn/'  and  seems  to  tfiink^  with  AmMdo^ 
diat "  reckoning  fitteth  tfie  spirits  of  a  tapster.** 
The  oorpB  opposed  to  the  British  at  North  Pofht, 
consisted,  according  to  unquestionable  authoritjfv 
of  the  5th  regiment  400  men,  the  27th  500  men^ 
the  39th  450  men,  the  51st  700  men,  150  rifle- 
men, 140  cavalry,  75  artillerymen  wi^  six  ibur 
pounders,  making  an  aggregate  on  the  ground  of 
12415  men  of  various  descriptions,  all  of  them 
however ,  militia  or  volunteers.  The  6th  re/iment 
consisting  of  620  men,  and  150  of  the  5th,  were 
posted  as  a  reserve,  about  a  mile  in  the  rear. 
The  nuiS)er  of  the  British  is  not  stated  by  &e 
author  of  the  "Narrative''  in  this  place.  He 
admits,  however,  at  page  164,  that  diey  were  able 
to  bring  into  the  field  "  five  thousand  fighting 
men,"  notwithstanding  the  losa  lik^  Bladensburg. 
We  may  reasonably  conclude  that  the  whole  nttnl- 
ber  of  fighting- men  was  landed  at  North  Pbtot, 
d  that  it  escceeded  c(Hisiderably  the  computa- 
tion of  our  aiithor.  Geiib^  Smith,  who  com- 
manded in  chief  at  Baltimore,  estimated  their 
strength  at  firom  6  to  7000  men,  and  takings  iU 
estimates  into  consideration  it  may  fairly  be  6tiit&- 
puted  at  about  six  thoDsahdy  movt'^an  twice  die 
number  of  the  .^peificansptedent.  '    ^ 


* 


# 


■# 


f 


» 

'   If  - 

.  '"'*' 

P 

4 

$r 

f-- 

0 

]".« 

'         . 

'^Iff* 


Hftair*- ■-•*•' 


'm' 


^  "•  r 


■'  t    » 


t 


^w 


4:^^' 


A't'ltolfAMIt 


vai. 


*'lK|;e  185.— «•  In  spite  of  ihe  ahorf  duntioti'Sr 
the  Action,  which  lasted  little  more  than  "two  hours, 
(h^  enemy's  loss  was  severe." 


'^The  ofllcial  return  of  the  killed  and  wounded, 
signed  by  Leonard  Frailey,  Brigade  Major,  shew- 
ed the  total  loss  of  the  Americans  to  have  been 
24  killed  and  139  wounded.    The  loss  of  the  * 
l^ritish,  according  to  their  official  return,  was  46    ^ 
killed  and  295  wounded. 


* 


-# 


IX. 


Page  192,-r<*Darkness  had  now  come  on,  and  as 
yet  no  intelligence  had  arrived  from  the  ship- 
ping 


-Tf*- 


» 


^,  It  is  remarkable  that  no  notice  liitaken  jn  these 
letters  of  the  repulse  of  the  British  fleet  from  Fort 
|kil*Henry,  an  action  which  covered  the  garrison 
w|di  glory^  and  contributed  essentially  to  the  final 
retreat  of  the^cxpeditioii.  tVhile  room  was  found 
for  the  detail  of  every  petty  skirmish,  in  which 
the  British  arms  could  be  nif^  to  appear  sue- 
cessful;  the  author  has  omitted  all  mention  of  an 
engagement,  in  the  issiie  of  which  the  land  forces 


t 


€ 


^ 


*^    ,, 


** 


i 

u 


» 


^X* 


I*-  ., 

1  «.' 


■  >' 


*$*•,' 


.'/ 


f   / 


p. 


*F. 


*?■ 


4tfmilMXf 


,« 


wiere  iini|iediatel]r  interested,  which  wumuntaki- 
ed  with  great  obstiincf^  more  than  t^wenty-fiiur 
^1^^  in  w^h)^. surprising  degree  qj^.codq^t 
skill,  and  courage  was  displayed  by  the  garrison) 
and  from  which  the  assailants  were  compelled  to 
retire  with  immense  loss. 


31 


«' 


n- 


'i 


I" 


• 


-,'??^^ 


^ 


#''* 


X. 


»       ■ 

Page  254. — "  The  whole  course  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, from  its  spring  to  its  niouth,  may  be  com- 
puted al;  little  short  of  ijOOO  miles." 

The  author  seems  to  have  a  strange  propen- 
si|^  to  exaggerate  whatever  he  meets  with  m 
Anima.  ^^  The  length  of  tfiie  Mittlssippi  was 
nftver  supposed  ^  exi?eed  con^dbrably  ,Mrer 
thousand  miles;  and  Mr.  Schoolcraft,  in  his , naff 

ttive,  lately  Dublishedi  ha&  dettr^iiined  the  diar 
nee  from  itlp)urce  to  its  moutfi  with  accuracy^ 
""^ilentire  lengdi,'' says  he,  *<  of  this  wonder^ 
river  from  Cassina  lake  (from  which  it  t«ke»>i^ 
course,)  to  the  gu^h  of  Mexico,  is  3038  ntilaii^ 
more  than  half  the  diitanpe  from  die  arcti&cii<^ 
to  the  equator."  Niprfhre  ottfae£xpeditioa  under 
Governor  Cass,  pip  254. 


# 


*f 


•>' 


'mm9»- 


>r:-7><;; 


■1»- 


I  <■  Y 


d,- 


-•-v?-    '■ 


>'       * 


.•M.\ 


V, 


-  .» 


V  4f 


.V 


i^^iiiiix. 


*<HOilj>fcA^^^''»»^# 


jT 


■«■■  ■T**' 


Xli 


#1^  961-^<^  It  was  fhdrefbre  detemuned  at 
all.hakards  to  take  them."  ' .    ^ 

|iThe  defence  made  by  Lieutenant  Jones,  coiU' 
inanding  the  American  gun  boats,  was  one  of  the 
most  brilliant  exploits  of  tlie  war,  and  must  have 
convinced  the  enemy  that  they  were  not  likely  to 
obtain  possession  of  New  Orleans,  without  a  des* 
perate  struggle.    The  American  force  consisted, 
according  to  the  official  returns,  which  agrees 
with  the  estimate  in  the  text,  of  five  |bn  boats, 
carrying  altogether  23  guns,  and  manned  by  only 
182  men.     The  enemy's  launches  and  barges, 
were,  according  to  Lieutei^ant  Jones,  in  number^-^ 
45*  but  accor#ig  tb  the  author  of  the  "  Narrative,*' 
50,  the  number  of  their  cannon  was  42,  and  the 
flotilla  was  manned  with  1200  men.    Notwidi- 
standing  this  disparity  of  force  and  numbers,  the' 
action  was  maintained  for  more  tnan  two  hpurs, 
and  the  enemy  only  succeeded  by  dint  of  num- 
bers, and  with  the  loss,  according  to  the  compu- 
tation of  Lieutenant  Jones,  ot  about  three  hun- 
dr6d  men.    The  Briti^^  ^commander,  however, 
only  admitted  n  )o9^  of  94' ^en. 


• 


« 


,*#' 


-rA.i% 


. ,  •■■-* 


ff  * 


■« 


# 

*!■ 

■4' 

■i 

1 

* 

■  •y.-t 


*' 


f 


^ 


•*^. -«,>.'*»--. 


4   # 


4 


f. 


'I 


I 


•  I 


'A   ¥    i 


f 


f :  f 


■!■ 


^, 


X. 


AfPiirou. 


■n^ 


XII. 


Page  289.— Night  attack  of  the  aad  of  De- 
cember. 

In  hit "  Historical  memoir  of  the  war  in  Loui- 
siana/' 8cc.  Major  Latour,  whose  official  situatioa 
gave  him  the  means  of  obtaining  the  itiost  accu- 
rate information,  hasdetailed  the  principal  e?ents  cS. 
this  campaign,  with  great  minuteness.  We  are  thus 
f<MrtunateIy  in  possession  of  facts,  by  the  standard 
of  which,  the  assertions  of  the  British  <*  officer," 
mayi)e  t^ted.  Of  the  forces  engaged  in  the 
batde  of  the  23d,  Major  Latour  gives  the  fol- 
lowing statement,  which  the  reader  will  find  to 
differ  materially  from  that  of  the  text.  From 
the  expressions  cH  the  author  (^tfaie,"  Narrative," 
one  would  be  led  to  suppose,  thaT  only  the  ad- 
vance of  the  British,  consisting  according  to  him 
.of  1600  men,  was  on  the  ground.  It  appears, 
however,  from  Letter  XXI,  that "  part  of  the  se- 
cond brigade,"  arrived  in  time  "  to  share  in  the 
danger  and  glory  of  the  night."  The  number 
who  thus  participated  in  "  the  danger  and  gloiy,^'^ 
is  not  given,  but  Major  Latour  fortunately  enii" 
bles  us  to  supply' the  dc^cieiicy. 

**  Though  the  precise  amount  of  the  enemy's  forces 
in  this  action  cannot  be  exactly  ascertained,  it  is  well 
kt)own  that  ht^  of  gend'al  Keane's  division  was  en- 


• 


'V 


■^" 


^.^A 


<7» 


;■»- 


■•■^-fessgr 


"-# 


i^V 


.%*-^ 


4- 


r. 


^^4- 

\ 


•1 


¥^li 


\% 


9%g  of  tfMi  attack  I  aad  .(IgJt.^itPUiiBiBt  katf  of 
tlM*4iv|lioa,  wh^ch  hM  liilMbiW  at  tba  encaiap- 

wlwdi  had  nw  agrouad  hi  tha  hike,  had  fai  a« 
b^prd  of  the  barge*  that  returned,  aftar  havmg^  hmd- 
e^|M  fUrtt  half,  and  trere  ditemharhivg  yhen  the 
eiimva  b«gsn  Ip  fiie )  that  the  greatec  pari  of  theee 
troopa  sfi  Quti|ikinediatcly  firom  the  landing  place, 
two  milep  and  a  half  from  the  MiisiMippi,  and  ran 
^  towttt^  "the  field  of  battle,  where  their  first  pUtooat ' 
hM  'already  arrived,  before  Coflee't  division  began 
tQ,  fire,  and  where  they  all  tucceisively  arrived  long* 
befoKejh^  action  was  over,  as  it  lasted  till  10  o'clock 
at  night. 

**  That  divkion,  composed  of  the  regiments  we  ' 
have  ahriady- mentioned,  coold*  not  ilmtitont  to  less 
than  {^  'thousand  five  hundred  men,  as  we  know  ; 
the  scriength.  of  each  regiment. 

*«X^e  first  dise&ibarkation  consistedi  of  the  light 
brigade  conimai^d  by  colonel  Thojfnton,  composed- 
of  part  of  the^ Jm  rei^oaent^  of  650meav 

95th    do.    (riffe  corps)  500 

A  detachment  of  saf^ers^and  minen   "      100 
A  detnehment  of  the  rocket  brigade, 

commanded  by  captain  Lane  80 

4tih  regiment  750 


*' 


Total 
Til  ltd  disembarkation  consisted  of 
<ps  ftlst  regiment  (royal  North 
l^taiii)  Fusileers 
44th      "  do.  ..  ^^'Im  \-  ■  ■■ 

9a#  .     do.     *i    ^^'  %  "r  '^^^'^'^ 
A  n***-    er  of  artinerists  ftmcimtii^ 
w     ing  to  the  IMwIbi^lflfdbn,  to  ^ 

^  In  sdl 
3  G 


2080  men. 


900 

750 

1100 

4980iiiciu^ 


^>#^ 


V'i 


♦ 


.# 


^ 


'■ie 


i*~ 


♦ 


'%^* 


aK.K. 


•^v¥ 


#*#• 


•  < 


\/,v^'    «^     ■* 


V 


ft  i 


•>•' 


X  -.-^ 


:l 


'.-ii-f 


■# 


0 


t",^ 


ASMimic. 


rfWif^     »T 


^'^^  O*  4ii«^tiififo«ti6i^  lfciit«ach4Begifiic«t  ^M  pm> 
tjr  on  board  tl«B  v<^fBlt,  to^ak^vcare^af  thit  hagggigtf 
Ais  Bometiinm  Uks  «ue,  th#re  w^ld  stills  rt^iam 
fbarthdo^uitt  Ave  httoiired  dTeolhrc  sum  landeil  e« 
tHe  tSd  belbr«'9N»*clockfln  Ihe  ^ycAing}  and  indeed 
several  ttseounciiironi  famak%  Proi^denoe,  and  B^f* 
ttdda^  nakt  the  flimilNer  amount  to  five  thoasanii^/ 
'^^**^  Let  us  ii6\v  see  with  what  namlbep,  and  what  lind 
of  troofw,  llie  cewmander4a-chief»  ipenoral  fac^oo^ 
attaclxd;  this  «neiny,  so  powerful,  so  .inured  jto  Wajr* 
fare,  preceded  by  a  great  reputation,  and  enjoyiog 
every  possible  advantage. 

' '  **  The  right,- commanded  by  generid  Jaekson  in  p^ •< 
son,  was  composed  of  a  detachineatof  maiuiMa,  uMer 
the  Command  of  lieut.  Belleyue 
A  detachment  of  aitiUeiy  with  two  six- 
poundeff'St  t&der  th»  tpttmediate  com- 
mand of  pol.  AI^Kea  au^d  lieut.  Spotts 
7t1h  regiment,  major  Peire 
44tb,  commanded  by  captain  Baker 

**  Major  Piatic^i  Batt^kl^n^ 
Carabtniers,  capttain  Roche 
Dismounted  dragoons,  major  St.  Geme 
Louisiana  blues,  captain  White 
Francs,  captain  tiudry 
Chasseurs,  capteia'CilibeFt 

The  battalion  of  S^^  Dotningo  men  of 
^  Qofour,  majoA- Daquin 
Chactaws,  captato  Pierre  Jpugeimt 

The  left,  commanded  by  general  Coffee, 
was  composed  as  follows : 


66  m^ 
strong 

32 

465 
331 
- — 884 


7% 

31 

3a 

59 

.. — fBdfr 

210 


Mississippi  dragoons,  iiia|(^<|^inds 


■    *4V 

m 

563 

62      : 

lor 

-732 

^ 


In  all     2131 


r 


»  >t 


% 


r  ff 


•t 


v.'f- 


•#  • 


■S     "f 


f 


km 
led 


fog 

»- 

I 

rag' 


%i  * 


#1, 


'^  '  ■  -JiT    ■  ■ 

■        ^     ^^  .       '  ;      # 

iMnrawiMK*  4t;yi 

Mittissippii'  (kagooiMr  were  im»|  i|»  the  action,  but 
wertif  aft  the  time  it  lastectf  io  (the  back  ground  qjf 
LaJ^eV  {rfaftotidtt.  Tvm  Companies  off  Coffee's  bri- 
ga<llr  had^-been  left  on  the  border  of  LarondVt^pU^ 

tation.  to  hold  the  horses- whose  ridenr  had  all  disr 

-<    ■•  «  .1^ 

'■  iQp^nted ;  which  reduces  the  number  of  fighting  men 
^  about  one  thousand  eight  hundred  effective  men. 
Plauche*s  bbttalion  being  composed  of  companies 
wearing  eaeh  »  distinct  uniform^  the  enemy  itopk 
those  several  companies  for  so  many  battalions,  and 
represented  them  as  such.  I  have  thought  proper 
to  i'ectify  this  misrepresentation,  by  stating  the  num- 
Yber  of  eiich  particular  company." 


The  loss  of  the  American  troops  was  in  killed 
^  24f.  wounded  115,  and  missing  74.  Of  the 
^  British,  one  Major,  two  subalterns,  and  sixty  three 
privates  wi^^miide  prisoners.  And  the  author 
of  die  narrative  admits  that  not  less  thsui  500  men 
fell  on  their  side,  "  many  of  whom  were  our  finest 
soldiers  and  best  officers."  **  The  victory,"  he 
adds,  "  was  decidedly  burs."  After  relating  the 
repeated  repulse  of  the  British  in  their  attempts  to 
charge.  Major  Latour  concludes,  "  It  w%|k  now 
dbiiut  half  after  nine,  when  the  enemy  having 
learned  by  experience,  that  he  could  not  hope  to 
obtain  any  sidvantage  over  our  troops,  and  per-  * 
suaded  that  he  would  gveady  endanger  his  own  • 
safety  by  continuing  the  ctimbat,  in  which  he 
had  already  .suflfered  so  much,  fell  back  to  his 


^ 

'4-^'- 


':^ 


'*    «■■« 


f. 


i  . 

V' 


#" 


m^ 


^m 


V. 


*■**•', 


ff^ 


V 


'I 


*  •'**•■ 


^ 


,fc 


•'V 


APPBNOIK. 


cainp)^wherb  all  Ihe  troops  passed  the  tii^  ^-; 

der  arms,  and  without  fire.''    ^*  There  di^^fe 

but  litde  doubt,  ^*  says  General  Ja^son  in  his 

officiali#tter,  "that  we  slioald  have  succeeded  on 

this  dcca^loh'l^th  ^ti  iiiferior  fer6ie  in  destrpylni 

or  capturing  the  enemy,  had  not  a  thick  Ic^^ 

which  arose  about  8  o'clock,  occasioned  some 

donfusion  among  the  different  corps.    Fearing 

die  consbquences  under  this  circumstance  of  the 

further  prosecution  of  a  night  attack,  with  troops 

then  acting  together  for  the  &^t  time,  I  conteilt- 

ed  myself  with  lying  on  1h9 Jield  that  night ;  and 

at  4  in  the  motning  a$su^d  a  stronger  position, 

about  two  miles  nearer  to  the  city.*    Thus,  this 

*«  decided  victory''  shrinks  tp  a  fodom  aod^p^ 

easy  occupation  of  their  own  qRi|||^j^|n:  a  retreat 

3s  ' 


from  the  ground  On  which  the  |cpg|%as  fought. 


"* 
^ 


xm. 

Page  313. — Afbk  of  the  28th  December. 

Th&  total  effective  force  of  our  army  in  ^ 
lines  on  this  day,  according  to  Greneral  Jacks^^lli. 
officialletter,  did  not  exceed  3000.  . The numbw 
of  killed  and  wounded  wasofily  15.  The  loss  en 
the  enemy  must  have  bfeen  very  great.  It  is  estji- 
mated  by  Major  Latour,  at  from  two^to  three 
hundred.     '  ^r/ 


^- 


"W: 


m 


-:!r-- 


%• 


F'     ■ 


5 


* 


*  XIV. 


.  JP»8?e  Szf.--** Laa^inga number rfgun|ftpm 
dii;^^Qtma>  they  increased  thsir  artilleiy  to  ajf^ 
^gious  amount.'' 


•^  • 


An  exact  statement  of  this  *  prodigious  ampui^f 
i|  siven  by  Major  Latour,  in  the  following  passa(^ 
of  his  Historical  Memoir. 

:  j&^'The  artillery  was  distributed  on  the  liircs  in  the 
fbUowing  manner.  Oil' the  soil  of  the  road  within 
the  levee  was  battery  No.  1,  f  ommwuled  by  captun 

-  Humphreys,  of  the  U.  S.  artillery.    It'ionflsted  of 

twb  brass  twelve*pounders»  and  a  six-inch  howitzer, 

^jbn  fi^d  carriailges  i  these  pieces  enfiladed  the  road 

>^lK>wards  tht^^Hili. where  the  eneitny  was  posted,  and 
^Sieir  fire  g^^^uid  die  parapet  of  the  flank  of  the  rth 
doubt,  towards  the  right.  Battery  No.  1,  was  se- 
venty feet  from  the  bank  of  the  river.  The  -two 
twelve-'pounders  were,  served  by  soldi<irs  belonging 
to  the  regular  artillery,  and  thel^owitzer  by  dragoons 
of  Major  St.  Geme's  company^, 

**  Battery  No.  2,  which  had  a  twtnty-four-pounder, 
fpas  commanded  by  lieutenant  Norris,  of  the  navy, 
id  served  by  part  of  the  crew  of  the  late  schooner 
^'a/olina ;  its  distanQe*from  No.  1,  was  ninety  yards. 
^"Ulis  battery  was  the  most  elevated  above  the  soil. 
^.  «*  Battery  No.  3..c6mmanded  by  captains  Domi- 
^\qfxc  and  Bluche,  cpmmanders  of  privateers,  had 
two  twenty-four-pounders,  which  were  serve^  by 
French  mariners ;  its  distance  from  No.  2,  was  fifQr 
yards.  ^  '* 


.* 


m 


^"^tiMi^mm^i* 


■'^^W^ 


^J.        1 


\^' 


AP1*£NDLI(# 


'"4 


•^ 


■V 


**  Eiattery  No.  4,  cominanded  by  lieutenant  C>ftw^' 

ley,  of  the  navy,  and  set-ved  by  part  of  the  ereif  oi 
the  Carolina,  had  a  thir':y-two-pounder ;  its  distutcci 
from  No.  3,  was  twenty  yards.      "^      0 

'**iBatl^ery  No.  5,  cbmmontled  by  colonel  Perry  and 
lieutenant  ICtorr,  df  the  artiltery,  had  two  six-pound- 
ers, its  distance  from  No.  4,  was  bne  hundred  mud 
niqety  yards. 

**  Battery  No.  6,  commanded  by  general  Garrigues 
Flaiujeac,  and  served  by  a  detachment  o^  the  com- 
pany of  Francs,  under  the  immediate  command  of 
lieutenant  Bertel,  had  a  brass  twelve-pounder;  its 
•  .distance  from  No.  5,  was  thirty-six  yards. 
1^  ^  ^'^:     t*  Battery  No.  7,  had  a  long  brass  eighteen  pound 
^  Cttlverine,  and  a  six-pounder,  commanded  by  lieu* 

^ants  Spotts  and  Chaveau,  and  nerved  by  gunners 
of  the  U.  ^  Artillery ;  its  distance  from  No..  6,  was 
one  hundred  and  ninety  yards. 

«*  The  8th  battery  had  a  small  brass  carronade, 
which  rendered  very  little  service,  on  account  of  the 
ill  condition  of  its  carriage ;  it  was  cooimanded  by  a 
corporal  of  artillery,  and  served  by  militia  men  of 
general  Carroll's  command ;  its  distance  from  No.  7, 
was  sixty  yards." 


•€ 


.»* 


*[ 


m 


^ 


-.^ 


:.% 


Page  324.— **By  this  reinforcement,  together 
with'the  addition  of  a  body  qf  sailors  and  marines 
from  the  fleet,  our  numbers  now  amounted  to  little 
short  of  eight  thousand  menP  '   "  .^ 

Few  subjects  have  been  more  misrepresented 
thto  the  relative  numerical  strength  of  the  Ame- 


^ 


«^     ^ 


\ 


^ 


•a 


-"^^mi*iii^:s. 


\^.^ 


ft 


■^ 


AFFENDIX.  ^        *i?:l» 

lieuitiid  British  armies.  Even  in  this  cdtmtry  nt' 
has-been  pretty  generally  believed  that  t)ie  supe- 
riority of  num^rs  was  oin  the  side  of  General 
Jackson ;  and  of  the  distiEMrtion  of  the  truth  in 
England,  we  may  form  some  idea  ffx>m  the  above 
|nssage,  in  which  the  number  of  British  is  stated 
at  short  of  8000;  and  from  the  following  sentence 
in  pages  320,  321^  "  of  the  niimbers  of  the  ene^ 
ttiy,  again,  various  reports  were  in  circulation ; 
some  stating  them  at  23,  and  others  at  30,000 ; 
bat  perhaps  /  may  come  nearer  the  truths  if  I 
choose  a  middle  course,  and  suppose  their  whole 
force  to  be  about  25,000  menJ^  It  was  natural 
that  men<whQ  had  suffered  so  much,  should  exag- 
gerate the  numbers  opp6sed  to  them ;  but  the 
strengdi  of  tli^  British  army  must  have  been  well 
known  to  the  atithor  of  the  "  narrative,"  whose  mis- 
statement therefore  must  be  wilful  and  inexcusa- 
ble. The  true  force  of  their  army  is  circum- 
stantially given  by  Major  Latoi^,  in  the  appendix 
to  his  valuable  book. 

*<  A  list  of  the  several  corps  composing  the  British 
army  at  the  time  of  its  landing  on  the  shores  of  the 
^Mississippi,  with  an  estimate  of  their  respective 
^,.^,  force. 

-*Ath  regiment,  king's  own,  lieutenant-  ^  , 

colonel  Francis  Brook«  750.  strong 

Wh      do.       Royal  Fusiliers,  lieute- 

IUttt<£ol«ael  £.  Blakeney  850    ,. 

Carried  over     1600        "^ 


v 


'^e 


*«*»'i- 


^' 


>^  JH 


y% 


»*-'J 


■n 


♦ 


.">%' 


¥  m 


HI 


A.*,. 


^^Kf 


!.'[ 


f 


ti 


). 


^^■ 


S  ^ 

1 


'.'At 


^. 


4-' 


\'  4^        .»  APPENDIX.  *.*X' 

t  *  '*'   ^*       .  Brought  forward     IGOOstrpng 

1^     ■  ,14th  regiment,  Duehess  of  York's  own, 

^  0*S^''<^'^Soon8)  lieutenant-colonel  •     T^-' 

•%  CM.  Baker  %  350 

"^  31at*  do  Royal  North  Britain  fusi- 
liers, lieutenant-colonel  W.  Pat<- 
terson       .  900       Jl 

40th    do.    Somersetshire^  lieutenant- 

plonel  H.  Thornton  lOOO 

48d    do.    MonmoiSth  (Hght  infantry) 

lieutenant-colonel  Patrickson  850 

44th    do.     East  Essex,  lieutenant-co- 
1,^    ,.^,         lonel  honourable  Thomas  Mullen       /50 
^l)-' ^  ^  j»  4$!*^  85th    do.    Bucks  volunteers  (light  in- 
fk  ^^f*    ^^  .^        fantry)  lieutenant-colonel  WiUiam 

'^'^       >      ^        Thornton  650. 

93d     do.    Highland,  lieutenant-colo- 
nel Robert  Dale  liotb 
95thf  do.    Rifle  corps,  major  Samuel 

Mitchell  500 

,1st    do.     West  India,  lieutenant-<:o- 
^    lonel  C.  W.  Whitby  TOO 

5tK  .do.    West  India,  lieutenant-co- 
lonel A.  M.  K.  Hamilton 


"\ 


^m 


A  detachment  froln  the  62d  regiment 
Rocket  brigade,  artillery,  drivers^  en- 

gineersy  sappers  and  miners 
Roya\  marines 
Sailors  taken  from  the  fleet 


] 


700 
350 

1500 
1500 
$000 


Total     14,450 


^fflftk 


:S. 


f 


"•*: 

»,-»•, 
"»■ 


:» 


\ 

^ 


M-i 


■.0 


J'    * 

■Uv  ■ 


■y* 


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iH 


r^ 


4; 


i.i. 


% 


!  *  Of  this  reginent  we  hare  aeen  two  retnrni  signed  by  D.  Demit, 
adjutant j  of  the  17th  Deeember  and  Sth  Jauuary,  eaeh  of  which  justify 
the  amodnt  here  given— its  establishment  was  one  thonsaod  two  hundred 
and  eight. 

t  This  regiment  oonsisti  of  three  battalions,  of  one  flioaari&d  men ' 
4ph,  of  n^hieb  only  a  demi4>attalioq  was  tmt  to  Looisiaiuu" 


w 


V|/ 


%^ 


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•Bt'  m 


■* 


•# 


#* 


A 


I 


d 


% 


%  * 


"-"SjH^lp^,. 


*? 


Vi 


."3> 


"Vi 


.^, 


APPENDIX. 


i     4^1 


4^ 


f  •I'. 


-'» 


r 


*'* 


^t/ 


) 


This  statement  is  corroborated  by  theVoIlow- 
ing  letter. 

^  "  iVirw  Orleans,  April  8, 1815. 
*<  Sir,— During  my  detention  in  the  British  fleet, 
the  officers,  both  navil  and  military,  with  whom  1 
had  an  opportunity  to  converse,  always  estimated 
their  force  here  on  the  8th  January,  at  ten  thousand 
regular  troops  at  least.  An  incident  occurred  relat- 
ing to  this  subject  on  the  evenit^  of  the  7th  January, 
^hich  you  mj|y  think  worth  communicating.  This 
day  I  had  accidentally  omitted  to  wear  uniform: 
while  at  supper  with  the  ward-room  officers  of  the 
Gorgon  frigate,  a  military  officer,  (whose  name  I 
disremember)  'was  introduced  as  coming  directly 
from  camp ;  he  took  a  seat  at  table,  and  began  to  talk 
freely  about  the  situation  of  the  army,  his  business 
in  the  fleet,  and  addressing  himself  principally  to  me, 
he  having  taken  up  the  idea  I  was  first  lieutenant  of 
the  ship.  After  various  inquiries  about  the  two 
lines,  I  asked  the  number  of  British  he  supposed 
might  be  on  shore,  he  replied,  when  the  last  rein- 
forcements would  be  landed  (which  he  had  met 
three  days  before  near  Yillere's  canal)  there  would 
be,  marines  and  atilors  inclusive,  from  thirteen  to 
fifteen  thousand  men ;  he  was  certain  of  this,  for  he 
had  seen  some  returns  previous  to  his  departure ; 
this  was  an  intelligent  officer,  having  the  grade  of 
captain,  who  had  been  sent  by  the  commander-in« 
chief  to  ascertain  the  quantity  of  provisions  in  the 


V 


fleet. 


I  am,  &c. 


Robert  Morrell,  M.  D. 

United  States  Navy," 


Instead  of  e^ht  thousand,  we  have  therefore 
ihe  best  authority  for  estimating  the  number|  of 
tfie  British,  at "  little  short  cS^' fourteen  thousand. 

3H 


# 


kl 


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w 


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** 


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u 


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AI22 


APPENDIX. 


nV 


-k- 


i^ 


k 


K 

V 


# 


The  misreprdsentation  of  the  American  force  is 
yet  more  striking.  It  is  unquestionably  true^  that 
the  whole  number  oj  Amencamfiwithin  General 
Jackson's  lines  f  on  the  6th  of  January  ^  did  not  ex- 
ceed three  thousand  Jive  hundred;  not  one  fourth  of 
the  British  strength.  This  fact,  which  appears 
from  a  variety  of  ^uments,  is  fully  established 
by  the  following  passage  of  Major  Latbur's 
Memoir.  *• 


■0\ 


♦•'* 


% 


* 


«. 

-/ 


■# 


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r.i 


^. 


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0^ 


i^ 


*^  In  order  to  give  a  correct  narrative  of  the  aflair 
^  of  the  8th,  I  must  previously  make  the  reader  ac- 
quainted with  the  respective  position  of  thie  diiTerent  ^-t* 
corps  stationed  at  the  lines;  that  he  may  perceive^^  * 
that  if  a  considerable  part  of  the  troops  exhibited  no 
active  valour,  it  was  owing  to  the  attack's  not  bein^ 
made  on  their  position;  for  had  it  been  general^  there 
can  be  no  doubt  but  all  would  have  equally  vied  iti 
ardour  and  bravery. 

'K*'*  The  redoubt  on  the  river,  in  front  of  the  extre^ * 
mity  of  the  line  on  the  right,  was  guarded  by  a  com- 
pany of  the  7th  regiment,  commanded  by  lieutenant 
Ross.    The  artillery  Mras  served  19f  a  detachment  of 
the  44th,  Under  the  Command  of  lieutenant  Marant.'^ 
Within  the  line,  at  the  extremity  of  the  right,  be*-**' 
t^een  battery  No.  1,  and  the  river,  was  stationed  the 
New  Orleans  volunteer  company  of  riflemen,  about 
thirty  men  strong. 

"  The  7th  regiment  covered  from  that  battery^ 
battery  No.  3,  taking  in  the  powder  magazine,  built 
since  the  1st  of  January,  as  also  battery  No.  2,  com- 
manded by  lieutenant  Norris.  T^is  regiment,  four 
hundred  and  thirty  men  strong,  was  commanded  by 
maj<*Peire.  .:.A^>  »^  .,**^  _ ..  - 


<x 


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APPENDIX. 


M^ 


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vfc 


V<.. 


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■ifi 


I     .v^<. 


't    -n* 


■i      I  l« 


«- 

:-?* 


.-f 


r 


^'« 


if. 


*<  The  ioterval  between  that  battery  and  No.  4, 
commanded  by  lieutenant  Crawley,  was  occupied  by 
major  Plauche'i  battalion  of  volunteer  uniform  com- 
panies, and  by  Aiajor  Lacoste*s  battalion  of  Louisi- 
ana men  of  colour.  The  former  was  two  hundred 
j^  eighty-nine  men  strong,  and  the  latter  two  hun- 
%red  and  eighty.  .^ 

"  From  battery  No.  4,  to  colonel  Perry'",  No.  5, 
the  line  was  defended  by  major  Daquin's  battalion 
of  St.  Domingo  men  of  colour,  one  hundred  and  fifty 
men  strong,  and  from  that  out  by  the  44th,  two  hun- 
dred and  forty  men  strong,  commanded  by  captain 
'^'j^aker.  All  the  corps,  from  the  7th  regiment  to  the 
44th  inclusively,  were  under  the  command  of  colonel 
Ross. 

**  Two-thirds  of  the  remaining  length  of  the  line, 
were  guarded  by  the  troops  commanded  by  major- 
general  Carroll.  On  the  right  of  battery  No.  7,  com- 
^'mknded  by  lieutenants  Spotts  i.nd  Chauveau,  were 
Stationed  fifty  marines,  under  the  command  of  lieu- 
tenant Bellevue. 

"On  the  preceding  day,  part  of  the  Kentucky 
troops,  under  the  command  of  general  Adair,  had 
gone  to  re-enforce  that  part  of  the  line.  The  order 
ia  which  they  were  ranged  may  be  seen  on  the  plan. 
AU  those  troops  formed  a  force  of  about  sixteen 
hundred  men. 

"  The  troops  under  the  command  of  general  Coflee 
occi\pied  the  rest  of  the  length  of  the  line,  as  also 
that  part  which  turned  off  towards  the  left  into  the 
wood ;  their  number  was  about  five  hundred  men. 
^■4"*  <*  Captain  Ogden*s  company  of  cavalry  was  sta- 
tioned behind  head-quarters,  and  a  detachment  of 
the  Attakapas  dragoons  was  posted  within  the  court- 
yard, together  about  fifty  men  strong. 

"  During  the  attack,  captain  Chauveau's  company 


tit 


i   r.: 


4 


.Y*f- 


1:4' 


i 


If 


'•A,  3 


■  i." 


^ 


•A' 


— -  "^i**»  •  *^ 


.IK  *'*-. 


*>*. 


X 


':^. 


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•1 


% 


494 


Ar?INDIX. 


?-( 


f 


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¥. 


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■  of  hone  volunteers,  about  thirty  men  strong,  huted 
from  town  and  drew  up  in  the  same  court-yard*  to  bq 
ready  for  a  sortie,  should  it  be  thought  expedient. 
"*  **  The  Mississippi  cavalry,  comnnanded  by  major 
Hinds,  one  hundred  and  fifty  men  strong,  was  en- 
campKid  in  the  rear,  on  Delery^s  plantation.  Our 
outposts  extended  about  five  hundred  yards  in  front 
of  the  line. 

**  Different  detachments,  making  an  aggregate  of  ^ 
two  hundred  and  fifty  men  of  colonel  Young*s  ribgl-    ' 
ment  of  Louisiana  militia,  were  stationed  at  conve« 
nient  intervals,  on  the  skirts  of  the  wpod,  behind  the 
line,  as  far  as  the  Piemas  canal. 

"  Four  hundred  yards  behind  the  line,  a  {(uard 
*  was  posted  on  the  road,  to  prevent  any  one's  going 
out  of  camp ;  and  a  line  of  sentinels  extended  from 
that  post  to  the  wood  for  the  same  purpose. 

**  Although  the  above  details  show  the  number  of 
our  troops  to  have  ^amounted  to  about  four  thousand 
men,  including  one  hundred  artillerists  wKo  did  not  •, 
belong  to  any  corps,  it  is  nevertheless  true,  that  ge- 
neral Jackson's  line  was  defended  by  only  three 
thousand  two  hundred  men,  the  remaining  eight  hun- 
dred having  been  distributed  into  various  detach-  ,^^ 
ments,  and  posted  behind  to  guard  the  camp,  for  the  \. 
defence  of  the  Piemas  canal,  and  on  the  outskirts  of  .  , 
the  wood."  ^ 


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iJkPPENDlX. 


m 


XVI. 


41 


Bige  330.— "The   Americans,   without   so 

mtfch  as  lifting  their  faces  above  the  rampart, 

/    swung  their  firelocks  by  one  arm  over  the  wall, 

and  discharged  them  directly  upon  their  heads." 

M  Never  was  there  made  a  more  ridiculous  asser- 
, .  tion  than  this.  Destitute  alike,  of  truth  and  pro- 
4^  bability,  it  must  be  considered  absurd  even  in 
.  England,  by  those  who  have  paid  any  attention 
to.the  circumstances  of  the  action.  The  great 
disproportion  in  the  number  of  British  officers 
killed  and  wounded,  proves  that  good  aim  must 
hrve  been  taken  at  the  assailants ;  a  thing  not 
easy  to  have  been  e£fected,  without  <*  lifting  their 
faces  abovt  the  rampart."  The  rampart  must, 
one  would  suppose,  have  been  rather  too  broad 
to  admit  of  a  firelock  being  **  swung  over  it," 
and  discharged  on  the  heads  of  the  enemy  imme* 
diately  under  it ;  and  the  author,  and^  those  who 
put  faith  in  his  assertion,  must  possess  an  exalted 
opinion  of  American  strength  to  suppose  it  easy 
to  swing  a  firelock  "with  one  ar>. "  over  a  wall, 
and  discharge  it  upon  an  enemy.  This  anony* 
mous  "  officer,"  who  has  attempted  to  fix  a  stig« 


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ma  of  cowardice  upon  the  defenders  of  New 
Orleans,  seems  to  be  as  deficient  in  judgn\ient  as 
in  hpnour  ami  honesty,  for  in  proportion  to  the 
want  of  courage,  displayed  by  their  enemy,  was 
the  shame  and  disgrace  of  their  own  defeat  en- 
hanced. ^"^ 
In  his  official  letter,  General  Lambert  commits 
a  more  serious  error,  by  stating  that  as  the  Bri- 
tish troops  advanced,  **a  continued  and  most 
galling  fire  was  opened  from  every  part  of  the 
line."  Now  it  is  certain  that  little  more  than  one 
half  of  the  line  was  engaged.  The  majority  of  ^ 
troops  under  General  Coffee,  did  not  fire  at  all ; 
the  engagement  was  almost  exclusively  confined 
to  the  right  and  left  of  the  lines,  and  scarcely  a 
shot  was  fired  from  the  centre.  See  Latour's 
Memoir,  page  244.  I 

XVII.  ^ 

Page  331.—"  Making  a  forward  motion,  the 
7th  and  43d  presented  the  appearance  of  a  renew- 
ed attack;  by  which  the  enemy  were  so  much 
awed,  that  they  did  not  venture  beyond  their 
lines  in  pursuit  of  the  fugitives." 

All  accounts  represent  the  rout  of  the  British, 
as  a  total  and  most  confused  and  disgraceful  one. 
Nothing  was  less  calculated  to  excite  "  awe," 

• 


wk 


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A 


APPENDIXt 


-Av- 


427 


than  the  appearance  of  th^se  veterans,  after  the 
fire  of  the  line  had  been  opened  upon  tliem  ;  and 
if  the  approach  of  the  main  bodjfHiad  failed  to 
intimidate  our  troops,  it  is  not  easy  to  believe,  ^^^ 

that  tfie  advance  of  the  reserve  could  have  pro- 
duced that  effect.  It  is  true  that  General  Lambert, 
in  his  official  letter,  speaks  of  "  placing  the  reserve  j. 
in  position/*  on  his  making  the  discovery  that 
**  it  was  impossible  to  restore  order,  in  the  regi- 
ments, where  they  were,"  yet  this  "  position" 
fRiems  to  have  been  any  thing  but  a  "forward 
cme."    It  is  called  by  Major  Latour,  appropriate- 
ly, "  a  supine  position,"  since  **  the  reserve  and  "      jf 
all  those  of  the  advanced  columns,  who  escaped        '^'  * 
slaughter,  were  ordered  to  crouch  down  in  the     ^ 
stubble,  where  they  lay  flat  on  their  faces  till         " 
night.    This  new  evolution  was  executed,  in  or 
der  to  avoid  the  fire  of  our  artillery."— vl/>j&.  p.cM.        a 


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XVIII. 


Page  332.-— "  The  main  body  .  .  .  amounted 
to  no  fewer  than  1500  men." 

The  number  of  effective  men  on  the  right  bank, 
did  not  exceed  eight  hundred.  The  British  force 
was  about  equal  to  this,  all  regulars,  well  armed  and 
disciplined.    The  Americans  were  nearly  all  new 


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APPENDIX*. 


militia.  The  force  stationed  on  the  right,  which 
first  gave  way,  was  a  corps  of  250  Kentuckians, 
who,  observ<ilpMajor  Latour,  "  were  spent  with 
fatigue  and  fiiint  for  want  of  food,  having  taken 
hardly  any  nourishment,  since  the  morning  of  the 
7th.  They  had  marched  five  miles  to  the  line 
in  bad  roads,  sometimes  knee  deep  in  mud.  It 
appears,  also,  that  their  arms  were  in  an  ill  con- 
dition, thieir  ammunition  bad,  and  several  of  their 
muskets  without  fliiits,  some  having  nothing  but 
pebbles  in  their  stead.  What  could  be  expected 
from  men  thus  dispirited,  ill  armed,  and  exhaust- 
ed with  inanition  and  fatigue  V^-—p,  170. 


'«■" 

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y , 


XIX. 


-.*«:%■* 


^ 


Page  332 — "  Like  their  countrymen  on  the 
ether  side,  they  wece  strongly  entrenched,  a  thick 
parapet  with  a  ditch  covering  their  front ;  while 
a  battery  on  their  left,  swept  the  whole  position, 
and  two  field  pieces  commanded  the  road.'' 

The  following  account  of  General  Morgan's 
imperfect  lines,  which  the  author  represents  as  a 
strong  entrenchment,  is  given  by  Major  Latcur.l' 

"General  Morgan  took  the  command  of  those 
tt'oops,  which,  as  I  have  already  observed,  he  sta<- 
tioned  along  Kaguet's  old  canal,  where  he  had  com- 
mMiced  lines  of  defence  two  hundred  yards  in  length* 
which  was  but  a  very  small  portion  of  the  whole 
length  of  the  canal,  this  extending  about  two  thou- 

f.-i  .4«  »,.•■       ti, 

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APPENDIX. 


429 


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Icians, 
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taken 
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sand  yards  to  the  wood.  Thus  all  that  part  on  the 
right  of  the  space  of  two  liundred  yards,  where  a 
breastlirork  had  been^foegun,  was  w^out  any  other 
defence  than  a  ditch,  and  exposec|P>  be  turned ; 
this,weshaU  see,  is  what  actually  happened." — />.  166. 

_^*<  Colonel  Davis  took  his  station  on  Mayhew's 
canal,  about  a  mile  in  advance  of  Morgan's  line, 
his  left  resting  on  the  riyer  bank.  Oh  the  right  of 
his  detachment  was  stationed  that  of  major  Arnaud, 
consisting,  as  I  have  already  observed,  of  one  hun> 
dred  men,  of  whom  fifteen  were  without  arms,,  and 
the  others  were  armed  with  fowling-pieces.  The 
eijiemy  arrived  in  coAsiderable  force,  and  attacked 
that  positioih  with  the  troops  that  had  landed,  while 
his  boats  fired  grape-shot  at  our  flank.  Colonel 
Davis  m^de  his  troops  fire  two  or  three  vpUeys,  not 
without  effect ;  but  finding  it  impossible  to  maintain 
his  ground  any  longer,  as  the  enemy  had  already  out- 
flanked hinn  on  the  right,  seeing  himself  abandoned 
by  the  detachment  of  Major  Arnaud,  which,  in  spite 
of  all  the  major^s  efforts  to  rally  it,  had  taken  to  the 
wood,  he  determined  to  make  his  retreat  on  Morgan^s 
lines,  where  he  took  a  position  on  the- right,  along  the 
canal,  beyond  the  part  that  was  fortified.  It  is  to  be 
observed,  that  owing  to  some  cause  to  me  unknown, 
there  was  a  space  unoccupied  between  the  right ,  of 
colonel  Declouet,  commanding  the  detachment  of 
drafted  militia,  and  colonel  Davis's  left.  The  troops 
under  the  latter's  command,  occupied  a  considerable 
front,  the  men  were  placed  severalfeet  from  each 
other;  and  finally,  on  the  same  canal,  but  two  hun* 
dred  yards  further  to  the  right,  was  stationed  lieute- 
nant-cot<mei  Caldwell,  also  of  the  drafted  militia,  with 

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430  APPENDIX. 

a  detachraent  of  sixteeii 'Inen.  The  disposition  of 
the  troops  on  these  lines,  when  colonel  Davis  todk 
his  station  vhec^was  therefore  as  follows :  The  finst 
regiment  of  talf/^*  on  jhe  river ;  on  its  right  the  *M' 
cond  regiment ;  ,on  the  rig^ht  of  (his  last,  the  drafted 
mililia  of  Louisiana.  These  corps  occupied  the 
whole  length  of  the  fortified  line.  Next  to  this  was 
a  space  unguarded,  extending  to  the  left  of  colonel 
Davis,  whose  command'  occupied  on  the  canal  three 
hundred  yards  in  front ;  and  finally  two  hundred  yards 
from  his  right  was  stationed  colonel  Caldwell  with 
sixteen  men ;  the  whole  forming  ^  total  of  about  six 
hundred  men,  one-third  of  whom,  as  before  observed, 
were  ill  armed.  There  were  mounjted  on  thope  lin^ 
three  pieces  of  cannon,  one  a  twelve-powider»  coiH- 
manded  by  midshipman  Philihert,  and  two  six- 
pounders,  the  one  cdtanmanded  by  Mr.  Batique,  for- 
merly a  captain  of  a  vessel,  the  other,  by  Mr.  Hos- 
mer,  both  these  gentlemen  belonging  to  the  first  re- 
gitnent  of  militia. 

"  The  enemy  advancing  rapidly  by  the  road  oppo- 
"^Ite  the  left  of  the  line,  the  artillery  played  on  him 
with  effect,  and  as  soon  as  he  approached  near 
enough,  the  musketry  also  began  to  fire ;  which  hav- 
ing obliged  him  to  fall  back,  he  nexl  directed  his 
attack  against  our  right,  one  column  moving  towards 
the  wood,  and  the  other  towards  the  centre  of  the  line. 
It  was  now  th&t  was  felt  the  effect  of  the  bad  posi- 
tion that  we  occupied.  One  of  the  enemy's  columns 
turned  our  troops,  at  the  extremity  of  colonel  DaVis's 
detachment,  while  the  other  penetrated  int.o  the  un- 
guarded space  between  that  detachment  and  the 
drafted  militia.  On  this  the  Kentucky  mili|ia  gave 
way,  nor  was  it  possible  from  that  moment  to  rally 
,,them,  though  their  officers  and  general  Morgan  made 


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appeTndix.  '       431      \r 

every  exertion  for  that  purpose.     Confidence  had 
vanishedi  and  with  it  all  spirit  of  resistance.     If,  in- 
stead  of  extending  over  so  considerable  a  space^  those    * 
troops  had  l^en  formed  in  close  cohimn)  the  confu- 
sion that  took  place  might  easily  have  b^i'en  avoideu;       .•«  ^ 
and  in  case  of  a  retreat's  becoming  necessary,  it       > 


w.  '.  fit 


might  have  been  made  in  good  order,  our  troops  # 

•     Instill  keeping  up  their  fire. — ff,  170. 


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Page  383,  line  16,  for  aU  read  mott. 


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